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Climate policy
Elsevier Science
Climate policy

Elsevier Science

1469-3062

Climate policy/Journal Climate policySSCIISSHP
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    Understanding vulnerability and building resilience in small-scale fisheries: the case of Davao Gulf, Philippines

    Macusi, Edison D.Diampon, Dindo O.Macusi, Erna S.
    1-14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Global fisheries face a significant crisis, including overexploitation of fishing grounds, marine pollution, and climate change impacts. This paper aims to assess the effects of climate change impacts and the resilience of small-scale fishers (SSF) in Davao Gulf. It investigates the effects of climate change impacts, vulnerabilities, and resilience of small-scale fishers in Governor Generoso, Lupon, Malita, Sta Maria, Don Marcelino, and Davao City using focus group discussion (FGDs) (N = 9) to identify and understand climate change resilience among participants (N = 135). The results showed that all small-scale fishing communities experienced at least two to three climate hazards i.e. northeast monsoon (Amihan), southwest monsoon (Habagat), and typhoons, which bring fierce winds and heavy rains that cause flooding. Moreover, due to the availability of an alternative non-fishing income such as driving and construction work, carpentry, or other manual labour opportunities, fishers are able to recover and recoup the days lost fishing due to climate-related hazards. The policy analysis suggests that the government should provide social benefits, such as free medical check-ups, medicines, decent housing, and water, to keep fishers and fishing communities productive and healthy. In addition, local government should create seasonal jobs and replacement of fishing gear should be given to fishers to increase their resilience.HighlightsSmall-scale fishing communities experienced two to three climate-related hazards annually e.g. northeast monsoon (Amihan), southwest monsoon (Habagat), and typhoons; these hazards bring flooding which can result in illness e.g. dysentery, leptospirosis;Fishing communities are disrupted by these hazards and clamour for alternative jobs to ensure their livelihoods, and more inclusive social benefits from the government could deliver large benefits;Community resiliency can be enhanced as a solution to cope with climate change impacts by raising awareness, training and disaster preparedness; stronger local policies can empower affected people and communities to act in a timely way.
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    • NETL
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    • Taylor & Francis

    The politics of phasing out fossil fuels: party positions and voter reactions in Norway

    Egli, FlorianKnecht, NieljaSigurdsson, FrideSewerin, Sebastian...
    15-28页
    查看更多>>摘要：To mitigate climate change, fossil fuels need to be phased out, but political parties may fear a voter backlash when implementing the required policies. We investigate whether such backlash occurred in Norway, a multi-party democracy reliant on a large petroleum sector. Specifically, we analyse whether the loss of jobs in the petroleum industry due to the 2014 crash of the international oil price has influenced political support for the petroleum sector. Using data from party manifestos, we find that party positions on the petroleum sector remained constant over time even during an industry downturn. Pro-petroleum parties capitalized on the oil price shock by increasing their vote shares. However, the reaction remained local and confined to parties whose voters are not overwhelmingly concerned with other subjects, such as immigration. The voter gains enjoyed by pro-petroleum parties did not arise at the expense of pro-fossil fuel phaseout parties; instead, it was parties with an ambiguous position on the issue that incurred losses. Hence, multi-party politics of fossil fuel phaseouts are complex and taking a pro-phaseout position may not be politically costly.Party positions on the fossil fuel industry stayed relatively constant over time in Norway and do not follow the traditional left/right cleavage.Pro-petroleum parties gained local vote shares from a rapid industry decline, unless a different, populist issue overshadowed their position on the fossil fuel industry.Pro-phaseout parties did not incur the corresponding losses, rather parties without a clear issue position lost vote shares.It is likely that political costs associated with fossil fuel phaseouts are higher in countries with less sophisticated social welfare systems than Norway.
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    • Taylor & Francis

    Ambitious climate targets and emission reductions in cities: a configurational analysis

    Roggero, MatteoFjornes, JanEisenack, Klaus
    29-43页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cities have become increasingly vocal in addressing climate change, crafting climate mitigation strategies, and committing to ambitious emission reductions. Previous studies found no evidence that ambitious targets, analyzed as a single factor, translate into actual emission reductions in cities. Yet, is this still the case if ambitious targets are analyzed in combination with other institutional and socioeconomic factors? We carry out a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of all cities reporting their emissions to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) where data are available for at least four years between 2000 and 2020. The analysis tests whether ambitious emission reduction targets, in conjunction with size, affluence, and favourable domestic enabling conditions are systematically associated with substantial emission reductions. Results show different configurations leading to emission reductions. In some configurations, ambitious targets are redundant or counterproductive. In other configurations, ambitious targets are necessary to achieve emission reductions. These results call for greater attention to cities' heterogeneity when studying urban climate governance.Three configurations seem systematically associated with downward emission trends: being large and affluent; being small and without ambitious emission reduction targets; and being large, with ambitious emission reduction targets but without favourable domestic enabling conditions.Ambitious emission targets and favourable conditions at the national level seem redundant for emission reductions in cities that are both large and affluent. These cities seem to achieve emission reductions regardless of the presence of ambitious targets.Small cities need to cooperate with other actors to reduce emissions and therefore need to be pragmatic and strategic in setting their targets.Large cities may need to set ambitious targets to exploit the benefits of their size for emission reduction. This seems to be necessary when they are lacking favourable conditions at the national level.
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    • Taylor & Francis

    Reducing social vulnerability to climate change: the role of microfinance organisations

    Nuruzzaman, A. K. M.Graham, SoniaBarnett, Jon
    44-58页
    查看更多>>摘要：In theory, the work of microfinance organisations (MFOs) should help to reduce social vulnerability to climate change, and there is growing interest in using microfinance for this purpose. However, evidence of a relationship between MFOs and social vulnerability is limited and piecemeal, as is knowledge of which of their various services associate with the diverse dimensions of vulnerability. This paper investigates the role that MFOs play in reducing social vulnerability to climate change in Bangladesh, a country that has both a long history of microfinance services and many people who are acutely vulnerable to climate change. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interviews with 60 households across four villages in a disaster-prone coastal area in the south-west of Bangladesh. The results indicate that households who have engaged with at least one MFO have less social vulnerability than those who have not, and that the principal ways in which MFOs help reduce social vulnerability are through helping households to save regularly, providing vocational training, and facilitating participation in diverse social groups. Yet climate hazards can undermine these positive benefits, such as when cyclones damage infrastructure for which housholds still have outstanding loans. There are also households for whom accessing MFOs is difficult, such as those with very low levels of education or with chronic health issues. Such limitations need to be addressed if microfinance organisations are to provide more comprehensive and long-term reductions in social vulnerability to climate change.
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    • NETL
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    • Taylor & Francis

    Evaluating policy coherence and integration for adaptation: the case of EU policies and Arctic cross-border climate change impacts

    Kivimaa, PaulaHilden, MikaelCarter, Timothy R.Mosoni, Claire...
    59-75页
    查看更多>>摘要：The impacts of climate change materialize in different ways and are of varying magnitudes at different locations around the world. Adaptation is a global policy challenge because some of those impacts propagate across borders. The presence of borders influences the policy responses that may aim at preventing, alleviating, or exploiting the impacts. Yet the dynamics of responses to cross-border impacts have not been explored in research on policy coherence. We extend the analysis of climate policy coherence and integration to cover adaptation policies that are enacted at different but interacting geographical locations, proposing a conceptual approach how to do this. We illustrate our approach with examples of European Union (EU) policies related to the cross-border ramifications of climate change impacts originating in the Arctic. Our example highlights interconnections between climate change adaptation policy with foreign, security and trade policies. Since climate change impacts are transmitted through systems that cross borders, policymakers in the EU and elsewhere should recognize the links between policy domains with potential significance in responding to these propagating impacts. The policy responses of a recipient region at risk of such impacts are limited by jurisdictional borders. By explicitly recognizing elements of integration and coherence, more effective policy actions can be developed. Seeking coherence between climate and other policies between different regions, intertwined together via global networks of trade and other relations, should be a fundamental policy goal for the EU.New policies are needed to address the climate change impacts that are transmitted across jurisdictional borders.Coherence across policy domains that deal with cross-border issues helps in planning effective policy actions to address the challenges posed by cross-border climate change impacts.Integration of climate policy into other policy domains facilitates policy coherence by building a common base across policies and borders.Coherence of adaptation with other policies may be lacking, for example, when responding to opportunities and risks that climate change creates for resource exploitation.
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    • Taylor & Francis

    EU's sustainable finance disclosure regulation: does the hybrid reporting regime undermine the goal to reorient capital to climate action?

    Cochran, IanMackenzie, CraigBrander, Matthew
    76-88页
    查看更多>>摘要：Disclosure and reporting are cornerstones of the European Union's sustainable finance agenda with the goals of reorienting capital flows towards climate and other sustainable investments and minimizing greenwashing. A key component of the regulatory framework is the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), which requires fund managers to calculate and disclose a 'sustainable investment' (SI) percentage, aggregating exposure to activities contributing to climate mitigation and adaptation and the other environmental and social sustainability objectives of the European Union. In turn, financial advisors must use SI percentages when advising customers under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II. Defining 'sustainable investments' in a robust and consistent way is crucial to the effectiveness of SFDR. Based on a review of the regulatory texts and financial sector participant observations this policy analysis article explores the overlapping guidelines framing how market participants are allowed to define sustainable investments, and the implications for achieving the goals of the sustainable finance agenda. The analysis suggests that the 'unintentionally hybrid' SFDR regime may perversely incentivize fund managers to forgo the use of the highly detailed EU Taxonomy rules-based approach that precisely defines climate-related 'substantial contributions' and apply the vague principles-based approach found in SFDR Article 2.17. This would allow each financial actor to define and determine independently what constitutes a sustainable investment, circumventing the robust, if imperfect, climate-related rules of the EU Taxonomy. The SFDR regime therefore risks undermining the European Commission's stated goals of increasing capital allocation to sustainable activities and eliminating greenwashing.
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    • Taylor & Francis

    Taking stock of carbon dioxide removal policy in emerging economies: developments in Brazil, China, and India

    Schenuit, FelixBrutschin, ElinaGeden, OliverGuo, Fei...
    89-108页
    查看更多>>摘要：Deliberately removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is an important element of bringing mitigation pathways in line with the climate goals of the Paris Agreement. To reach global net-zero CO2 emissions and limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C with no or limited overshoot, global mitigation pathways assessed by IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report require some world regions to achieve net-negative CO2 emissions with large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) deployment. This raises important questions about the availability and feasibility of CDR deployment in different societal and political contexts.This paper therefore combines an analysis of CDR deployment in a sample of scenarios from the IPCC AR6 database with a bottom-up analysis of the state of CDR governance and policy in countries considered key in scaling up CDR capacity and not yet covered by existing research. In particular, the paper focuses on Brazil, China, and India as important emerging economies and large emitters. We highlight the expected use of CDR methods in those regions in scenarios and systematically assess and compare the level of CDR regulation and innovation across these countries. This comparative perspective has the potential to broaden the understanding of existing and emerging CDR policies and politics.The synthesis of the case studies provides three key contributions to existing literature: First, we explore the state of CDR governance and policymaking in key emerging economies. As in OECD countries, there is a notable lack of CDR regulation and innovation to enable the scale of CDR required in the short- and medium term. Second, we identify that repurposing policies is a key type of emerging CDR policymaking in these countries targeting CDR methods in the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector. We find that the repurposing efforts strengthen the level of regulation and innovation for this group of methods. Third, we explore three building blocks (regional differentiation, delay of upscaling, sustainability thresholds) of plausible CDR deployment narratives that could help bridge integrated assessment models and comparative case studies in future research.As in OECD countries, there is a notable lack of CDR regulation and innovation to enable CDR scale-up in Brazil, China, and India, questioning the political feasibility of existing scenarios.CDR policy is not starting from scratch, existing policy instruments - especially in the LULUCF sector - can be repurposed to strengthen the level of CDR regulation and innovation.While policies and regulations for CCS-based CDR are lacking in China, Brazil and India, the level of regulation for LULUCF-based CDR is higher.Comparative case studies can inform emerging CDR policy and governance at national and international levels, as well as exogenous CDR deployment narratives for future integrated assessment modelling.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis

    Principles for embedded emissions accounting to support trade-related climate policy

    White, Lee V.Aisbett, EmmaPearce, OscarCheng, Wenting...
    109-125页
    查看更多>>摘要：Climate policy - though shaped by international regimes - has traditionally been heavily domestic in practice. Accordingly, public emissions accounting frameworks have been designed to support policies targeting emitting processes within the territory, and to facilitate the production of National Accounts. Now, a combination of emissions leakage, competitiveness, and both investor and consumer concerns are driving the rapid emergence of policies targeting emissions embodied in traded products. To support these product-targeted policies, governments are investing in the development of public embedded emissions accounting frameworks (EEFs). While EEFs as an information instrument have enormous potential to support the transition to a net-zero global economy, they equally have the potential to inhibit trade, slow the transition, and have a disproportionate impact on developing countries - both through their design, and through potential incompatibilities between accounting developed in different jurisdictions. This article contributes to addressing these challenges by describing the minimum viable set of principles for an emissions accounting information instrument to be compatible with both international trade law and climate change mitigation regimes. To identify these design principles, our method is a systematic review of carbon accounting and trade law literature. Noting the prominent place of principles in guidelines for carbon accounting practice, we additionally extract principles identified in leading emissions accounting guidelines. Theory-based identification and analysis of these systematically extracted principles is used to develop the synthesized set of key principles for the design of public embedded emissions accounting schemes for traded products. Public agencies developing approaches for product emissions accounting, such as to meet requirements for carbon border adjustment mechanisms, could use these principles to guide design and negotiation.Public embedded emissions accounting frameworks (EEFs) are rapidly emerging policy instruments which sit at the intersection of the international climate and trade regimes.Development of a common set of design principles will be important to ensure that these frameworks support the goals of both regimes; specifically climate change mitigation and freer trade.Key principles from carbon accounting are accuracy, monotonicity, transparency, relevance, and conservativeness.Key principles from trade law are non-discrimination, least restrictive means, and subsidiarity.
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    • NETL
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    • Taylor & Francis

