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Animal behaviour
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Animal behaviour

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Animal behaviour/Journal Animal behaviourSCIISSHPISTPAHCI
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    Inequity aversion strategies between marmosets are influenced by partner familiarity and sex but not by oxytocin

    Mustoe, Aaryn C.Harnisch, April M.Hochfelder, BenjaminCavanaugh, Jon...
    69-79页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cooperation among individuals depends, in large part, on a sense of fairness. Many cooperating nonhuman primates show inequity aversion (i.e. negative responses to unequal outcomes), and these responses towards inequity probably evolved as a means to preserve the advantages of cooperative relationships. However, marmosets (Callithrix spp.) tend to show little or no inequity aversion, despite the high occurrence of prosociality and cooperative breeding in callitrichid monkeys. Oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in a wide variety of social processes, but little is known about whether OXT modulates inequity aversion towards others. We used a tray-pulling task to evaluate whether marmosets would donate superior rewards to their long-term pair mate or an opposite-sex stranger following OXT, OXT antagonist and saline treatments. We found that marmosets show inequity aversion, and that this inequity aversion is socially and sex specific. Male marmosets showed inequity aversion towards their pair mates but not towards strangers, and female marmosets did not show inequity aversion. OXT treatments did not significantly influence inequity aversion in marmosets. While OXT may modulate prosocial preferences, the motivations underlying cooperative relationships, such as inequity aversion, are multifaceted. More research is needed to evaluate the evolutionary origins, biological processes and social contexts that influence complex phenotypes like inequity aversion. Inequity aversion can differ within species in important and distinct ways, including between individuals who do and do not share a cooperative relationship. Overall, these findings support the view that inequity aversion is an important behavioural strategy for the maintenance of cooperative relationships. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A case of mistaken identity: understanding the stimulus of agonism between two wood warblers

    Jones, John AnthonyTisdale, Anna C.Tucker, Jennifer L.Bakermans, Marja H....
    81-91页
    查看更多>>摘要：When multiple species occur sympatrically, divergence in morphological and behavioural traits associated with species recognition and resource use are expected. Individuals that engage in interspecific aggression often suffer fitness consequences if the benefits of securing resources do not outweigh the risks associated with agonism. In the southern Appalachians, interspecific aggression frequently occurs between chestnut-sided warblers, Setophaga pensylvanica, and golden-winged warblers, Vermivora chrysoptera, a species that is experiencing sharp declines in population numbers. Using a combination of correlative and experimental approaches, we explored two potential explanations for interspecific aggression: interspecific competition and mistaken identity. It is commonly inferred that aggressive interactions are the product of competition due to an ecological niche overlap. However, because these warblers have similar crown coloration and aggressive interactions appear stochastic, aggression may be a result of mistaken identity. First, in 2014, we documented spatial overlap of the two species and measured reproductive success and habitat preference (using remote sensing) of golden-winged warblers. We found that golden-winged warblers that settled among high densities of chestnut-sided warblers were more aggressive, but chestnut-sided warbler density did not negatively influence their reproductive success; rather, habitat structure best predicted reproductive success. Next, in 2015, we tested for misidentification using models of conspecifics and heterospecifics in simulated territorial intrusions. We found that both warbler species were equally likely to both types of models, and that the most aggressive individuals were more likely to attack models. Our results suggest that, from the golden-winged warbler's perspective, sympatry is not detrimental and aggression is probably a function of mistaken identity. Yet, these behavioural interactions should be maladaptive, which may lead to the segregation of habitat types or divergence in crown morphology between species. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    • NETL
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    • Elsevier

    Intrabrood rank, age and adult presence predict novelty seeking in individual Arabian babblers, Turdoides squamiceps

    Fulmer, A. G.Santema, P.Hauber, M. E.
    93-99页
    查看更多>>摘要：Risk taking and neophilia affect many aspects of an individual's life trajectory, including social rank, philopatry, reproductive success and mortality. We investigate mechanisms by which early life socialization may have lasting impacts on behaviours across contexts by assessing the relationship between social rank and neophilia at different stages of development. In the cooperatively breeding Arabian babbler, Turdoides squamiceps, age is positively correlated with dominance and reproductive skew. Early life socialization, here represented by social rank order relationship to clutch-mates, may provide a major additional source of variation within age cohorts in overall social opportunities and the resulting reproductive strategies. We test the hypothesis that novelty-seeking behaviour is related to intrabrood rank in Arabian babblers; we presented familiar versus novel stimuli (stationary objects, moving objects and sounds) to birds. To examine intrabrood dominance as a potential predictor of later-life neophilic behaviours, we constructed a multimodal index of novel stimulus approach behaviour for fledglings and juveniles living in an individually marked population, and compared it against an intrabrood rank metric based on scramble competition (rank index) to allow comparisons between different broods and groups. All birds were more likely to react to novel stimuli than to familiar stimuli. Intrabrood rank index positively predicted the frequency of novel stimulus approach, with individuals of higher intrabrood rank more frequently approaching novel stimuli. Juveniles made more approaches to novel stimuli and made those approaches earlier in the trial than did fledglings; approaches by all young birds were more frequent when an adult was present versus absent at the beginning of the presentation. These findings suggest an interaction between novelty-seeking behaviour by young birds and displays related to social rank and/or competitive ability. In this way, novelty-seeking behaviours in early life may be connected with lifetime social and reproductive trajectory. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Same-sex sexual behaviour in crickets: understanding the paradox

    Boutin, Savanna R. T.Harrison, Sarah J.Fitzsimmons, Lauren P.McAuley, Emily M....
    101-110页
    查看更多>>摘要：Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSSB) occurs in animals ranging from insects to mammals, yet its evolutionary origins remain enigmatic. Is it adaptive, or has it evolved as a by-product of selection for other traits? Using data from two experiments on male spring field crickets, Gryllus veletis, we tested whether SSSB is socially adaptive, sexually adaptive, correlated with other sexual behaviours and/or a result of sex misidentification. By identifying how sexual experience, audience composition, mate attraction signalling time, body size/mass, food composition and aggression levels correlated with levels of SSSB, we found support for the misidentification and phenotypic correlation hypotheses. More aggressive males were more likely to court other males, and males who spent the most time signalling to attract mates tended to spend the most time courting other males, suggesting that aggression, mate signalling effort and same-sex courtship may all be phenotypically correlated. However, the positive relationship between mate attraction signalling effort and probability of expressing same-sex courtship only occurred in males on a high-carbohydrate, low-protein food, suggesting that the expression of such a phenotypic correlation may be constrained by dietary carbohydrate availability. Finally, males were more likely to be courted if they were less aggressive and spent little time signalling for mates, but, for the latter, only if they were on high-carbohydrate foods, suggesting that together, diet, which may alter chemical cues involved in sex identification, and behavioural cues may lead to sex misidentification. Thus, SSSB in male G. veletis does not appear to be adaptive, probably evolving instead as a by-product of selection for other sexually selected traits. By investigating both proximate and ultimate factors contributing to the evolutionary enigma of SSSB, we may gain important insights into the selective forces shaping aggression, social interactions and reproductive strategies in social animals. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    • NETL
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    • Elsevier

    An unsuspected cost of mate familiarity: increased loss of paternity (vol 111, pg 213, 2016)

    Drummond, HughRamos, Alejandra G.Sanchez-Macouzet, OscarRodriguez, Cristina...
    111-111页
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Same-sex sexual behaviour as a dominance display

    Lane, Sarah M.Haughan, Alice E.Evans, DanielTregenza, Tom...
    113-118页
    查看更多>>摘要：Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB) is widespread across taxa. One adaptive hypothesis to explain the occurrence and maintenance of SSB is that it acts to intensify or diminish aggression by providing males with a means to reinforce or resolve dominance. However, evidence for this hypothesis is very limited across taxa and the possibility that SSB acts as an extension of intrasexual competition remains contentious. We investigated the role of SSB in intensifying or diminishing aggression in the broad-horned flour beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus. We tested the hypothesis that SSB is an extension of male-male competition by observing how the occurrence of SSB and the stability of SSB courtship roles (i.e. whether males switched between mounting and being mounted) influenced levels of aggression within pairs. We found that, typically, males rapidly establish fixed SSB roles and moreover that the occurrence of SSB and the stability of SSB roles had a highly significant effect on levels of aggression observed within pairs. Pairs in which one male consistently mounted the other showed significantly lower levels of aggression than pairs in which neither male exhibited SSB or in which males continuously switched SSB roles and attempted to mount each other. Furthermore, males that were consistently on the receiving end of SSB demonstrated lower propensity to court females and had a lower mating success than active males. This pattern was analogous to that found in loser males as a result of fighting. Males that lost fights also courted less and had lower mating success than males that won fights. Our findings provide the first empirical support for the hypothesis that SSB is an extension of male-male competition. Furthermore, our results suggest that SSB may act as a display, allowing males to resolve dominance hierarchies without escalating into an injurious fight. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour by Elsevier Ltd.
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    • Elsevier

    Identifying natural grouping structure in gelada baboons: a network approach

    Mac Carron, PadraigDunbar, R. I. M.
    119-128页
    查看更多>>摘要：We use network analysis of co-herding and nearest-neighbour data for harems from several study populations to examine the natural grouping patterns of gelada baboons, Theropithecus gelada, a molecular fission-fusion primate species. We show that the association patterns of the harems reflect grouping levels of ca. two, ca. four, ca. seven and ca. 14 harems (equivalent to ca. 30, ca. 50, ca. 100 and ca. 200 individuals). These patterns are stable across both time and space. Analysis of the distribution of harem sizes across four study populations suggests that these grouping levels reflect the processes that influence harem fission, combined with a viscosity reflecting time since fission. We suggest that the natural social grouping for this species is a set of two to three harems that are the product of recent harem fission, in line with predictions from the social brain hypothesis, and that successive fission events over time cumulatively give rise to the other grouping layers. While the grouping of ca. 100 animals has previously been identified as the 'band', the ca. 50 layer was previously unidentified. We do not know what its function is, although it closely resembles typical Papio troops in size. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Task-specific temporal organization of percussive movements in wild bearded capuchin monkeys

