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Physical review letters
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Physical review letters

American Physical Society

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    Synchronization, Desynchronization, and Intermediate Regime of Breathing Solitons and Soliton Molecules in a Laser Cavity

    Wu, XiuqiPeng, JunsongBoscolo, SoniaFinot, Christophe...
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：We report on the experimental and numerical observations of synchronization and desynchronization of bound states of multiple breathing solitons (breathing soliton molecules) in an ultrafast fiber laser. In the desynchronization regime, although the breather molecules as wholes are not synchronized to the cavity, the individual breathers within a molecule are synchronized to each other with a delay (lag synchronization). An intermediate regime between the synchronization and desynchronization phases is also observed, featuring self-modulation of the synchronized state. This regime may also occur in other systems displaying synchronization. Breathing soliton molecules in a laser cavity open new avenues for the study of nonlinear synchronization dynamics.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Critical Percolation in the Ordering Kinetics of Twisted Nematic Phases

    Almeida, Renan A. L.
    1.1-1.6页
    查看更多>>摘要：I report on the experimental confirmation that critical percolation statistics underlie the ordering kinetics of twisted nematic phases in the Allen-Cahn universality class. Soon after the ordering starts from a homogeneous disordered phase and proceeds toward a broken Z(2)-symmetry phase, the system seems to be attracted to the random percolation fixed point at a special timescale t(p). At this time, exact formulas for crossing probabilities in percolation theory agree with the corresponding probabilities in the experimental data. The ensuing evolution for the number density of hull-enclosed areas is described by an exact expression derived from a percolation model endowed with curvature-driven interface motion. Scaling relation for hull-enclosed areas versus perimeters reveals that the fractal percolation geometry is progressively morphed into a regular geometry up to the order of the classical coarsening length. In view of its universality and experimental possibilities, the study opens a path for exploring percolation keystones in the realm of nonequilibrium, phase-ordering systems.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Effects of Electrons on Nuclear Clock Transition Frequency in 229 Th Ions

    Dzuba, V. A.Flambaum, V. V.
    1.1-1.5页
    查看更多>>摘要：We perform calculations of the energy shift of the nuclear clock transition frequency Th-229 as a function of the number of electrons in Th ion. We demonstrate that the dependence of the nuclear frequency on electron configuration is significant, for example, removing one electron from the atom leads to relative shift of the nuclear frequency similar to 10(-7), which is 12 orders of magnitude larger than the expected relative uncertainty of the nuclear clock transition frequency (similar to 10(-19)). This leads to the difference of the nuclear clock frequencies in Th IV, Th III, Th II, and Th I. The relative change of the nuclear frequency between neutral Th and its bare nucleus is 1%. We also calculate the field shift constants for isotopic and isomeric shifts of atomic electron transitions in Th ions.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Exceptional Entanglement Phenomena: Non-Hermiticity Meeting Nonclassicality

    Han, Pei-RongWu, FanHuang, Xin-JieWu, Huai-Zhi...
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Non-Hermitian (NH) extension of quantum-mechanical Hamiltonians represents one of the most significant advancements in physics. During the past two decades, numerous captivating NH phenomena have been revealed and demonstrated, but all of which can appear in both quantum and classical systems. This leads to the fundamental question: what NH signature presents a radical departure from classical physics? The solution of this problem is indispensable for exploring genuine NH quantum mechanics, but remains experimentally untouched so far. Here, we resolve this basic issue by unveiling distinct exceptional entanglement phenomena, exemplified by an entanglement transition, occurring at the exceptional point of NH interacting quantum systems. We illustrate and demonstrate such purely quantum-mechanical NH effects with a naturally dissipative light-matter system, engineered in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture. Our results lay the foundation for studies of genuinely quantum-mechanical NH physics, signified by exceptional-point-enabled entanglement behaviors.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Higher-Order Topological Peierls Insulator in a Two-Dimensional Atom-Cavity System

    Fraxanet, JoanaDauphin, AlexandreLewenstein, MaciejBarbiero, Luca...
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this work, we investigate a two-dimensional system of ultracold bosonic atoms inside an optical cavity, and show how photon-mediated interactions give rise to a plaquette-ordered bond pattern in the atomic ground state. The latter corresponds to a 2D Peierls transition, generalizing the spontaneous bond dimerization driven by phonon-electron interactions in the 1D Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. Here the bosonic nature of the atoms plays a crucial role to generate the phase, as similar generalizations with fermionic matter do not lead to a plaquette structure. Similar to the SSH model, we show how this pattern opens a nontrivial topological gap in 2D, resulting in a higher-order topological phase hosting corner states, that we characterize by means of a many-body topological invariant and through its entanglement structure. Finally, we demonstrate how this higher-order topological Peierls insulator can be readily prepared in atomic experiments through adiabatic protocols. Our work thus shows how atomic quantum simulators can be harnessed to investigate novel strongly correlated topological phenomena beyond those observed in natural materials.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Direct Mass Measurements to Inform the Behavior of 128m Sb in Nucleosynthetic Environments

