查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The seismic coda wave attenuation characteristic in the area of the HPP cascade in the upper and middle reaches of the Vakhsh River was studied. The short-period coda waves of the local earthquakes, as recorded by frequency-selective seismic stations in 1958–1989, and digital seismogram data earthquakes that occurred in region since 1989 until 2021 were analyzed. A comparative analysis of seismological data obtained by analog and digital seismic stations has been carried out. The correlation of spatial inhomogeneities of the S-wave attenuation field with tectonics and seismicity in the area of the HPP cascade and in nearby territories is considered.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The seismic coda wave attenuation characteristic in the area of the HPP cascade in the upper and middle reaches of the Vakhsh River was studied. The short-period coda waves of the local earthquakes, as recorded by frequency-selective seismic stations in 1958–1989, and digital seismogram data earthquakes that occurred in region since 1989 until 2021 were analyzed. A comparative analysis of seismological data obtained by analog and digital seismic stations has been carried out. The correlation of spatial inhomogeneities of the S-wave attenuation field with tectonics and seismicity in the area of the HPP cascade and in nearby territories is considered.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract For remote monitoring of destructive processes during service of large industrial facilities, we have developed a low-cost approach for their reliable detection. It is based on low-amplitude seismic signal monitoring data. The source material comprises data from long-term real-time monitoring by highly sensitive instruments of seismic stations in the vicinity (up to 30 km) of the study object. In the technogenic component of seismic noise, low-amplitude signals are recorded as responses from mechanical oscillations (oscillation of operating equipment, natural oscillations of buildings and technical structures) of various objects. Such oscillations are characterized by certain frequencies and duration, making it possible isolate signals of some sources contained in seismic noise from others and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The long-term monitoring results are used for retrospective data analysis and, on its basis, to determine anomalous changes in the frequencies and amplitudes of low-amplitude signals associated with destructive processes at the facility. This accounting increases the reliability of monitoring the stability of structures and operating equipment in real time, which is urgently needed to prevent breakdown and analyze the causes of emergency situations.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract For remote monitoring of destructive processes during service of large industrial facilities, we have developed a low-cost approach for their reliable detection. It is based on low-amplitude seismic signal monitoring data. The source material comprises data from long-term real-time monitoring by highly sensitive instruments of seismic stations in the vicinity (up to 30 km) of the study object. In the technogenic component of seismic noise, low-amplitude signals are recorded as responses from mechanical oscillations (oscillation of operating equipment, natural oscillations of buildings and technical structures) of various objects. Such oscillations are characterized by certain frequencies and duration, making it possible isolate signals of some sources contained in seismic noise from others and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The long-term monitoring results are used for retrospective data analysis and, on its basis, to determine anomalous changes in the frequencies and amplitudes of low-amplitude signals associated with destructive processes at the facility. This accounting increases the reliability of monitoring the stability of structures and operating equipment in real time, which is urgently needed to prevent breakdown and analyze the causes of emergency situations.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Destructive earthquakes (intensity 9 on the EMS-98 scale, or M = 7.0–7.5), especially in developing countries, have a strong impact on the health and living conditions of people. They cause great loss of life both during and after an earthquake, since hazards to life and health are associated both with the destruction from the earthquake and with the living conditions that develop in its zone of influence. The main aim of the article is to highlight the most complete list of groups of factors affecting human health from a destructive earthquake and to identify the characteristics of these effects, including the most typical diseases. To conduct research and obtain generalizing conclusions, three multilaterally and in-depth studied earthquakes with severe consequences were selected. For the first time, the most complete list of the main factors of a destructive earthquake affecting people’s health has been compiled, which, according to their genesis, are divided into five groups. Typical diseases are predicted in different zones of damage to buildings and structures. They are presented in a table, indicating some parameters of their distribution area and the most characteristic diseases that have arisen according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10. A map of zones of three important interrelated consequences of earthquakes (damage to buildings, groups of impact factors, severity of probable diseases) has been compiled. Average graphs of changes in the level of impact of groups of earthquake factors on people’s health as a function of time are presented, as well as methodological recommendations and assessment data for quantitative calculations of the consequences of an earthquake.