    Mangalam, MadhurIzar, PatriciaVisalberghi, ElisabettaFragaszy, Dorothy M....
    129-137页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tool-assisted percussion is an ancient feature of human technology. Tool-assisted percussion is not uniquely human; chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, longtailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis aurea, and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) use stone tools to crack open encased foods. The knowledge of how these nonhuman primates use percussion tools helps us to understand how extinct hominins might have used percussion tools. Wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Sapajus libidinosus, crack palm nuts of different species by placing them on rock outcroppings, boulders and logs (anvils) and striking them with stone hammers. In the present study, we examined whether and how these monkeys modulate the kinematic parameters of individual strikes and the organization of successive strikes to accommodate the physical properties of a nut. To this end, we observed seven monkeys as they cracked two species of nuts that differ in their structure and resistance to fracture. They cracked the less resistant tucum (Astrocaryum spp.) nut by striking it repeatedly with moderate force (that is, by not exceeding a threshold) and modulating the kinematic parameters of each strike on the basis of the condition of the nut (that is, the development of a fracture) following the preceding strike. In contrast, they cracked the more resistant piacava (Orbignya spp.) nut by striking it with the maximum force that they could generate without modulating the kinematic parameters of their strikes until that nut cracked. These results demonstrate that the task-specific temporal organization of percussive movements necessary for knapping stones is within the capability of extant nonhuman primates. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Sender-receiver dynamics in leafhopper vibrational duetting

    Kuhelj, Ankade Groot, MaartenBlejec, AndrejVirant-Doberlet, Meta...
    139-146页
    查看更多>>摘要：A coordinated reciprocal exchange of acoustic signals (duetting) is common in arthropods relying on su bstrate-borne vibrational signalling. Communication between partners is under evolutionary pressures resulting from ecological and sexual selection and reciprocal effects arising from such dynamic interactions may influence the sender's and receiver's mating success. We investigated the influence of female reply duration on male mate-searching effort in the leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi in which the female reply is essential for successful location of the female. In a duet, the beginning of a female reply overlaps the end of the male call and males evaluate only the nonoverlapped duration of the female reply. In playback experiments we varied the duration of female replies within the natural range. The duration of a female reply was negatively correlated with the male calling effort. By increasing her reply duration a female may significantly reduce the male's direct and indirect costs associated with signalling and searching, thus, ultimately, affecting male reproductive success. Males showed high adaptability in signalling behaviour and when female replies were short, searching males shortened the last section of their advertisement calls. This strategy allows the nonoverlapped part of the female reply to be longer irrespective of its overall duration. Despite its deceptively simple form, vibrational duetting may entail more complex interactions than just temporal coordination. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    • Elsevier

    Mother-offspring recognition via contact calls in cattle, Bos taurus

    de la Torre, Monica PadillaBriefer, Elodie F.Ochocki, Brad M.McElligott, Alan G....
    147-154页
    查看更多>>摘要：Individual recognition in gregarious species is fundamental in order to avoid misdirected parental investment. In ungulates, two very different parental care strategies have been identified: 'hider' offspring usually lie concealed in vegetation whereas offspring of 'follower' species remain with their mothers while they forage. These two strategies have been suggested to impact on mother-offspring vocal recognition, with unidirectional recognition of the mother by offspring occurring in hiders and bidirectional recognition in followers. In domestic cattle, Bos taurus, a facultative hider species, vocal communication and recognition have not been studied in detail under free-ranging conditions, where cows and calves can graze freely and where hiding behaviour can occur. We hypothesized that, as a hider species, cattle under these circumstances would display unidirectional vocal recognition. To test this hypothesis, we conducted playback experiments using mother-offspring contact calls. We found that cows were more likely to respond, by moving their ears and/or looking, turning or walking towards the loudspeaker, to calls of their own calves than to calls from other calves. Similarly, calves responded more rapidly, and were more likely to move their ears and/or look, turn or walk towards the loudspeaker, and to call back and/or meet their mothers, in response to calls from their own mothers than to calls from other females. Contrary to our predictions, our results suggest that mother-offspring vocal individual recognition is bidirectional in cattle. Additionally, mothers of younger calves tended to respond more strongly to playbacks than mothers of older calves. Therefore, mother responses to calf vocalizations are at least partially influenced by calf age. (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier