首页期刊导航|Hydrology research: An international journal
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Hydrology research: An international journal
IWA Publishing
Hydrology research: An international journal

IWA Publishing

双月刊

1998-9563

Hydrology research: An international journal/Journal Hydrology research: An international journalSCIISTPEIAHCI
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    Conjunction of wavelet-entropy and SOM clustering for multi-GCM statistical downscaling

    Baghanam, Aida HosseiniNourani, VahidKeynejad, Mohammad-AliTaghipour, Hassan...
    1-23页
    查看更多>>摘要：Important issues in statistical downscaling of general circulation models (GCMs) is to select dominant large-scale climate data (predictors). This study developed a predictor screening framework, which integrates wavelet-entropy (WE) and self-organizing map (SOM) to downscale station rainfall. WEs were computed as the representatives of predictors and fed into the SOM to cluster the predictors. SOM-based clustering of predictors according to WEs could lead to physically meaningful selection of the dominant predictors. Then, artificial neural network (ANN) as the statistical downscaling method was developed. To assess the advantages of different GCMs, multi-GCM ensemble approach was used by Can-ESM2, BNU-ESM, and INM-CM4 GCMs. Moreover, NCEP reanalysis data were used to calibrate downscaling model as well for comparison purposes. The calibration, validation, and projection of the proposed model were performed during January 1951 to December 1991, January 1992 to December 2005 and January 2017 to December 2100, respectively. The proposed data screening model could reduce the dimensionality of data and select appropriate predictors for generalizing future rainfall. Results showed better performance of ANN than multiple linear regression (MLR) model. The projection results yielded 29% and 21% decrease of rainfall at the study area for 2017-2050 under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Assessing runoff sensitivities to precipitation and temperature changes under global climate-change scenarios

    Chen, LeiChang, JianxiaWang, YiminZhu, Yuelu...
    24-42页
    查看更多>>摘要：An accurate grasp of the influence of precipitation and temperature changes on the variation in both the magnitude and temporal patterns of runoff is crucial to the prevention of floods and droughts. However, there is a general lack of understanding of the ways in which runoff sensitivities to precipitation and temperature changes are associated with the CMIP5 scenarios. This paper investigates the hydrological response to future climate change under CMIP5 RCP scenarios by using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model and then quantitatively assesses runoff sensitivities to precipitation and temperature changes under different scenarios by using a set of simulations with the control variable method. The source region of the Yellow River (SRYR) is an ideal area to study this problem. The results demonstrated that the precipitation effect was the dominant element influencing runoff change (the degree of influence approaching 23%), followed by maximum temperature (approaching 12%). The weakest element was minimum temperature (approaching 3%), despite the fact that the increases in minimum temperature were higher than the increases in maximum temperature. The results also indicated that the degree of runoff sensitivity to precipitation and temperature changes was subject to changing external climatic conditions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Estimation of suspended sediment and dissolved solid load in a Mediterranean semiarid karst stream using log-linear models

    Martinez-Salvador, AlbertoConesa-Garcia, Carmelo
    43-59页
    查看更多>>摘要：Many models have been developed to predict the sediment transport in watercourses. This paper attempts to test the effectiveness of log-linear models (LLM) to estimate the suspended (S-LMM), dissolved (D-LLM), and total suspended (T-LLM) load into a Mediterranean semiarid karst stream (the Argos River basin, in southeast Spain). An assessment of the supposed validity of each model and a leave-one-out cross-validation were carried out to determine their degree of statistical robustness. The T-LLM model showed higher prediction accuracy (R-2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.15, and PE = +/- 5.4-6.6%) than the D-LLM model (R-2 = 0.97, RMSE = 0.16, and PE = +/- 5.5-6.8%) or the D-LLM model (R-2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.71, and PE = +/- 101-493%). In addition, different model variants, according to two flow patterns (FP1 = base flow and FP2 = rising water level), were developed. The FP2-SLLM model provided a very good fit (R-2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.34, and PE = +/- 25.3-61.5%), substantially improving the results of the S-LLM model.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    How does a rubber plantation affect the spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall?

