查看更多>>摘要：The megaprojects paradox is still there: while large investments, infrastructures, facilities, and variegated ventures are more in demand than ever, scientific criticism and public opposition are increasingly strong, and difficulties to formulate alternative policies and development patterns are notorious. The impossibility of getting out of the paradox is due to the managerial and activist traps in which the scholarship on megaprojects is caught. This paper advocates for a more direct and conscious cross-fertilization between managerial and activist approaches on megaprojects in order to overcome their respective traps. It identifies 10 axes for further future collaboration which will serve as a basis for a shared research agenda. In this research agenda, the study of megaprojects appears as an autonomous research field in which the relationship between megaprojects and development patterns is systematically assessed and the analysis of policy alternatives to megaprojects becomes pivotal.
查看更多>>摘要：The regeneration of dilapidated industrial sites in urban China is challenged by the participation of a variety of actors with the state deepening its reach into such projects to impose control and facilitate industrial upgrade. However, there is relatively scant knowledge about the interactions between the localised actor dynamics and the far-reaching state. To address this knowledge gap, this paper leverages understanding the state as a process and the concept of locality to investigate the complicated actor relationships at the project level. A case study was conducted on the regeneration of an industrial site in Quanzhou city. It is found rather than imposing one-way firming control, state and local actors make negotiation and collaborative efforts to achieve the development goals for the industrial park. The deepening reach of the state enables a blur of demarcation between state as rule makers and society as rule recipients, where microscale capacity is facilitated according to the nation-state's selective development goal. The nation-state's function is therefore materialised through the hierarchical policy-making process, arranging local delegating agency and opening up room for negotiations driven by proactivity in the locality. It is suggested in this paper that the understandings of locality and state processes in industrial site regeneration are enhanced by providing empirical evidence in the non-neoliberal context.
查看更多>>摘要：Although community project planning is widely understood as crucial to equitable wind energy infrastructure planning, involved members of the public nevertheless perceive such participatory interventions as merely pseudo-participatory. Drawing on agonistic planning literature, we argue that this disposition towards tokenism can only be tackled with a (re)politization of community project planning practices. This includes an explicit (re)integration and cultivation of dissent and the potential overthrow of traditionally consensus-oriented formats that follow the deliberative paradigm. For radically political community energy project planning, however, public discourses must be fluid and participants must be open towards dissent, which largely contradicts the typical postures of a deliberative citizen who is supposed to argue in a rational and objective way, using the best arguments to convince others. To examine the feasibility of agonistic approaches for community wind energy planning, we conducted a quantitative discourse analysis on the data set of a large regional survey of an on-going wind energy planning project in Switzerland. We focused on estimating the degree of hegemony of public wind energy discourses and the willingness of residents to engage in participatory settings that can facilitate radically political community project planning (e.g., substantive participation settings). Our results show that for planning individual wind energy projects, the potential for agonistic planning approaches is low, not only because the discourses are already too hegemonic, but also because there is no real willingness to engage in radically political community wind energy project planning. In the context of early, comprehensive, and integrated community planning, however, agonistic approaches could provide the ground for open and innovative participatory planning of renewable energies.
查看更多>>摘要：The growing police abolitionist movement in the United States invokes the figure of community to bind various political claims, from shifting the arena of justice to fiscal restructuring. Geographic scholarship on community has yet to conceptualize its usage in this movement, and existing literature tends to critique conceptualizations of community-as-political-resistance by demonstrating a given community's exclusionary practices and reasserting a liberal politics of inclusion. This article combines analysis of activist literatures from the liberatory harm reduction and transformative justice movements with elements of Jean-Luc Nancy's philosophy to offer an understanding of community as a shifting and provisional spectrum of relations at once structural and intimate, thus challenging its prevailing figuration as a form of enclosure mediated by the terms of inclusion and exclusion. Drawing on archival work into informally circulated, praxis-based ephemera from movements under the umbrella of police abolition, I conceptualize an abolitionist understanding of community at the juncture of 'communities of exposure,' formed along a structurally-produced spectrum of exposure to the harms of white supremacy, settler colonialism, and cis-heteropatriarchy, and 'community as exposure,' the condition of relationality that resists enclosure and, in understanding our essential vulnerability to one another as a resource for care, refuses the notion that police could sanitize community of its risks.
