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Journal of analytical & applied pyrolysis
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.
Journal of analytical & applied pyrolysis

Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.

0165-2370

Journal of analytical & applied pyrolysis/Journal Journal of analytical & applied pyrolysis
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    Pyrolysis and oxidation characteristics and energy self-sustaining process design of retired wind turbine blades

    Zhang Y.Zhang Z.Ma W.Li L....
    1.1-1.12页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024Pyrolysis offers a straightforward method to extract valuable glass fiber from retired wind turbine blades, showing great potential for resource utilization. Experimental findings reveal that calorific value of pyrolysis gas increases with pyrolysis temperatures between 400 and 700 ℃. When the solid product obtained was oxidized at 500 ℃ for 40 minutes, clean glass fiber products can be obtained. Based on it, a new pyrolysis process for retired wind turbine blades and clean glass fiber recovery was designed using Aspen Plus software. By comparing the influence of pyrolysis temperatures, the stability and flexibility of the system were analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the pyrolysis temperature within the range of 400–700 ℃ can fully achieve energy self-sufficiency of the system, and excess heat can be stored by heating molten salts with high heat capacity. In practical applications, it is recommended to set the pyrolysis temperature and oxidation temperature at approximately 500 ℃, thereby further improving the economic efficiency of the system. This pyrolysis and recovery process can significantly improve its economic efficiency through energy self-sustaining system optimization, marking a significant contribution to the sustainable and economic management of retired wind turbine blade resources.
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    Experimental and numerical investigation on pyrolysis and combustion behavior of biomass bast fibers: Hemp, flax and ramie fibers

    Yu H.Wang J.Xu Z.Zou B....
    1.1-1.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024As an important renewable biomass material, bast fiber of crops has various application values. However, its flammable and decomposable characteristics bring challenges to its storage and practical applications. In this work, a steady-state tube furnace (SSTF) was built independently. And the pyrolysis and combustion behavior of three typical bast fibers: hemp, flax, and ramie were systematically studied. Among them, the total heat release of hemp and ramie was about 49.4 % higher than that of flax. And the average CO content of flax and ramie were 35.2 % and 39.5 % lower than hemp, respectively. Data-based fire hazard assessment illustrated that the hemp had the highest fire hazard. A Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based four-step reaction model was proposed and accurately predicted the pyrolysis process of bast fibers (Fdev≤0.016). Furthermore, the pyrolysis products of bast fibers were studied based on TG-FTIR and PY-GC-MS. On this basis, the possible production mechanism of pyrolysis products was proposed. This work will provide a reference for research on pyrolysis and combustion of biomass.
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    A comprehensively experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of tetrahydropyran pyrolysis and oxidation in a jet-stirred reactor

    Wang H.Sun X.Zhou Y.Zhao X....
    1.1-1.15页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.Tetrahydropyran (THP), a kind of promising green cyclic-ether fuel derived from biomass, exhibits excellent resistance to autoignition characteristics and can be used as an alternative fuel or fuel additive to improve combustion efficiency as well as reduce harmful emissions. To further reveal insights into its high-temperature decomposition and low-and intermediate temperature oxidation behaviors closely related the deflagration to detonation in spark ignition engines, the comprehensive investigation of experiments and detailed kinetic modeling of THP were performed in the present work. The experiments at two equivalence ratios, i.e. ϕ = ∞ (pyrolysis) and ϕ = 1.0, were carried out in a jet-stirred quartz reactor at 1.0 atm and 733–1148 K. More than ten substances were identified and quantified by GC and GC/MS, including small hydrocarbons, oxygenated and stable products. A detailed kinetic model of THP pyrolysis and oxidation was developed by incorporating the O2 additions of fuel radicals and updating the rate constants of key reactions, and validated and showed the slight an improvement for the speciation profiles newly reported in this work and those available in the previous literature over a wide experimental range of 450–1260 K and 1.0–10.0 atm. Rate of production analysis indicated that the H-abstractions by H attacking are the important pathways governing THP reactivity with a minor contribution from C-C and C-O dissociations of ring-opening reactions in high-temperature pyrolysis, whereas the H-abstractions triggered by OH and HO2 largely control fuel consumption in low- and intermediate temperature oxidation. The formed three tetrahydropyranyls, especially α-tetrahydropyranyl, will proceed to decompose into acyclic C5H9O radicals via C-O and C-C β-scissions or C5H9OO2-2 intermediates via O2 addition in THP pyrolysis and oxidation, as the main source of small species. For the unique aromatics detected during the pyrolysis, the combination reactions of C2 + C4 unsaturated hydrocarbons predominantly determinate their generation. This work provides new experimental data and further analyses for understanding the pyrolysis and oxidation chemistry of THP and sheds light on directions for future practical application.
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    Recovery of value-added compounds through fast pyrolysis of apple pomace hydrochar

