Andre L. GilesMateus C. SilvaGuilherme G. MazzochiniBernardo M. Flores...
e14295.1-e14295.14页
查看更多>>摘要：Excluding invasive grasses is a significant challenge for neotropical savanna restoration. Invasive grasses alter fire regimes with feedbacks on soil nutrient pools, favoring their own dominance over native species. Here we combine remote sensing with an opportunistic experiment to monitor a savanna under restoration before and after a large natural fire. We measured vegetation and soil fertility in a 4-year-old restoration area in Central Brazil, which was subsequently hit by a lightning fire. The restoration area was originally utilized as pasture, dominated by invasive grasses. Over the restoration period, native fast-growing grasses replaced the invasive species. Within the first year after the fire, we found that the fire had reduced aboveground biomass, species diversity, and abundance of native species with acquisitive resource-use strategies. Soil phosphorus and pH increased after the fire and favored the re-invasion of exotic grass species. Our findings suggest that fire occurrence early in the restoration process may trigger exotic grass re-invasion driven by soil nutrient enrichment. To diminish the re-invasion risk from exotic grasses in savannas undergoing restoration, managers should beware of the early fire or manage soil fertility after fire events. Successful restoration may also benefit by incorporating native species with high post-fire recovery capacity.
Katrine G. AhlmannCintia O. QuintanaKristian DebrabantAndrea Lo...
e14364.1-e14364.9页
查看更多>>摘要：Managed realignment (MR) is a nature restoration approach, converting reclaimed areas threatened by sea-level rise into marine habitats. However, the ecological functioning of newly formed marine ecosystems remains poorly understood, particularly concerning the suitability of newly inundated soils to support marine life. This study bridges that knowledge gap by examining how two infaunal species are affected by sand capping of fine-grained and compact sediment after MR of Gyldensteen Coastal Lagoon, Denmark. Understanding these effects is crucial for successful MR outcomes. Our study focuses on the burrow-dwelling polychaetes, Hediste diversicolor and Marenzelleria viridis, to elucidate the interplay between sand capping, sediment properties, and polychaete behavior. Results showed that sand capping influenced the two polychaetes differently. Hediste diversicolor had higher recovery without sand capping, whereas M. viridis showed higher recovery with sand capping. Bioturbation analysis also revealed differences in burrow ventilation and bioirrigation between the two species. Hediste diversicolor caused higher net ventilation in uncapped than sand capped sediment, while the opposite was apparent for M. viridis, corresponding with their highest (83 and 50%) recovery of individuals. The bioirrigation coefficient (α) from nonlocal transport models similarly revealed that sand capping increased bioirrigation for M. viridis while inhibiting solute transport for H. diversicolor. Sand capping impacts benthic metabolism and biogeochemistry, with implications for species survival and ecosystem dynamics. Capping fine-grained sediment with coarse sand favors certain infaunal species while hampering others. While this study was of relatively short duration, further research is needed to understand the long-term consequences of sand capping.
查看更多>>摘要：The urgency to restore ecosystems amid climate change and biodiversity loss has led to widespread engagement in habitat restoration projects. However, many projects fall short of their goals, highlighting the need for innovation. We use a case study at our university to explore how the integration of habitat restoration into university curricula might address some of the major challenges to long-term restoration success. We demonstrate how integration with university activities could help address three key challenges in restoration: insufficient planning and monitoring, limited community engagement, and lack of long-term funding. Our approach demonstrates how involving students and faculty in restoration projects can enhance adaptive management by including these efforts in science curricula, foster community participation through volunteer engagement, and reduce costs through volunteer efforts and collaboration with campus entities. These findings suggest that universities can play a vital role in advancing ecological restoration, benefiting both society and the environment.
