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Thermal science and engineering progress
Elsevier Ltd.
Thermal science and engineering progress

Elsevier Ltd.

2451-9049

Thermal science and engineering progress/Journal Thermal science and engineering progressSCI
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    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of Graphene Nanoplatelets for the cooling of a multiple tier Li-ion battery pack

    Shukla D.K.Jindal P.Wei Y.Breedon P....
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：A customized Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide(NMC) based battery pack was designed using a Finite Element(FE) based model and simulated using a coolant containing 0.001 vol% and 0.005 vol% Graphene Nanoplatelets(GNPs) in a mixture of Ethylene Glycol(EG) and water (50:50) to assess the effectiveness in lowering the operating temperature within the battery pack. Three variations of the battery pack were simulated as one tier, two tier, and three tier systems to optimize the effectiveness and surface contact of the flowing coolant with the heated batteries. The pack's temperature was set to 60 °C, and a simulation study was run over a 15-second period of fluid flow to determine final temperature conditions. In comparison to pure EG/water fluid, operating temperature range was reduced by about 12% to 24% for 0.001 vol% GNP/EG/water fluid and 24% to 29% for 0.005 vol% GNP/EG/water fluid. The increased cooling capacity supplied by these coolant fluids are attributed to GNPs high thermal conductivity and larger surface area. From an initial temperature of 60 °C, the maximum temperature range for these designs was 42.250 °C to 45.760 °C, which was within the 45 °C recommended operational temperature range for Lithium-Ion Batteries(LIBs) used in Electric Vehicles(EVs). Suggested reasons for this have been, the presence of minor(0.001 vol% and 0.005 vol%) compositions of highly thermally conductive material as GNP, within the regular coolant fluid of EG/water and structural redesigning of the battery pack into two and three tier models, thereby, allowing a more uniform flow of the GNP/EG/water coolant, across the battery sections.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Thermo-mechanical modelling to evaluate residual stress and material compatibility of laser cladding process depositing similar and dissimilar material on Ti6Al4V alloy

    Kabir I.R.Naher S.Tamanna N.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022The formation of residual stresses due to thermo-mechanical effect and microstructural transformation in the Laser Cladding process predominantly affects the final product integrity and service life. A 3D finite element transient thermo-mechanical model has been developed to predict thermal profile and residual stress distribution for repair application of Ti6Al4V alloy using a moving heat source. Then the developed model was applied for the deposition of ceramic materials Al2O3 and TiC on Ti6Al4V alloy substrate. The outcome of this model is to predict temperature distribution, cooling rate, melt pool depth, heat affected zone and residual stress. This study mainly highlights the thermal effect on the residual stresses for similar and dissimilar clad/substrate materials and suggests the suitable cladding material with minimum residual stress.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Big data simulation for effective thermal conductivity modeling of thermosyphon

    Kim M.Moon J.H.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThermosyphon or thermosiphon has been continuously studied for various thermal engineering applications in terms of large heat delivery and removal. Their thermal resistances have been investigated as they are the key to infer the effective thermal conductivity in thermal systems. This study aims to provide an essential basis or modeling equation to design a thermal system to estimate the effective thermal conductivity with thermal resistance. Collecting big data using computational fluid dynamics is newly introduced to examine the thermosyphon, which cannot be tested in an experiment. More than 36,000 simulation cases are conducted by changing total length, radius, heat sink area, heater area, heat transfer coefficient at heat sink, and power of the heater. Selected cases cover the actual ranges by referring to existing experimental or numerical results in other literature. As a result of numerical analysis, a correlation between thermosyphon morphology, thermal resistance, and effective thermal conductivity is derived. The Deep Neural Network (DNN) is employed to validate the simulation data. It is confirmed that the results are consistent and verifiable. These results open a way as we can see that the effective thermal conductivity is a function of geometry and complex function of heat power or heat transfer coefficient. This correlation model is expected to play an essential role in designing thermal systems.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Mitigating the effects of partial shading on PV system's performance through PV array reconfiguration: A review

    Jaber H.Osmani K.Lemenand T.Castanier B....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThis paper aims at exploring different PhotoVoltaic (PV) array Reconfiguration (PVR) methods, used to reduce the negative impacts of Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs), that could affect the performance of a PV system (i.e. hotspots, electrical mismatch, etc.). The classification of different PVR techniques is formed under three main categories: physical, electrical, and physical-electrical combination. Physical PVR alters the actual locations of the panels within the array. Referred to as static reconfiguration methods, this set includes puzzle based, number based, symmetry based, distance maximizing based, and nature inspired methods. On the other hand, electrical PVR reorders the electrical interconnections between PV panels, and is composed of algorithm based, artificial intelligence based, hybrid, and basic/improved electrical configurations. A combined PVR method hybridizes the two precedent categories. Each method from the three main sets, is critically compared to the relevant others, according to a mathematical model, which includes many performance indices: Fill Factor (FF), Mismatch Power Loss (PML), Percentage Power Loss (%PLoss), Performance Ratio (PR), Execution Ratio (ER), Efficiency (η), Percentage of Power Enhancement (%PE) and DC output power (PDC). The thorough investigation of different PVR techniques, resulted that a Total Cross Tied (TCT) configured PV panels, physically relocated by means of Static Shade Dispersion Physical Array Relocation (SD-PAR) algorithm, while interfered with a switching matrix controlled by Modified Harris Hawks Optimizer (MHHO) algorithm, could be an optimum and effective solution to passively mitigate PSCs’ effects.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Heat transfer enhancement of twisted tape inserts in supercritical carbon dioxide flow conditions based on CFD and vortex kinematics

    Li W.Yu Z.Wang Y.Li Y....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 The Author(s)Twisted tape inserts (TTI) are often employed to enhance heat transfer in tubes but their enhancement for supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) is unknown, and the thermal performance of TTIs is never studied by vortex kinematics. The TTIs with three twist ratios (TR) were designed for an experimental SCO2 water-cooled counter-flow tube-in-tube heat exchanger, and the convective heat transfer of SCO2 in the exchangers with the TTIs was simulated with ANSYS CFX based on the three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, energy equation and shear stress transport turbulence model. Effects of TR, mass flux, inlet pressure and wall heat flux on the performance were clarified. The optimal TRs were sought by using the performance evaluation criterion curve and criterion of friction factor ratio ≤5. The thermal performance was characterised by using cross-sectional average absolute helicity. The friction factor ratio, Nusselt number ratio and performance evaluation criterion vary in the ranges of 3.63–7.29, 3.43–5.75 and 1.90–2.94 at the pseudocritical point, inlet pressure of 8, 9 MPa, mass flux of 200, 400 kg/m2s and wall heat flux of 12, 24 kW/m2 as TR = 2.17, 3.78, 5.39. The best heat transfer enhancement caused by TTIs appears at the point with 2–3 times better than that in water or air flow. The enhancement reduces dramatically on the left- and right-hand sides of the point. The increased mass flux and inlet pressure can reduce but a large wall flux can raise the enhancement on both sides of the point. The optimal TR depends on SCO2 operational conditions and TR = 3.78 is the optimal TR for most cases herein.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Visualized-experimental investigation on the melting performance of PCM in 3D printed metal foam

    Wang D.Wu H.Zhou Z.Hu Z....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdIn this article, a new composite phase change material (PCM) with metal foam based on three-dimensional (3D) printed technology has been proposed to reduce the structural parameter uncertainties of metal foam. The composite PCM melting performance was visualized systematically, while both the phase and temperature fields were obtained using photographic and infrared technology. The temperature variations of PCM at different distances from the heating surface on the same level as the internal wall were also captured. Experimental results indicated that: (i) the melting rate of the composite PCM could be significantly improved by 2.5 times when adding 3D printed ALSI10MG aluminium alloy metal foam with a porosity of 0.838; (ii) the phase change interface (PCI) and the temperature contour is similar to that of the metal foam frame; (iii) the enhancement of heat conduction of metal foam is greater than its hindrance to natural convection in composite PCM; (iv) the contact thermal resistance perpendicular to the heat transfer direction could slow down the phase change rate; (v) local thermal non-equilibrium exists between the 3D printed metal foam and PCM. The metal foam fabricated by 3D printed technology has the ability to enhance the heat transfer for composite PCM.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of lithium-ion battery diameter on thermal runaway propagation rate under one-dimensional linear arrangement

    Wang Z.Ke W.Zhou B.Wang W....
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThe number of related fire accidents is gradually increasing due to the extensive use of LIBs. In this paper, a series of tests were set up to investigate the influence of the diameter of cylindrical lithium battery on the thermal runaway propagation rate. The battery diameter is between 10 mm and 21 mm. Batteries in the modules is a one-dimensional linear arrangement. Results indicate that the thermal runaway development process of a battery with a one-dimensional linear arrangement is quite different from a single battery. The “Warm-up phase” in the battery module is the main reason. The battery diameter affects the parameters of thermal runaway propagation. With the increase of LIB diameter, thermal runaway propagation time increase gradually. Relationship between the dimensional diameter (B*) and the dimensional thermal runaway propagation rate (v*) was obtained. The accuracy of the model is verified by batteries from test data from different manufacturers.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A descriptive review of the thermal transport mechanisms in mono and hybrid nanofluid-filled heat pipes and current developments

    Kumar Gupta N.Pandey H.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdHeat pipes are phase change-based passive heat transfer devices currently being used across a wide range of applications. The mono and hybrid nanofluids are advanced heat transfer fluids that have huge potential to augment the thermal performance of the heat pipes. This review paper emphasizes the enhancement achieved in the thermal performance of the heat pipes using mono and hybrid nanofluid as working fluids. The current study is of great importance since it summarizes the results of the studies reported on mono and hybrid nanofluid-based heat pipes in last five years. In the current study, thermal transport mechanisms responsible for the change in thermal performance of heat pipes using nanofluids are identified. The identified thermal transport mechanisms have been analysed extensively and novel inter-relations are discussed. The current study also summarizes different operating and design parameters that have been found to influence the thermal performance of the heat pipes. The present work is beyond the current state of the art and contributes in further understanding of the nanofluid filled heat pipe technology.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Effect of surfactant on stability, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of aluminium oxide–methanol nanofluids for heat transfer applications

    Rasul M.G.Nabi M.N.Mostafizur R.M.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdNanofluids, suspension of nanoparticles, perform better in heat transfer applications due to their excellent thermal properties over conventional heat-transfer fluids. In this study, the stability of Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) methanol nanofluids and their thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity (TC), viscosity, and density) are experimentally investigated. Various surfactants and nanoparticles were suspended into methanol and sonicated to stabilise the suspension at different weight fractions (0.05–0.15 wt%) of the nanoparticles and surfactants. The stability was analysed for the same ratios of different wt.% of nanoparticles and surfactants as a function of time. All the experiments were carried out at a temperature of 298 °K. Nanofluids characterisation, zeta potential and physical observations revealed 0.10 wt% of Al2O3–methanol with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant nanofluids were stable for more than 180 days (6 months). The experimental results found that the TC, viscosity, and density of Al2O3–methanol nanofluids were all an increasing function of wt.% of nanoparticles. The addition of surfactant into the Al2O3–methanol nanofluids slightly affects the TC, viscosity, and density. The maximum enhancement of TC with surfactant was found to be 13.7% which was 1.4% lower than without surfactant of Al2O3–methanol nanofluids. However, the Al2O3–methanol nanofluids were more stable and had enhanced thermal properties such as (TC, viscosity, and density) over the base fluid. Therefore, the results encourage using these nanofluids in heat transfer applications.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A comprehensive comparison and accuracy of different methods to obtain mean radiant temperature in indoor environment

    Turhan C.Ozbey M.F.
    5页
    查看更多>>摘要：? 2022 Elsevier LtdThermal comfort is defined as “the state of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment” by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers in the standard of the ASHRAE-55. Thermal comfort is affected by six main parameters which are split into two categories; personal (basic clothing insulation value and metabolic rate) and environmental (air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature) parameters. The mean radiant temperature is a problematic parameter in thermal comfort studies due to its complexity. The mean radiant temperature approaches are based on different techniques such as calculation methods, measurement methods, and assumptions. Although the assumptions are utilized by researchers to abstain complexity, their accuracies are uncertain. To this aim, this study purposes to find the accuracies of calculation and assumption methods by comparing with reference measurement method. An office building in a temperate climate zone is selected as a case study. Two calculation methods and eight assumptions on obtaining mean radiant temperature are compared via in-situ measurements. The results revealed that using assumptions or calculation methods to obtain the mean radiant temperature caused a significant error compared to the reference method and researchers should consider accuracies of these methods before utilizing them in their applications.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier