查看更多>>摘要：Natural rubber is a valuable and nonfungible raw material that has numerous applications in various industries. Its biosynthesis occurs in the laticiferous vessels of plants that produce natural rubber, which is of great interest for biotechnology. This review covers the rubber-producing plants and the biosynthetic pathways and genes influencing rubber quality and quantity. It also summarizes the recent progress in applying genome editing techniques to these plants, with an emphasis on Hevea brasiliensis, Taraxacum kok-saghyz, Parthenium argentatum, Eucommia ulmoides and Lactuca species. Genome editing technologies, especially CRISPR/Cas9, have provided unprecedented precision, efficiency and specificity for genetic manipulation. CRISPR-based genome editing has been proposed to enhance rubber quantity and quality in these plants. This review evaluates the recent research developments in the use of genome editing to enhance traits such as disease resistance, latex production and tree growth in rubber-producing plants. Furthermore, it discusses the current challenges and future prospects of genome editing for these plants and its potential impact on the rubber industry. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in genome editing for rubber-producing plants and highlights the promising opportunities for further research and innovation in this field.
查看更多>>摘要：Successfully executing breeding or conservation strategies for forest species relies on a comprehensive understanding of their reproductive systems. In this study, we investigated the mating dynamics of an Acacia crassicarpa seed orchard dur-ing a mating season. Our analysis involved genotyping 84,315 seedlings using forty-two single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP) to reveal parentage in open-pollinated progeny arrays. Our findings indicate that 67.8% of the seedlings originated from within orchard pollinations, 12.8% from a known male parent in a neighboring orchard, and 19.4% exhib-ited unknown pollen contamination. Each open-pollinated progeny array displayed a high level of male diversity, with an average of 50 out of 58 known male parents. Interestingly, on average, the dominant male contributed 23% of the progeny. Furthermore, we observed significant variation in reproductive success among genotypes, with 50% of parents responsible for 84% of the seed production. Spatial analysis revealed that pollination declined rapidly with distance, highlighting the importance of understanding pollen dispersion patterns. By informing enhanced breeding strategies and contributing to more effective conservation tactics, our study contributes to the sustainable management of Acacia crassicarpa popula-tions and holds significant value for forest researchers working with insect-pollinated tree species.
Maheswari PatturajAdwaith ManikantanSivakumar VeerasamyAni A. Elias...
8.1-8.19页
查看更多>>摘要：Teak (Tectona grandis Linn f.) is an economically important hardwood forest tree species from the tropics. We studied the genome features of Indian teak population represented in the national teak germplasm bank (NTGB) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) obtained from whole genome resequencing (WGRS). This is the first genomic characterization study on NTGB clones using high-density SNPs spread across the whole genome. The short-range linkage disequilibrium (LD) spanned over the physical distance of 1.25 kb at r~2 threshold of 0.2 obtained with fine-scale linkage decay analysis using 50,39,635 SNPs is much higher than that obtained in previous studies of teak. We used these genome features to identify the population structure and loci associated with wood traits such as heartwood: sapwood ratio and density. Three distinct subpopulations aligning with the theory of South and Central centers of origin and transfer of accessions from Myanmar were obtained using 4,93,591 SNPs (LD pruning at r~2 = 0.2) from 132 accessions. A 39.4% variation among these subpopulations from the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) reassured this population structure demarcation. The heterozygosity was higher in South and Central subpopulations while the subpopulation from Uttar Pradesh and Odisha was assumed to be transferred from Myanmar containing a large number of rare alleles. Totally 71 significant SNPs related to the wood traits were identified. Some of these SNPs in genic regions were known for stress response and wood formation. Discoveries from this study laid a strong foundation for molecular breeding techniques as well as management and conservation efforts. Additionally, genetic variant hotspots found in different pseudomolecules will facilitate targeted functional genomics and marker-trait association on wood trait studies.
查看更多>>摘要：Auxin is essential for a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes, including morphogenesis and adaptive responses. It primarily exerts its effects by influencing cell morphogenesis and enhancing stress tolerance. The transmembrane transport of auxin is facilitated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins, which are key in regulating the directional flow of auxin between cells and its accumulation within them. Until now, the role of the PIN gene family in Salix matsudana (SmPIN) morphogenesis and its environmental resilience has not been explored. In this study, we identified 28 SmPINs in the S. matsudana genome and our findings revealed some significant unique features of SmPINs in terms of structure, function, and regulation. Additionally, SmPIN1e, SmPIN1h, and SmPIN3c, identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), played crucial roles in salt response, while SmPIN3b and SmPIN3d were vital for adaptation to submergence stress. Moreover, SmPIN2d, SmPIN2c, and SmPIN5b were involved in root generation from callus through the MAPK signaling pathway, highlighting the unique regulatory mechanisms of SmPINs during various developmental processes. Overall, SmPINs are crucial for the growth, development, and stress adaptation of S. matsudana, offering insights into plant morphogenesis and stress responses.
查看更多>>摘要：In the course of the 4th German National Forest Inventory, samples of the two oak species Quercus robur and Quercus petraea were collected throughout Germany. Genetic analyses were performed based on 403 nuclear, 21 chloroplast and 7 mitochondrial markers. The analyses showed good differentiation between the two species based on genetic data. Both species are connected through hybridization and introgression, but only about 2% of the samples analysed were found to be potential first-generation hybrids. Identical chloroplast and mitochondrial haplotypes with lineage specific distribution patterns were identified in both species. Different haplo- and mitotypes showed a tight linkage. Analysis of nuclear SNPs revealed a clear genetic structure in Q. robur, which appears to be largely of natural origin and can be explained by the postglacial recolonization routes through which the species dispersed throughout Germany after the last glacial maximum. Environmental influences, most importantly continentality, also appear to have an impact on the genetic structure of Q. robur, possibly caused by preadaptation within the refugial source-populations. For Q. petraea, the situation seems more complicated and no clear genetic structure could be identified.
NETL
NSTL
Springer Nature