    Hoff, D. E. M.Kolos, K.Misch, G. W.Ray, D....
    1.1-1.6页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nuclear isomer effects are pivotal in understanding nuclear astrophysics, particularly in the rapid neutron-capture process where the population of metastable isomers can alter the radioactive decay paths of nuclei produced during astrophysical events. The beta-decaying isomer Sb-128m was identified as potentially impactful since the beta-decay pathway along the A = 128 isobar funnels into this state bypassing the ground state. We report the first direct mass measurements of the Sb-128 isomer and ground state using the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer at Argonne National Laboratory. We find mass excesses of -84564.8(25) keV and -84608.8(21) keV, respectively, resulting in an excitation energy for the isomer of 43.9(33) keV. These results provide the first key nuclear data input for understanding the role of Sb-128m in nucleosynthesis, and we show that it will influence the flow of the rapid neutron-capture process.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Photonic Spin Hopfions and Monopole Loops

    Wang, HaiwenFan, Shanhui
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Spin textures with various topological orders are of great theoretical and practical interest. Hopfion, a spin texture characterized by a three-dimensional topological order was recently realized in electronic spin systems. Here, we show that monochromatic light can be structured such that its photonic spin exhibits a hopfion texture in the three-dimensional real space. We also provide ways to construct spin textures of arbitrary Hopf charges. When extending the system to four dimensions by introducing a parameter dimension, a new type of topological defect in the form of a monopole loop in photonic spin is encountered. Each point on the loop is a topological spin defect in three dimensions, and the loop itself carries quantized Hopf charges. Such photonic spin texture and defect may find application in control and sensing of nanoparticles, and optical generation of topological texture in motions of particles or fluids.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Nucleon Sigma Terms with N f =2+1 Flavors of O(a)-Improved Wilson Fermions

    Agadjanov, A.Djukanovic, D.von Hippel, G.Meyer, H. B....
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：We present a lattice-QCD based analysis of the nucleon sigma terms using gauge ensembles with N-f = 2 + 1 flavors of O(a)-improved Wilson fermions, with a complete error budget concerning excited-state contaminations, the chiral interpolation as well as finite-size and lattice spacing effects. We compute the sigma terms determined directly from the matrix elements of the scalar currents. The chiral interpolation is based on SU(3) baryon chiral perturbation theory using the extended on-mass shell renormalization scheme. For the pion nucleon sigma term, we obtain sigma(pi N) = (43.7 +/- 3.6) MeV, where the error includes our estimate of the aforementioned systematics. The tension with extractions based on dispersion theory persists at the 2.4-sigma level. For the strange sigma term, we obtain a nonzero value, sigma(s) = (28.6 +/- 9.3) MeV.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Exact Large-Scale Fluctuations of the Phase Field in the Sine-Gordon Model

    Del Vecchio, Giuseppe Del VecchioKormos, MartonDoyon, BenjaminBastianello, Alvise...
    1.1-1.8页
    查看更多>>摘要：We present the first exact theory and analytical formulas for the large-scale phase fluctuations in the sine-Gordon model, valid in all regimes of the field theory, for arbitrary temperatures and interaction strengths. Our result is based on the ballistic fluctuation theory combined with generalized hydrodynamics, and can be seen as an exact "dressing" of the phenomenological soliton-gas picture first introduced by Sachdev and Young [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2220 (1997)], to the modes of generalized hydrodynamics. The resulting physics of phase fluctuations in the sine-Gordon model is qualitatively different, as the stable quasiparticles of integrability give coherent ballistic propagation instead of diffusive spreading. We provide extensive numerical checks of our analytical predictions within the classical regime of the field theory by using Monte Carlo methods. We discuss how our results are of ready applicability to experiments on tunnel-coupled quasicondensates.
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    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc

    Probing Small Bjorken-x Nuclear Gluonic Structure via Coherent J/ψ Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at √s NN =5.02 TeV

    Tumasyan, A.Adam, W.Andrejkovic, J. W.Bergauer, T....
    1.1-1.22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Quasireal photons exchanged in relativistic heavy ion interactions are powerful probes of the gluonic structure of nuclei. The coherent J/psi photoproduction cross section in ultraperipheral lead-lead collisions is measured as a function of photon-nucleus center-of-mass energies per nucleon (W-gamma N(Pb)) over a wide range of 40 < W-gamma N(Pb) < 400 GeV. Results are obtained using data at the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.52 nb(-1). The cross section is observed to rise rapidly at low WPb.N, and plateau above W-gamma N(Pb) approximate to 40 GeV, up to 400 GeV, entering a new regime of small Bjorken-x (approximate to 6 x 10(-5)) gluons being probed in a heavy nucleus. The observed energy dependence is not predicted by current quantum chromodynamic models.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Amer Physical Soc