查看更多>>摘要：This paper analyzes how governments instrumentalize the concept of happiness for political ends. It argues that while happiness is primarily employed as an externally-oriented policy and discourse to attract tourists and desirable migrants, it is equally aimed at changing the expectations of the local population, including brain-drainers. We argue that in the case of Greece, happiness forms a governmental vision to brand the country anew after years of moralizing discourses of guilt, blame, and debt surrounding the financial crisis. First, we outline how the Greek government construes happiness as a commodified experience that the Greek population ought to generate for tourists and desirable migrants ('live like a local'), but importantly also for itself ('live like a tourist'). Second, this happiness vision seeks to both encourage the Greek population (in that we want to be happy), but also to discipline it (in that we need to be happy). Thirdly, to justify this vision, its key promoters conceive of a future that requires sanitizing the country's past and present, camouflage its unpleasant and contentious aspects, and re-narrate it in positive terms. Curiously, however, this is less about envisioning a better future after years of crisis, than about asking the Greek population to be satisfied with the status quo. This way, the happiness vision is an attempt to substitute the unfulfilled promises of the capitalist imaginary vis-a-vis opportunity, upward social mobility, and overabundance, where happiness arises not by overcoming the precarizing realities of inequality, but from having a positive attitude in navigating them.
查看更多>>摘要：This article analyses border practices that are enacted through an array of migrants' residence registration procedures in Finland. These practices extend to the country of departure and also take place upon arrival and settlement within a municipality, and they are intimately tied with the person's access to social rights in the country. Building on critical border studies and Annemarie Mol's idea of multiple ontologies we examine migrant stories, collected via multi-sited ethnography, that simultaneously testify to being targeted by diverse border practices and of being compelled to take part in doing the border. We address regulatory practices that modify and, indeed, reinforce inequalities between migrants. We argue that residence registration as a scattered border practice not only enacts different statuses for migrants but orders them hierarchically depending, for example, on the person's migration status and nationality (EU/TCN). Furthermore, multiple regimes of knowledge production such as statistics on migrant population draw on the data recorded in the population register during the municipal registration process, which further extends the impact of this data. We show how the welfare state system, claimed to be universal, is highly conjunctural depending on the information the person receives from different interlocutors, and on the presumably apolitical "policy on the fly" enacted at the registration desk.
查看更多>>摘要：The Anthropocene epoch challenges our planet's ecological sustainability and its relationship with democratic processes. The prioritization of economic growth and capital accumulation within most democratic organizations and institutions encourages limitless economic expansion while ignoring or disregarding the earth's ecological vulnerability in multiple crises (economic, social, ecological). Commoning presents an alternative political strategy to respond to these crises, particularly when it is based on transformative practices of collective care. In this paper, we investigate how an anti-mining community in Skouries, Greece, opposes the imposition of a large-scale mining project by forming a commons initiative. We introduce the concept of election commons, which was designed to allow the anti-mining community to claim institutional power at a local level. This concept is argued to provide valuable insights into how collective care sets the foundations for the renewal of democracy, allowing an alternative relation to the environment and playing a strategic role in connecting different geographical scales of politics. We claim that commoning can enable a more fitting political strategy for the Anthropocene while highlighting the case of decision-making at a national and international level benefiting from local politics.
查看更多>>摘要：This paper analyses how water reforms in Tunisia's authoritarian regimes came to shape mechanisms of domination, repression, and co-optation anchored in the everyday politics of water allocation and use. The historical study of the water-agriculture nexus in Tunisia (1950-2011) argues that the sector served as a practical and symbolic vehicle to legitimise, produce, and reinforce authoritarian practices and regimes. Drawing on the dialectic of the state and society, this analysis showcases the links between agricultural water governance and practices of state-building. Water policy- and decision-making are put in the context of past political agendas and social unrest, explaining underlying societal perceptions and motivations. On the basis of this analysis, this paper hopes to inspire modest and realistic policy reforms that strategically address contemporary legacy barriers to good water governance.
查看更多>>摘要：The recent policy practice in China has shown nuanced differences from previous accounts of authoritarian environmentalism. The emerging discourse of green transformation shows dual tendencies for (re-)centralizing and decentralizing environmental institutions. Our understanding of authoritarian environmentalism in China requires an update. We review the recent policy practice and the scholarly literature to advance a modified framework of authoritarian environmentalism. Using the Central Environmental Inspection Teams and emissions trading schemes as examples, we highlight the coordinated practice of strengthening state control while strategically using mass mobilization and market mechanisms. We argue that non-state actors and bottom-up tools are being absorbed into the politics of (re-)centralization. The centralizing state accommodates a limited range of participatory and decentralizing elements in an attempt to modernize the governance system. Our modified framework recognizes the mutually reinforcing authoritarian and liberal elements, and sheds light on the broader trends of environmental governance in China.
查看更多>>摘要：Exacerbated but by no means invented by President Donald Trump, post-truth politics are defined as a disregard for facts in political discourse and policymaking. The post-truth era is dominated by two forms of informational praxis: misinformation and disinformation. Through the archival record of civil rights organizations, we argue we should not see the present era of post-truth politics as new but instead see it as part of a more prolonged struggle over white supremacy and the broader effort to contain challenges to the US economic and racial order. By contextualizing the geography of post-truth politics, the strategies and tactics civil rights groups use to counter white supremacist lies are important to understand, especially in an era where social media can spread lies and disinformation at lightning-quick speed. Thus, we also explore how civil rights organizations challenged disinformation and the control and suppression of information perpetuated by those in power.
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