查看更多>>摘要：Secondary hypertension caused by an underlying disease is common in older cats， especially in those with chronic kidney disease and/or hyperthyroidism。 Systolic blood pressure should be measured whenever an associated disease is diagnosed and persistent systolic blood pressure >160mmHg should prompt treatment to prevent or reverse target organ damage。 Amlodipine and telmisartan are licensed in the UK to treat feline hypertension and both drugs have been evaluated in prospective randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials in hypertensive cats with systolic blood pressure of 160-200mmHg that did not have evidence of target organ damage。 Initial reductions of 20-30mmHg can be expected with either medication， and cats should be re-evaluated after 14 days and dose adjustments made as required。 No studies have compared the performance of one drug against the other and either medication should be selected as the first-line treatment for feline hypertension。 At present， there are more data in the literature to support the use of amlodipine in cats with severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure >200mmHg)， or with evidence of ocular or neurological target organ damage。
查看更多>>摘要：Endemic and emerging parasites pose a risk to companion animals and their owners。 Emerging parasites can also impose a significant public health burden。 The discovery of new parasites， the insurgence of endemic ones， and the emergence of new information has made managing parasitic diseases a topical subject for veterinarians， who are now starting to see more patients with these diseases。 Better understanding of the extent and burden of parasites on animals and humans is essential for control interventions。 This article discusses the known risk factors of UK parasites in the current literature， use of parasiticides in small animal medicine， known challenges to effective parasite control， risks of parasiticides and current guidelines surrounding theiruse。
查看更多>>摘要：Gallbladder mucocele is defined as a build-up of immobile mucus within the gallbladder that can result in extrahepatic biliary obstruction， pressure necrosis of the gallbladder wall and ultimately， rupture。 The incidence of this disease has increasedsteadily in veterinary medicine and now it is one of the most recognised extrahepatic biliary tract problems in the dog。 This is not likely to solely be a result of an increased incidence of the disease， but more so the increasingly widespread use of ultrasonography to diagnose it。 There are several proposed causes and predisposing factors of gallbladder mucocele， including mechanical or functional obstruction of the cystic duct， idiopathic dyslipidaemias， glucocorticoid excess and cholecystitis。 Although clinicopathological changes are often present， they are not specific to the disease and the gold standard diagnostic imaging tool is ultrasonography。
Stephanie SorrellSneha Joseph PugalendhiDanielle Gunn-Moore
12页
查看更多>>摘要：Until recently， feline infectious peritonitis was an invariably fatal disease that occurs when a ubiquitous enteric coronavirus mutates。 This enables it to replicate effectively within macrophages， resulting in immune-mediated phlebitis and serositis。While our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis remains unchanged， with the recent availability of legalised antiviral drugs， successful treatment is now a possibility， albeit at a cost。 As we approach a new dawn of research into the diagnosis and treatment of this disease， this review summarises current therapeutic options。 Please note， some protocols are still being optimised。
查看更多>>摘要：Pemphigus foliaceus is the most common autoimmune skin disease in cats。 Autoantibodies attack and destroy desmosomes， the structures connecting one keratinocyte to the other， causing what is clinically recognised as a pustular dermatitis。 The target autoantigen within the desmosome is unknown in cats。The disease occurs more frequently in middle-aged cats and involves predominantly the pinnae， head and feet， including the claw folds。 Clinical lesions include superficial erosions and honey-coloured crusts， alopecia， scaling and caseous material that can be expressed out of the claw folds， while pustules are rarely appreciated。 Cats may be systemically ill。 Diagnosis requires cytology and histopathology， as well as ruling out dermatophytosis and bacterial infections。 Treatment is based on glucocorticoid monotherapy。 Other immunomodulatory drugs， such as ciclosporin or chlorambucil， may be added to reduce the glucocorticoid requirement。 The prognosis is good， but regular checks-ups are mandatory because of potential relapse and possible adverse effects of the drugs used。
查看更多>>摘要：A personal boundary is a behavioural or emotional metaphorical wall that we erect to ensure our physical and psychological safety。 These are important for keeping us in healthy and sustainable relationships。 We draw personal boundaries to protect whatis uniquely ours: our body， resources， intellect， emotions and behaviour。 Therefore， where we draw them is specific to us based on our ethics， values， priorities， experiences， feelings and needs。 Veterinary professionals may struggle to set boundaries because they may be driven by compassion or empathy， or have perfectionistic or people-pleasing tendencies。 This is the first of a series of two articles addressing what personal boundaries are and why we need them。 Why veterinary professionals struggle to set healthy boundaries is also discussed。
查看更多>>摘要：This month's Small Animal Review summarises three papers on a 'slow kill' protocol for treating heartworm in dogs; two cases of ocular onchocercosis in UK dogs imported from Europe and the use of urine and faecal samples in measuring exposure to aromatic amines。This prospective case series by Ames et al (2020) evaluated the adulticidal efficacy of topical 10% moxidectin/2。5% imidacloprid and doxycycline in dogs with naturally occurring heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection。 A sample of 22 infected dogs were treated with moxidectin/ imidacloprid at the licensed dosage for heartworm prevention twice monthly for 90 days and then monthly thereafter。 Doxycycline (median dosage 12。6mg/kg/day) was also administered for the first 15 days。 Although strict activity restriction was not imposed， owners were asked to prevent their dogs from exercising strenuously。 Antigen testing was performed every 30-60 days until negative。 Of the 22 dogs， 21 tested negative by 434 days (median 234)。 One dog remained positive 701 days after treatment initiation and was considered a treatment failure。 Four dogs required treatment for coughs， thought to be a result of heartworm death， an average of 89 days after the start of treatment。 One dog required hospitalisation for24 hours and recovered fully with corticosteroid therapy and supportive care， and two dogs were treated in an outpatient fashion with steroids。 This treatment protocol was well tolerated and 96% (21 of 22) of dogs became antigen negative， although two dogs required over 1 year to achieve this result。
NSTL