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Destructive earthquakes (intensity 9 on the EMS-98 scale, or M = 7.0–7.5), especially in developing countries, have a strong impact on the health and living conditions of people. They cause great loss of life both during and after an earthquake, since hazards to life and health are associated both with the destruction from the earthquake and with the living conditions that develop in its zone of influence. The main aim of the article is to highlight the most complete list of groups of factors affecting human health from a destructive earthquake and to identify the characteristics of these effects, including the most typical diseases. To conduct research and obtain generalizing conclusions, three multilaterally and in-depth studied earthquakes with severe consequences were selected. For the first time, the most complete list of the main factors of a destructive earthquake affecting people’s health has been compiled, which, according to their genesis, are divided into five groups. Typical diseases are predicted in different zones of damage to buildings and structures. They are presented in a table, indicating some parameters of their distribution area and the most characteristic diseases that have arisen according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10. A map of zones of three important interrelated consequences of earthquakes (damage to buildings, groups of impact factors, severity of probable diseases) has been compiled. Average graphs of changes in the level of impact of groups of earthquake factors on people’s health as a function of time are presented, as well as methodological recommendations and assessment data for quantitative calculations of the consequences of an earthquake.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The differences in the metrological support, problem statement, and practice of conducting measurements and using data in a typical physical experiment and geophysical monitoring are discussed. The strong difference in metrological support in these cases is consistent with the practice of using the results obtained. Due to the specific nature of the typical problem setting and use of geophysical monitoring data, the inevitable and poorly controlled errors in these data are relatively less detrimental to the use of the data than would be the case in typical physical surveys. Geophysical monitoring tools often track the behavior of highly nonequilibrium systems, often with a subcritical behavioral pattern, which leads to great variability in their behavioral pattern. Examples of false, but at the same time statistically significant anomalies are given. The features of using statistical approaches in the analysis of nonequilibrium systems with a subcritical nature of behavior are discussed; in this case, some standard statistical approaches may be incorrect.
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The differences in the metrological support, problem statement, and practice of conducting measurements and using data in a typical physical experiment and geophysical monitoring are discussed. The strong difference in metrological support in these cases is consistent with the practice of using the results obtained. Due to the specific nature of the typical problem setting and use of geophysical monitoring data, the inevitable and poorly controlled errors in these data are relatively less detrimental to the use of the data than would be the case in typical physical surveys. Geophysical monitoring tools often track the behavior of highly nonequilibrium systems, often with a subcritical behavioral pattern, which leads to great variability in their behavioral pattern. Examples of false, but at the same time statistically significant anomalies are given. The features of using statistical approaches in the analysis of nonequilibrium systems with a subcritical nature of behavior are discussed; in this case, some standard statistical approaches may be incorrect.
A. V. ChugaevI. A. SanfirovA. I. KuznetsovR. A. Bogdanov...
98-105页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract At the Verkhnekamskoe salt deposit, a monitoring system for the emergency area has been implemented, including a distributed acoustic sensing with a 6-km optical line and an active borehole source of elastic vibrations. Monitoring is performed using cross-well seismic survey. The use of a special cable containing straight and spiral fiber makes it possible to record both direct and refracted waves. Based on a comparison of wave fields, areas of change in the elastic properties of the massif are located and a quantitative assessment of such changes is given. The use of a large number of simultaneously recording channels makes it possible to achieve the required spatial resolution depending on the task. The low cost of fiber optic cable makes it possible to design its permanent installation in emergency areas with limited access. The proposed monitoring system can be used both to monitor the safety of the developed massif in problem areas, and to monitor the foundations of critical buildings and structures located in zones of accelerated subsidence of the undermined territory.
A. V. ChugaevI. A. SanfirovA. I. KuznetsovR. A. Bogdanov...
98-105页
查看更多>>摘要：Abstract At the Verkhnekamskoe salt deposit, a monitoring system for the emergency area has been implemented, including a distributed acoustic sensing with a 6-km optical line and an active borehole source of elastic vibrations. Monitoring is performed using cross-well seismic survey. The use of a special cable containing straight and spiral fiber makes it possible to record both direct and refracted waves. Based on a comparison of wave fields, areas of change in the elastic properties of the massif are located and a quantitative assessment of such changes is given. The use of a large number of simultaneously recording channels makes it possible to achieve the required spatial resolution depending on the task. The low cost of fiber optic cable makes it possible to design its permanent installation in emergency areas with limited access. The proposed monitoring system can be used both to monitor the safety of the developed massif in problem areas, and to monitor the foundations of critical buildings and structures located in zones of accelerated subsidence of the undermined territory.
NETL
NSTL