    Liu, JiaqingLiu, WenjieLi, WeixiaZeng, Huanhuan...
    60-74页
    查看更多>>摘要：In Xishuangbanna, southwest China, the large-scale monoculture rubber plantation replaced the primary tropical forest, which changed the regional hydrology processes and biogeochemical cycles. As throughfall was an important component of the forest ecosystem water input, we researched the spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall in the rubber plantation. We recorded 30 rainfall events by using 90 rain gauges during 2015-2016. We found a highly significant linear relationship between rainfall and throughfall, and a strong power correlation between the peak 30 min rainfall intensity and throughfall. The coefficient of variation for throughfall was significant and negatively correlated with rainfall and rainfall intensity. We also observed that throughfall had a strong spatial autocorrelation that would decrease during heavy rainfall events. The results indicate that the leaf area index did not have a significant relationship with throughfall. However, the lateral translocation of the throughfall in the canopy significantly affected the spatial distribution of the throughfall. Generally, the lower throughfall positions were close to the nearest rubber trunk, and the higher throughfall positions were mostly below the slope. This study contributes to the knowledge of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of throughfall and helps elucidate the interception processes in the rubber plantation.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Data mining based on wavelet and decision tree for rainfall-runoff simulation

    Nourani, VahidTajbakhsh, Ali DavanlouMolajou, Amir
    75-84页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study introduced a new hybrid model (Wavelet-M5 model) which combines the wavelet transforms and M5 model tree for rainfall-runoff modeling. For this purpose, the main time series were decomposed to several sub-signals by the wavelet transform, at first. Then, the obtained sub-time series were imposed as input data to M5 model tree, and finally, the related linear regressions were presented by M5 model tree. This new technique was applied on the monthly time series of Sardrud catchment and the results were also compared with other models like WANN and sole M5 model tree. The results showed that the accuracy of the proposed model is better than the previous models and also indicated the effect of data pre-processing on the performance of M5 model tree. The determination coefficient of the training stage was 0.80 and improved 31% than the M5 model tree for Sardrud catchment which is recognized as a normal watershed with a regular four seasons' pattern.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Modelling soil detachment capacity by rill flow with hydraulic variables on a simulated steep loessial hillslope

    Shen, NanWang, ZhanliZhang, QingweiChen, Hao...
    85-98页
    查看更多>>摘要：Modelling soil detachment capacity by rill flow with hydraulic variables is essential to understanding the rill erosion process and developing physically based rill erosion models. A rill flume experiment with non-erodible flume bed and small soil samples was conducted. Seven flow discharges and six steep slope gradients were combined to produce various flow hydraulics. The soil detachment capacity increases with the increase in slope gradient and flow discharge. The critical slope gradients of 21.26 and 26.79% cause the detachment capacity to increase at a slow pace. The soil detachment capacity can be defined by a power function of flow discharges and slopes. The contribution rates of slope gradient and flow discharge to soil detachment capacity are 42 and 54%, respectively. The soil detachment capacity increases with shear stress, stream power and unit stream power; the increase rates of these parameters are greater under gentle slopes than steep slopes. Stream power is the superior hydrodynamic parameter describing soil detachment capacity. The linear model equation of stream power is stable and reliable, which can accurately predict soil detachment capacity by rill flow on steep loessial hillslopes. This study can help to sufficiently clarify the dynamic mechanism of soil detachment and accurately predict soil detachment capacity for steep loessial hillslopes.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Development of wep-cor model to simulate land surface water and energy budgets in a cold region

    Li, JiaZhou, ZuhaoWang, HaoLiu, Jiajia...
    99-116页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Water and Energy transfer Processes in Cold Regions (WEP-COR) model is an improved version of the Water and Energy transfer Processes in Large basins (WEP-L) model that integrates a multi-layer frozen soil model to simulate the hydrological processes in cold regions and the heat fluxes at different depths of frozen soil. The temperature, water content, freezing depth of the soil, and daily discharge were simulated and compared with observations. The simulated and observed data were used to analyze the runoff flow components. The results showed that the WEP-COR model can effectively simulate the distributions of the soil temperature and water content. The average root mean squared errors of the temperature, unfrozen water content, total water content, and freezing depth of the soil were 1.21 degrees C, 0.035 cm(3)/cm(3), 0.034 cm(3)/cm(3), and 17.6 cm, respectively. The mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and relative error of the daily discharge were 0.64 and 6.58%, respectively. Compared with the WEP-L model, the WEP-COR model simulated the discharge with higher accuracy, especially during the soil thawing period. This improvement was mainly due to the addition of the frozen soil mechanism. The WEP-COR model can provide support for agricultural and water resources management in cold regions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Projection of hydro-climatological changes over eastern Himalayan catchment by the evaluation of RegCM4 rcm and CMIP5 GCM models

    Singh, VishalSharma, AshutoshGoyal, Manish Kumar
    117-137页
    查看更多>>摘要：Here, a regional climate model (RCM) RegCM4 and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) such as Coupled Physical Model (CM3), Coupled Climate Model phase 1 (CM2P1) and Earth System Model (ESM-2M) with their representative concentration pathway (RCP) datasets were utilized in projecting hydro-climatological variables such as precipitation, temperature, and streamflow in Teesta River basin in north Sikkim, eastern Himalaya, India. For downscaling, a 'predictor selection analysis' was performed utilizing a statistical downscaling model. The precision and applicability of RCM and GCM datasets were assessed using several statistical evaluation functions. The downscaled temperature and precipitation datasets were used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for projecting the water yield and streamflow. A Sequential Uncertainty Parameter Fitting 2 optimization algorithm was used for optimizing the coefficient parameter values. The Mann-Kendall test results showed increasing trend in projected temperature and precipitation for future time. A significant increase in minimum temperature was found for the projected scenarios. The SWAT model-based projected outcomes showed a substantial increase in the streamflow and water yield. The results provide an understanding about the hydro-climatological data uncertainties and future changes associated with hydrological components that could be expected because of climate change.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    An urban pluvial flood simulation model based on diffusive wave approximation of shallow water equations

    Su, BoniHuang, HongZhu, Wei
    138-154页
    查看更多>>摘要：Urban floods caused by sudden heavy rainstorms are becoming more frequent and causing serious problems in many cities. Developing methods to simulate urban rainstorm floods is helpful in disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, we establish an urban pluvial flood simulation model based on diffusion wave approximation of shallow-water equations. The model takes full account of the characteristics in urban pluvial floods, and includes many improvements in simulation details. These details include building a consideration method, a rainfall consideration method, and so on. A new calculation method of water surface gradient is established, which is suitable for complex topology in urban pluvial flood simulation and can reduce unnecessary simulation error introduced by calculation methods. The accuracy and stability of the model are verified through simple cases with analytical solution and experiments with measured data. The results show that the new model is more accurate than common diffusion wave approximation models. A new treatment to avoid 'checkerboard oscillation' is established. In comparison with existing methods, the new method proved to be the best. A proof of concept shows that the new model can deal with complex situations and is helpful for urban drainage system planning.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Using time compression approximation to determine actual infiltration rate from variable rainfall events

    Cheng, YanyanCui, GuotaoZhu, Jianting
    155-165页
    查看更多>>摘要：Understanding infiltration into soils from rainfall events is important for many practical applications. The idea of time compression approximation (TCA) was proposed to simulate infiltration rate, which only requires the relationship between the potential infiltration rate (PIR) and potential cumulative infiltration (PCI). The TCA-based method can be used in any rainfall-runoff models since the PIR vs. PCI relationship can be developed independent of actual rainfall patterns. The main objective of this study is to establish guidelines on when this method can be adequately applied. The results based on the TCA are compared with those from the field observations and the Richards equation numerical solver for observed rainfall events and randomly generated rainfall patterns with prescribed temporal variabilities and hiatuses. For continuous rainfall with potential ponding, the maximum error of infiltration amount using the TCA-based method is less than 5%. The TCA-based method, in general, underestimates the total infiltration amount from variable rainfall events. Variance in rainfall time series does not significantly affect the errors of using the TCA-based method to determine the actual infiltration rate. The TCA-based method can produce reasonable results in simulating the actual infiltration rate for rainfall events with a short hiatus.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing