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Wood science and technology
Springer-Verlag
Wood science and technology

Springer-Verlag

0043-7719

Wood science and technology/Journal Wood science and technologySCIAHCIEIISTP
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    Flame retardancy of chemically surface-modified hardwoods by electron-beam-initiated polymerisation of impregnated acrylate monomers

    Pellerin, SoleneSamyn, FabienneWinninger, JeremyDuquesne, Sophie...
    1.1-1.28页
    查看更多>>摘要：Monomer impregnation is a great strategy to modify various wood properties. By choosing the right impregnant, it may lead to a higher flame retardancy of treated wood, contributing to its use in specific sectors such as building interior finishes. Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) were surface-impregnated with an acrylate and a phosphorus acrylate monomer under vacuum and exposed to an electron beam for polymerisation. A surface chemical retention of 100 g.m- 2 was obtained for sugar maple, while the impregnation of yellow birch samples reached one around 200 g.m- 2. X-ray densitometry confirmed an asymmetric density profile due to the monomer penetration concentrated in the first millimetres of the samples. Microtomography and Raman spectroscopy highlighted the penetration path of the monomers in the wood, mainly through the vessels. The lumens of the cells close to the surface were also filled with polymers. The phosphorus monomer surface impregnation positively impacted the thermal and fire properties of the modified wood. A 25% decrease in the peak of heat release rate was observed, and the residual mass was multiplied by two compared to the reference. The phosphorus monomer contributed to the char formation.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Environmentally friendly shape memory smart composite material with multiple response modes

    Suo, FangBai, ZhongyangMa, XiangweiYao, Yongtao...
    1.1-1.20页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cellulose and lignin offer advantages of low cost and environmental friendliness. In this study, a multi-responsive shape memory smart composite material was proposed based on carboxymethyl cellulose and lignin. Lignin imparts photothermal responsiveness to the composite, while cellulose provides water responsiveness. A bio-inspired structure mimicking the water transport mechanism of plant leaves was developed to improve the water responsive functionalities of composite material (shape recovery within 30 s). A self-driven device that mimics the blooming of a flower was successfully fabricated using this composite material. The shape memory smart composite material exhibits a high degree of design flexibility. Based on the mechanisms of water response, a simple structure programming method was proposed, enabling the design of programmable structures with smart and controllable features. This study provides a new approach to the design of multifunctional smart materials, enhancing the application potential of shape memory materials under multiple environmental factors.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    A numerical method to integrate duration-of-load and bacterial deterioration for long-standing timber piles

    Yang, ChangxiKhaloian-Sarnaghi, AniYu, Taoyivan de Kuilen, Jan-Willem...
    1.1-1.15页
    查看更多>>摘要：The strength degradation resulting from duration-of-load (DOL) effect and bacterial decay poses significant challenges to historical timber piles. Many historical European cities still heavily rely on the infrastructure supported by their original timber foundations. A reliable modelling approach on the structural performance of timber piles is needed to avoid the economic loss caused by closing down infrastructure. In this work, we consider a simplified bacterial decay model and develop a numerical framework to integrate the decay model into a standard DOL model. Two approaches are proposed and compared: one considering the homogenised effect of bacterial decay over the entire cross section, and the other taking into account the localised failure accelerated by bacterial decay and applying stiffness reduction to allow stress redistribution. Although the homogenised failure criterion is found to potentially underestimate the effect of bacterial decay, both approaches are able to capture the designated decay pattern. Ultimately, there is a potential for future extension to more intricate loading conditions and decay patterns.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    How genetic origin of Scots pine affects juvenile wood proportion: new modeling approach

    Jankowska, AgnieszkaKozakiewicz, PawelBuraczyk, WlodzimierzKonecka, Agata...
    1.1-1.17页
    查看更多>>摘要：The way of trees adaptation to environments is a vital concern. Presented research focused on wood tissue diversity in terms of the juvenile wood proportion (wood located near the pith and of structure and properties different from outer wood zone, called as mature wood), an important characteristic for wood properties, to assess the evolutionary and functional impact of genetic variations. In this paper, the material from experimental provenance plot in Poland (Rog & oacute;w) was presented. The tested trees were grown at the same time, in the same soil for the same period of time, but the parental stands of tested trees were from the different Polish regions. Based on the results it was concluded that origin of parental trees has an influence on the amount of juvenile wood expressed by the number of annual growth rings, as well as the volume occupied in the trunk of the trees. The wood formation, particularly the amount of juvenile wood, is influenced by the climatic conditions of parental trees' habitat (epigenetic indicators). The amount of precipitation is predominantly important in this respect. The new mathematical model for estimating the number of annual increments corresponding to the juvenile wood zone was proposed. The obtained results highpoint the necessity of taking epigenetic indicators into account in future breeding strategies composed with genetic markers for both wood production and quality in the context of climate change that requires adaptation.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Exploring wood as a sustainable solution for water filtration: nanoparticle removal, size exclusion and molecular adsorption

    Sanchez-Ferrer, AntoniParra, Jenifer Guerrero
    1.1-1.23页
    查看更多>>摘要：In regions where microbial contamination of groundwater and surface water remains a significant public health concern, leading to around 505,000 annual deaths, there is an urgent need for accessible, cost-effective, and simple household water treatment solutions. This study investigated the feasibility of wood as a filtration system, with a focus on its ability to remove nanoparticles. The research underscores the remarkable potential of wood filters, particularly in radial and tangential directions, exhibiting superior particle removal capabilities (> 99%) due to extended residence time and intricate microstructures. The study reveals that wood type selection in this study, i.e., yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and silver fir (Abies alba), plays a crucial role in filtration efficiency, with beech emerging as a high-performing option alongside silver fir. Importantly, the optimal range of size exclusion was identified (160-490 nm), aiding in designing wood filters for specific particle size reduction goals. Wood filters also show great potential for removing a broad range of microorganisms, i.e., bacteria and protozoa, as well as nanoplastics and microplastics, which could have profound implications for water treatment and environmental remediation. Furthermore, the study highlights the adsorption/diffusion process through the amorphous domains of the wood biopolymers, i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, enhanced by electrostatic interactions in the filtration efficiency for small organic molecules, providing valuable insights into filtration mechanisms.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Arnet: research on wood CT image classification algorithm based on multi-scale dilated attention and residual dynamic convolution

    Zheng, ZhishuaiGe, ZhedongZheng, HuanqiYang, Xiaoxia...
    1.1-1.30页
    查看更多>>摘要：Addressing the challenges of low classification accuracy and protracted identification times posed by lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for wood micrograph classification, this study introduces ARNet, a novel model tailored for wood CT image analysis.ARNet significantly enhances the overall image recognition performance by boosting its dynamic feature extraction capabilities and refining its proficiency in processing salient features.The methodology employs residual dynamic convolution that dynamically aggregates convolutional kernels in response to the input image, optimizing adaptability.This optimized field of view across disparate feature layers facilitates the extraction of critical information such as wood texture, pore distribution, and cellular arrangement, thereby enhancing analytical depth.Additionally, ARNet incorporates multi-scale dilated attention mechanisms to capture nuanced feature maps across multiple scales, thereby broadening the scope of feature analysis.This approach not only achieves a profound understanding and efficient processing of the input data but also accentuates critical features, significantly enhancing the distinguishability between diverse image categories.The combination of CNNs and Transformers not only extracts rich local and global information but also captures unique features of images on a point-to-point basis, thereby improving classification accuracy. Experiments were conducted on the Mini-ImageNet, CIFAR100, and CIFAR10 public datasets. The results show that ARNet achieved top-1 accuracies of 65.21%, 78.32%, and 93.39% on Mini-ImageNet, CIFAR100, and CIFAR10, respectively, outperforming other models such as RMT, TCFormer, and SSViT. Additionally, we applied ARNet at the Shandong base of the national wood industry engineering research center to identify transverse section micrographs of 20 precious wood types, achieving an accuracy of 99.50% on the test set. After loading the parameters into the re-parameterized model, the validation set accuracy was 99.20%, with a detection time of 0.024s per image. This demonstrates that by combining residual dynamic convolution with multi-scale dilated attention, the accuracy and real-time performance of wood micrograph classification can be effectively improved.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Analysis of biological adhesion and biomineralization products on the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck

    Zhao, MengZhou, HaoHuang, HeZhao, Jing...
    1.1-1.16页
    查看更多>>摘要：Biological deposition is commonly observed on wooden shipwrecks. This study employs analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy (FTIR), to investigate the microscopic morphology and structural composition of barnacles and their adhesion to the wooden surface of the Yangtze Estuary II shipwreck. Results indicate that microorganisms like diatoms and Trichoderma spp. were present at the interface between the barnacles and the wooden surface. These microorganisms played a crucial role in the formation of SiO2, CaHPO4 center dot 2(H2O), FeO(OH) and CaCO3. Specifically, the bio-mineralized cell walls of diatoms and their cellular contents, including polyphosphates, provided the necessary Si and P for SiO2 and CaHPO4 center dot 2(H2O), respectively. Furthermore, during their metabolic processes, diatoms and Trichoderma spp. supply dissolved Fe ions, which contribute to the formation of FeO(OH) on the wooden surface. This study elucidates four types of bio-mineralized products resulting from microbial activity on the salvaged wooden shipwreck.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Hydroxyl radicals production via quinone redox cycling by the ligninolytic bacteria Streptomyces cyaneus and its effectiveness to degrade kraft lignin

    Molina-Guijarro, Jose ManuelGuillen, FranciscoRodriguez, JuanaFajardo, Carmen...
    1.1-1.25页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microbial degradation of lignocellulose is a complex process mainly carried out by filamentous fungi and bacteria. Among prokaryotes, the genus Streptomyces stands out, with laccases playing a key role in its lignocellulolytic enzyme system. However, bacterial laccases have a lower redox potential than fungal laccases, suggesting that their action on lignin is indirect, via high redox potential intermediates. Prominent examples of intermediates are hydroxyl radicals. In Basidiomycota fungi, the production of these radicals occurs through quinone redox cycling, involving a Fenton reaction. This study demonstrates, for the first time, extracellular hydroxyl radical production via quinone redox cycling in the bacterium Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335, with laccase playing an essential role. The process begins with the extracellular oxidation of quinones to semiquinones, catalyzed by laccase. In the presence of Fe3+, semiquinones produce hydroxyl radicals via a Fenton reaction. The cycle is restored through quinone reduction by mycelium-associated reductase activity. H2O2 production, Fe3+ reduction, and hydroxyl radical generation were confirmed in S. cyaneus. The key role of laccase was verified using a mutant strain lacking laccase activity, in which hydroxyl radical production was absent. The oxidative potential of this mechanism in S. cyaneus was evidenced by the degradation of non-phenolic lignin-related compounds homoveratric acid and veratraldehyde and by the ability to depolymerize kraft lignin. This novel finding of quinone redox cycling in bacteria has important implications for Streptomyces' role in lignin degradation, as well as potential biotechnological applications, including lignin biotransformation and bioremediation of organic pollutants.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Effect of attached weight on the measurement of the Young's modulus and loss tangent of solid wood via the free and forced flexural vibration methods

    Yoshihara, HiroshiYoshinobu, MasahiroMaruta, Makoto
    1.1-1.17页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Young's modulus and loss tangent of a Sitka spruce wood sample in the longitudinal direction were determined using free flexural vibration (FRFV) and forced flexural vibration (FOFV) tests. During the tests, the attached weight and sample length were varied, and their effects on the Young's modulus and loss tangent of the sample were examined. The Young's modulus could be accurately and easily obtained from both the FRFV and FOFV tests using a modified Euler-Bernoulli's equation, with the effect of the attached weight mitigated. No significant difference was observed between the two values of the Young's modulus obtained from the two tests. The loss tangent slightly increased as the attached weight increased when the ratio of attached weight/sample weight was below 10%; however, it significantly increased with the increase in the attached weight when the ratio of the attached weight/sample weight exceeded 10%. The values of the loss tangent obtained from the FOFV tests for different samples were often higher than the corresponding values obtained from the FRFV tests, whereas the loss tangent values of different samples obtained from the FOFV tests were lower than the corresponding values obtained from the FRFV tests.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature

    Microwave characterization and mathematical simulation of dielectric properties in poplar wood with different moisture contents

    Quan, WeiWang, ShiyaoAfsar, Mohammed
    1.1-1.23页
    查看更多>>摘要：In recent years, there has been a marked increase in demand for timber. Conventional timber drying methods, characterized by long drying times and significant pollution, have struggled to meet this demand effectively. In contrast, microwave drying, as an emerging technology, offers the benefits of speed, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, safety, and sterilization capabilities. However, this method also faces challenges such as uneven drying and low efficiency during the process. To address these issues, the article initially explores the theoretical relationship between the dielectric permittivity, moisture content, energy utilization rate, and microwave penetration depth. It then delves into the principles of microwave heating and outlines the main factors influencing timber drying, specifically moisture content and microwave frequency. Subsequently, a three-port circular resonant cavity was designed using finite element analysis software using a homogeneous wood material as a simulation object in order to simulate the effect of microwave application on the uniformity of the internal temperature distribution during the drying process. The simulation analyses and fits the relationship between moisture content, dielectric permittivity, energy utilization rate, temperature coefficient of variation, and microwave penetration depth, culminating in a model of high predictive accuracy. Simulated results confirm that the methods and parameter settings proposed in this paper are highly effective, offering potential solutions to the challenges of uneven temperature distribution and low energy utilization rates in microwave timber drying.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Springer Nature