    Governing offshore wind: is an 'Asia-Pacific Model' emerging?

    Hughes, LlewelynCheng, WentingDo, Thang NamGao, Anton Ming-Zhi...
    126-136页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Asia-Pacific region is emerging as central to the deployment of offshore wind power. Large scale offshore wind involves complex governance challenges, and governments can choose to centralize and streamline processes enabling the construction of offshore wind farms. We develop a framework for comparing site selection and consenting processes for offshore wind farms, and examine whether a more streamlined and centralized model of offshore wind governance is emerging in the major Asia-Pacific markets of Japan, the People's Republic of China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. We also examine whether policy targets and framework legislation are used in these markets, and whether renumeration schemes are being applied. We find limited evidence of convergence in some aspects of offshore wind governance, but that governance models in the region remain diverse. We suggest there remains scope for facilitating learning across different Asia-Pacific markets as governments work to ensure the governance of siting and consenting meets the needs of stakeholders, while enabling offshore wind supports rapid low carbon energy transition goals.Deployment targets for offshore wind provide an important signal to developers about market potential, but targets need to be matched by the effective governance of siting and permitting.Centralization and streamlining of permitting processes can reduce complexity and risk for offshore wind developers.Governments in emerging Asia-Pacific offshore wind markets have adopted ambitious deployment targets, but siting processes are diverse and there is limited evidence of the streamlining of consenting processes.There is scope to enhance policy learning across Asia-Pacific offshore wind markets, while ensuring siting and consenting meet the needs of all stakeholders.
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    • Taylor & Francis

    Pilot policies for low-carbon cities in China: a study of the impact on green finance development and energy carbon efficiency

    Gao, JiazhanHua, GuihongHuo, BaofengRandhawa, AbidAli...
    137-152页
    查看更多>>摘要：Improving the efficiency of energy carbon emissions (ECEE) is crucial for China's pursuit of high-quality development. This paper assesses the low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCPP) as a strategic measure to enhance ECEE and its alignment with global efforts to mitigate climate change. By analyzing panel data from 205 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2016, this study evaluates the LCCPP's effectiveness and its spatial spillover effects on ECEE. Results indicate a 6.5% increase in ECEE in pilot cities compared to non-pilot counterparts, with these findings substantiated through extensive robustness checks. The analysis of underlying mechanisms reveals that the LCCPP boosts ECEE by promoting green finance and the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing. Furthermore, the policy's impact varies: it is more substantial in non-resource-based cities and in those with advanced green finance and synergistic industry agglomerations. Employing a spatial difference-in-differences approach, the study uncovers an inverted U-shaped pattern in the spillover effects of the LCCPP on ECEE, suggesting a nuanced regional influence of the policy. This research contributes to the understanding of policy-driven environmental improvements and their economic co-benefits within urban settings.This research provides policy implications for readjusting low-carbon city pilot policies (LCCPP) to unleash institutional dividends in promoting green development and addressing climate change.The significant increase in energy efficiency caused by the LCCPP highlights the critical role of policy interventions in China's green transformation.The differentiated impacts of LCCPP on cities with varying characteristics underscore the necessity for policy design and implementation to be cognizant of urban attributes such as whether the city is resource-based, the level of green finance development, and the level of synergistic agglomeration between producer services and manufacturing.This offers policymakers valuable insights into how financial instruments and industrial strategies can be leveraged to support low-carbon development.The LCCPP's impact on ECEE follows an inverted U-shape, initially boosting efficiency but diminishing with increased policy intensity or over time.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Taylor & Francis