查看更多>>摘要：Despite decades of research and practice restoring forests on surface coal mines, success is still variable, and failures often occur. To better understand how variation in site factors and management affects the success of restoration of coal mines, we conducted a survey of tree performance for mine sites in the Illinois Basin across Indiana, USA, reclaimed between 2008 and 2018. We explored the impacts of climate and soil conditions on the survival and growth of planted trees, as well as the cover of associated vegetation. Average overall survival (21%) was relatively low compared to typical unmined sites. Organic matter had one of the most consistent and largest effects on most oak species, with the highest performance between 3 and 5%. Soil phosphorus content was the most important factor determining whether a planting totally failed and affected the growth of White oak (Quercus alba) and Swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), though its effect on White oak was nonlinear. Rainfall in the year of planting had large positive effects on the survival and growth of Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), and Black walnut (Juglans nigra) and temperature in the year of planting had large positive effects on the growth of Bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) and Persimmon. Planting a diverse mix of species is the best option both for approximating natural conditions, and for avoiding problems from the failure of individual species. While conditions vary, successful forest restoration on former coal mines can occur; this study reveals some of the most important factors affecting such success.
Matthew A. BowkerJasmine AnenbergAnita AntoninkaPhilip W. Ramsey...
e14372.1-e14372.11页
查看更多>>摘要：Ecological restoration often requires exotic invasive plant control. In many ecosystems, reestablishment of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) is a desired restoration outcome because biocrusts enhance ecosystem function andmay favor native plants over exotics. We sought to pair exotic plant suppression with biocrust restoration using a novel restoration material: biocrust-covered weed barriers.We tested five different barriers, including three biodegradable weed barriers, one synthetic weed barrier commonly used in the study area, and burlap cloth, because it has previously been shown to be useful in biocrust establishment. We grew biocrust moss over the surface of each barrier type in a fog chamber. Each barrier type was attached to the ground in the fieldwithmoss on the underside of the barrier (moss-down), the top, or not present. We monitored the establishment of moss biocrusts and exotic plants and the durability of the barriers. Themost successful barrier type for biocrust establishment was burlap, but one biodegradable weed barrier made ofmaize-derived polylactic acid (corn) promoted biocrusts, especially in the moss-down position. Only the synthetic weed barrier suppressed exotic plants for two growing seasons. The corn barrier only partially suppressed exotic plants for one growing season. Less durable weed barriers were less able to suppress exotic plants. Though we failed to identify a biodegradable barrier that both stimulates biocrust recovery and suppresses exotic plants beyond one growing season, our results suggest that our goal may be attainable if more durable biodegradable weed barriers were used or created.
Ben YangMichael K. SpaethLorraine S. ParsonsAlbert Barberan...
e14344.1-e14344.13页
查看更多>>摘要：Legacy effects after the removal of invasive plants present significant challenges to restoration. The pivotal role of soilmicrobial communities in shaping these legacy effects is increasingly recognized, yet there is a lack of effectivemethods to mitigate alteredmicrobial communities. In Point Reyes National Seashore (California), although the invaded European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria [L.] Link) was successfully controlled by herbicide treatment, beachgrass litter remained undecomposed for over 5 years, leaving pronounced legacy effects on soil organic matter and microbial community composition. We hypothesized that soil inoculation from uninvaded dune scrub can accelerate the decomposition of beachgrass litter in herbicide-treated sites by restoring the soil microbial communities and the abundance ofmicrobial decomposers. Three litterbags containing European beachgrass litter or litter from two common shrubs at dune scrub were deployed into each plot to assess the impact of soil inoculation on litter decomposition rates.Our results revealed that soil inoculation, regardless of the inoculation level, did not accelerate the decomposition of European beachgrass. Only the decomposition of bush lupine litter, which had the highest litter quality among three types of litter, was accelerated at the highest inoculation level (approximately 11,880 g/m~2). Additionally, soil inoculation increased the richness and compositional homogeneity of soil microbial communities, along with the relative abundances of wood saprotrophic fungi, soil saprotrophic fungi, and lichenized fungi. Although these findings demonstrate the potential of soil inoculation, the cost-effectiveness of soil inoculation limits its feasibility in accelerating the delayed decomposition of European beachgrass litter in Point Reyes.
查看更多>>摘要：This study examines the social acceptance of the reintroduction of large herbivores. Focusing on a representative case study of European bison (Bison bonasus) in Switzerland, this research was carried out alongside a reintroduction project in its early stages in order to measure regional acceptance of human-wildlife coexistence. A representative survey within the reintroduction area and qualitative interviews were used to identify key factors influencing attitudes toward the reintroduction project. The main results showed a very strong polarization of the public, divided into “ecocentric pro-project” and “anthropocentric and conservative anti-project” groups. The strongest predictors of acceptance turned out to be the perception of reintroduction project management and communication, the perception of the animal per se, the affiliation to an environmental association and the perception of regional nature parks (the last two aspects constituting different nuances within a person’s environmental values). This study shows that project planners need to focus on clear and transparent communication about project management and process, as well as trying to get the public to appreciate the reintroduced species as a friendly animal. The present research highlights the societal challenges of reintroducing large herbivores into rural landscapes and aims to assist in selecting measures that take into account the needs of all parties.
Rafael C. BorgesErlane J. CunhaJose E. dos Santos JuniorOrlando T. Silveira...
e14334.1-e14334.13页
查看更多>>摘要：There is still a lack of practical guidelines for understanding species roles and planning restoration strategies to enhance plant- pollinator interactions and support ecosystem functioning. We applied a network approach to understand the evolution of plant-pollinator restoration patterns and identify priority species, thus advancing restoration planning. Specifically, we compared species composition and network metrics along a gradient of time postdisturbance, from the initial stage of restoration to pristine forest in the Eastern Amazon.We found that mining type is a predictor of species composition. We observed the recovery of interaction diversity and pollinator specialization in the early stages of restoration. Mining type affected connectance, interactions, and species richness, and the restoration stage affected the number of links. From the interactions, we built a trait-based framework to select manageable native species for initial restoration. The species selection framework proposed here is useful not only for forest restoration but also for the restoration of other areas and case studies (e.g. agroecosystems, conservation units, and ecological corridors) and can be adapted depending on the goals of each project. Here, we provide practical information for the management of mined land restoration in the Eastern Amazon and for restoration planning across broader scales.
Mateus F. OliveiraPablo O. SantosGuilherme F. OliveiraGabriella O. Trajano...
e14365.1-e14365.8页
查看更多>>摘要：The Fund˜ao dam failure in Brazil stands as one of the most significant environmental disasters in global mining, causing extensive harm to soils and native vegetation. Despite ongoing restoration efforts, the potential of photosynthetic cryptogamic pioneer organisms, such as biocrusts, remains largely untapped. This study explores the inoculation of moss-dominated biocrusts in mining tailings using a novel biodegradable glue technique. We began by assessing the diversity of mosses naturally occurring in these tailings, identifying six species. Among them, Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger emerged as the most suitable species for inoculation experiments. We compared the inoculation of biocrusts within the biodegradable glue bed to direct soil inoculation. Our findings revealed that 94.5% of the inoculated biocrusts adhered to the glue bed after 75 days, demonstrating the technique’s global potential in overcoming challenges associated with moss inoculation. We emphasize the need for further research into the long-term effects of biodegradable glue-bed application on biocrust sustainability across different ecosystems, while also implementing habitat improvements to mitigate other environmental stress.
查看更多>>摘要：Wetlands are vital for humanity and include some of the most productive, diverse, and service-rich ecosystems in the world. Service provided include food production (e.g., fish, birds, and vegetables), protection from flooding and storm surge inundation, provision of clean water and climate stability, and timber resources for construction. Despite these benefits, vast areas of wetlands have been drained across the globe, including in Australia. With growing awareness of the value of wetlands, there is increasing push to restore wetlands and the values they support, such as carbon sequestration. A major challenge for restoration practitioners is to identify what land parcels could be restored and what species they could support. This study scoped the environmental suitability of 125 water-tolerant species of trees across Australia, using randomforest modeling to relate records observed within the Atlas of Living Australia database with spatial datasets of soil and climatic characteristics and water observations from space. Of the 125 species of trees examined, 105 species were modeled with excellent performance. Models were then used to predict tree suitability for existing wetlands nationally, as well as across potentially suitable restoration sites within the Great Barrier Reef catchment, given the strong push for wetland restoration to improve water quality. Within the Great Barrier Reef catchment, over 2200 land parcels covering over 20,000 ha were identified as being potentially suitable for restoration with diverse tree swamps. This study allows restoration practitioners to identify where swamp restoration could occur and potentially suitable trees for planting at those locations.
NETL
NSTL
Wiley