    Karod M.Goldfarb J.L.Orton K.A.Harman-Ware A.E....
    1.1-1.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.The environmental challenges associated with food production can be addressed via the thermochemical upcycling of agro-industrial biomass. Two such methods, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis, can be coupled to first reduce the water content of wet biomass wastes by producing a hydrochar (HC) via HTC and then a bio-oil via pyrolysis of the HC. However, HTC of biomass results in the formation of secondary char (SC), an amorphous tar-like mixture resulting from organic compounds released into the aqueous phase that adsorb, recondense and polymerize on the parent biomass. This study investigated how HTC temperature impacts the formation of SC from apple pomace and the SC's subsequent impact on fast pyrolysis products. HCs were produced at temperatures of 175°C, 200°C, and 250°C. Lower HTC temperatures favor the formation of biorefinery platform chemicals such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid, while higher temperatures result in increased lignin degradation products (i.e., phenolics). HCs were subjected to fast pyrolysis before and after SC extraction in two analytical pyrolysis instruments. Fast pyrolysis of HC produced compounds similar to those found in SC, but with variations in CO and CO2 emissions. The combination of SC extraction and fast pyrolysis demonstrates promise for recovering value-added compounds from agro-industrial waste biomass while retaining a solid char for fuel and carbon management.
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    Ipoma batatas (sweet potato) leaf and leaf-based biochar as potential adsorbents for procion orange MX-2R removal from aqueous solution

    Jabar J.M.Adebayo M.A.Taleat T.A.A.Yilmaz M....
    1.1-1.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.The industrial sector of textile effluent discharge comprised majorly of toxic pollutants of synthetic dyes. Lignocellulosic based biomass is a potential precursor for the preparation of biochar type adsorbent for treating wastewater. The present research examined the leaf of Ipoma batatas in the synthesis and application of biochar in the adsorptive removal of procion orange MX-2R (PO) from aqueous solution. The Ipoma batatas biochar (IBB) was prepared from the treatment of Ipoma batatas leaf (IBL) biomass with CaCl2, further activation using microwave-assisted electromagnetic radiation and pyrolysis approach. The batch adsorption assessments of the process parameters were performed with the range of experimental conditions such as initial PO concentration of 1.0–70.0 mg/L, adsorption contact time up to 240 min, solution pH 1.0–11.0, IBL/IBB dosage 0.05–0.30 g/L and adsorption temperature of 303–333 K. The total surface area of IBB exhibited high value of 1175.47 m2/g compared to that of IBL surface area 439.25 m2/g. The equilibrium model analysis showed the adsorption capacity according to Liu model presents 221.20 mg/g (IBL) and 750.80 mg/g (IBB). This study showed the potential of IBB over IBL towards the adsorptive removal of PO from simulated solution.
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    Studying the trimethylsilylation of alkylcatechols in Asian lacquers by analytical pyrolysis coupled with online micro-reaction sampler

    Tamburini D.Palmas F.Campi C.Bonaduce I....
    1.1-1.8页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 The AuthorsAsian lacquers are natural polymers obtained from the sap of trees of the Anacardiaceae family. Their main chemical components are long-chain alkylcatechols that form a complex polymeric network upon curing. Analytical pyrolysis is the most powerful tool to study these polymers from a chemical point of view. However, derivatisation of polar pyrolysis products, especially alkylcatechols, is needed to ensure their detection by gas chromatographic techniques. In this study, in situ trimethylsilylation using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) applied to the pyrolysis of urushi (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) and thitsi (Gluta usitata) lacquers was investigated to address the issue of partial derivatisation of alkylcatechols in flash pyrolysis conditions. By using an online micro-reaction sampler (MRS) coupled to pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), the derivatisation reaction was studied under controlled conditions. The reaction time between HMDS and lacquer pyrolysis products generated at 400 °C was investigated, proving that 12 s is sufficient for the complete trimethylsilylation of alkylcatechols. This information is crucial to understand the factors affecting in situ derivatisation, showing that slightly extending the contact time between the derivatising agent and the pyrolysis products is a relatively easy solution to partial derivatisation deriving from steric hindrance. This optimised procedure yields simpler chromatograms compared to flash pyrolysis and has high potential for the enhanced characterisation of these materials and the detection of lacquer molecular markers in samples containing complex mixtures of organic materials.
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    Investigation in the pyrolysis of polyester coated on aluminum-based beverage: Thermodynamic properties, product and mechanism

    Yu Z.-Q.Huang Z.Shan R.Yuan H.-R....
    1.1-1.10页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.Aluminum cans are typical solid waste. Polyester coatings not only polluted the environment, but also affected the quality of aluminum recycling. In this study, three common local polyester coatings on the surface of aluminum cans were selected as raw materials (PC-PB, PC-VY and PC-SG). Thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS) were used to study the pyrolysis behavior and pyrolysis products of the polymer components coated on the aluminum cans. TG analysis showed that pyrolysis of the coatings mainly occurred at 250–540 °C, with a weight loss of about 25 % for the polyester coating PC-PB and PC-VG, and a lower weight loss of 15 % for polyester coating PC-SY. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis products of polyester coatings was investigated using PY-GC/MS. The results showed that the main products of pyrolysis included four major groups: oxygenated compounds, aromatic compounds, nitrogenous compounds and aliphatic hydrocarbons. At 600 °C, the aromatic compounds, oxide-containing reached 57–67 % and 20–27 %, respectively. The main pyrolysis products include neopentyl glycol, phthalic anhydride, toluene, styrene and so on. The high content of aromatic compounds in the product can be used as chemical raw materials as well as alternative fuels. In addition, the pyrolysis principles of the three main components of polyester coatings (polyester resins, amino resins, and styrene-acrylic resins) were postulated.
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    Unravelling the multifarious role of wood vinegar made from waste biomass in plant growth promotion, biotic stress tolerance, and sustainable agriculture

    Kumar S.Singh S.P.Rahman M.Bouket A.C....
    1.1-1.30页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.The population of the world has increased intensively, and sustainable agriculture practices are important in achieving the zero-hunger goal. The agriculture sector is constantly facing serious problems caused by climate change and the occurrence of pesticide-resistant causal agents. In this context, one of the most crucial eco-friendly approaches, e.g., using plant-derived bioproducts, is gaining more attraction because they have multifarious potential to overcome challenges. Wood vinegar (WV) or pyroligneous acid (PA) is a liquid biomaterial that is produced by the thermo-pyrolysis process of woody biomass and it was defined as a reddish-brown aqueous liquid that contains methanol, acetic acid, tars, and wood oils by the distillation process of woods. PA production and their application in agricultural fields, have attracted more attention recently because they may work as good bio-stimulants, biopesticides, and biofertilizers. Therefore, it may open a novel, promising window for agriculture and food production. PA has a significant role in elevating plant agronomic activities such as seed germination and vigor index, plant growth, nutritional value, and crop yields. This review aims to discuss in detail the following items: 1) The composition of wood vinegar and its production system; 2) Seed priming with the PA process; 3) Investigation of the role of PA in plant growth promotion activities, biocontrol potential, and its applications for alleviating biotic stresses; 4) Describe the molecular mode of action of PA in suppressing plant diseases causal agents and promoting plant immunity through a well-illustrated diagram; 5) Evaluation of PA role in soil physicochemical, biological, and enzymatic activities and its impact on improving compost quality and curtailing emissions of green house gasses; 6) PA different advantages and limitations, as well as future perspectives for its usage and development.
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    Development of hierarchical ZSM-11 for synthesis of light olefins from crude oil

    Waqas M.Qureshi Z.S.Siddiqui M.A.Aitani A....
    1.1-1.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.ZSM-11 is recognized as a shape-selective catalyst in various industrial processes; however, the significance of hierarchical ZSM-11 in the direct conversion of crude oil to light olefins remains unexplored. Herein, we report a template-directed hydrothermal method to synthesize hierarchical ZSM-11 zeolite with varying secondary mesopore sizes, acidities, and morphologies. The synthesis strategy controlled the development of uniform nanorods or accumulating nanosized zeolites with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios of 30, 35, and 70. The developed two-dimensional 10-membered ring straight channels ZSM-11 catalyst were employed firstly for the steam catalytic cracking of light crude oil to produce light olefins (C2-C4). Amongst the various developed catalysts, ZSM-11(35), a hierarchical zeolite with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 35, outperformed in terms of crude oil cracking conversion (∼66.5 %) and selectivity to C2-C4 light olefins (44.1 %). In comparison to diffusion over sinusoidal channels in ZSM-5, ZSM-11 zeolite with tortuous and straight channels facilitated rapid mass transport at low coke deposition.
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    Comprehensive study on co-pyrolysis mechanisms of sewage sludge and low rank coal under rapid/slow heating conditions

    Liu C.Shen Z.Zhang H.He G....
    1.1-1.13页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier B.V.Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and low rank bituminous coal (BC) was considered as an effective technology in realising the co-resource utilization and disposal of municipal waste. The current work focused on the co-pyrolysis characteristics and synergistic mechanisms under rapid/slow heating conditions, with experimental and analytical methods of the thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry (TG-MS), gas chromatography (GC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the heating rate and mixing ratio of SS and BC caused different yields of the co-pyrolysis products. The gas products performed different releasing rules with the effect of mixing ratio of SS and BC, and the different stages during the slow pyrolysis were defined in terms of weight loss and product release. Under the rapid heating condition, the gas product yield in the experiment was found to be consistently higher than the theoretical yield, regardless of the mixing ratio. The addition of SS in the mixtures would increase the yield content of CO2 and high calorific gases (C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) and reduce H2, CO, and CH4. The intensities and widths of the absorption peaks of functional groups such as O-H, C-H, C=O and C=C in the char decreased. The morphology, pore structure, and particle size distribution of the pyrolyzed samples were compared and analysed. Kinetic analysis was carried out according to different stages of slow pyrolysis. Finally, the synergistic effect and mechanism of the co-pyrolysis were comprehensively compared and revealed under slow/rapid heating conditions.
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