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Key engineering materials
Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Key engineering materials

Trans Tech Publications Ltd.

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1013-9826

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    Creativity and School Education: Subjects Vs Professional Identity in a Sample of Teachers in Italy

    Orazio LicciardelloMaria Elvira De CaroliClaudia CastiglioneElisabetta Sagone...
    P.515-519页
    查看更多>>摘要：The aim of this empirical study was to investigate the relevance of social climate in the classroom for improving creativity in secondary school students. We hypothesized the existence of a relationship between the Professional Identity of the teachers (or Professional Self), their social representations of pupils, their affective investment in the future (in terms of Possible Selves) and the relevance they attribute to Creativity. The results seem to confirm our hypothesis.
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    Asymmetry of Creative Activity: Product-Based Iterative Measurement Procedure

    Lidia A. MazhulVladimir M. PetrovStefania Mancone
    P.520-524页
    查看更多>>摘要：To measure the relative role of left- or right-hemispheric processes involved both in creation of works of art and their perception, a procedure was derived based on calibrated expert estimations (of works or their authors). The resulting instrument for measurements consists of 7-10 scales and two sets of 'contrastive objects' ('tuning forks,' each containing 7-12 objects). The asymmetry is reflected by appropriate index which varies from -1 to +1 ('pure' right- and 'pure' left-hemispheric dominance, respectively). It occurs possible to eliminate subjectivity both of experts and researchers (compilers of the instrument). The method was used in evolutionary studies concerning 102 composers, 240 painters, etc.; the error of measurement was usually 3-5%. Evolutionary curves built on the basis of these indices, permitted to observe periodical switching between left and right styles in music, painting, theatre staging, and poetry.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Trans Tech Publications Ltd

    Intensity of Creative Innovations: Construing Samples to Measure Artistic Evolution

    Timofey V. KovalenkoPeter A. KulichkinLidia A. MazhulVladimir M.Petrov...
    P.525-529页
    查看更多>>摘要：To compile samples (sets of poets, composers, painters, etc.) characterizing the development of different fields of creative activity, it is necessary to overcome two methodical difficulties. First, it is needed to choose due source (e.g., literary or musical encyclopedia) containing the raw data for further studies. Second, the task of averaging these data arises, because usually these data are described by so-called 'stable non-Gaussian distributions.' Nevertheless, both problems were solved, and evolutionary curves were built, for some national schools of art (creativity of 5982 composers belonging to 40 national schools, 2741 theatrical persons representing 9 national schools, etc.).
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    Periodical Waves in the Evolution of Art: Methods of Study

    Alexander V. Kharuto
    P.530-534页
    查看更多>>摘要：Studies of periodical processes in the evolution of art became rather widespread. P. Sorokin described cycles of about several centuries; periods close to 50 years have been observed in social relations by S. Maslov; numerous cycles in the stylistic evolution of art became well known due to C. Martindale. One of important characteristics of art history is the 'intensity of artistic creativity', which can be measured as the total (summary) volume of encyclopedic descriptions devoted to artists of appropriate creative sphere during every temporal segment of 1..10 years. These rows of 'experimental data' form evolutionary curves on historical time interval of several centuries. Such curves contain two components: a long-term trend and an 'oscillating part', which have time constants of about decades of years. In the row of historical data, these oscillations may be represented with only 2.. 10 'waves' including 2 to 10 sampling points pro oscillation period. The goal of investigation is, to measure parameters of such oscillating components.
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    • NETL
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    Methods to Measure the Extent to Which Teachers' Points of View Influence Creativity and Factors of Creative Personality: a Study with Italian Pupils

    Maria Elvira De CaroliOrazio LicciardelloElisabetta SagoneClaudia Castiglione...
    P.535-539页
    查看更多>>摘要：The aim of the present research was to verify, in a sample of Italian pupils (aged 13-14) and their teachers, whether pupils' divergent thinking and creative personality were affected by social attitudes expressed by teachers towards thought and creative personality. The Williams' Test of Creative Thinking and Test of Creative Personality were used to explore creativity and creative personality in pupils; the Williams' Scale of Assessment of creative performance and rating scales regarding definition and nature of creativity were employed for analyzing teachers' social attitudes. The results showed that teachers of artistic subjects evaluated pupils as more divergent compared to teachers of foreign languages; teachers of maths and technology, compared to the others, assessed their pupils as less creative in personality. Social attitudes expressed by teachers seemed to affect curiosity and willingness of pupils to take risks. No relationship between social attitudes exhibited by teachers and pupils' divergent thinking was found. In future research in different school environments and levels of age of pupils will be analyzed to further develop the topics of the present study.
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    Measures of Emotional and Motivational Processes Activated by Stress or Comfort Conditions

    Valeria BiasiPaolo BonaiutoAnna Maria Giannini
    P.540-544页
    查看更多>>摘要：Under stress conditions, obtained in the field or experimentally induced, changes occur in the nature and intensity of affective processes (emotions, motivations). Symmetrical changes occur under opposite (comfort) conditions. One of the first procedures for determining temporary stress states consists of administering difficult logical tasks (15 minutes), with erroneous or ambiguous feedback and social pressure. For example, some very difficult Raven Matrices were individually assigned to participants. The first two authors later found another procedure equally effective and even more advantageous for certain aspects: the "drawing recollection" of personal stressful experiences. The corresponding comfort treatments are, firstly, a progressive relaxation session in penumbra; or, in the second case, the "drawing recollection" of personal pleasant and positive experiences. To assess the emotional changes, we prepared seven-point bipolar scales centering on the main opposing emotions. As regards motivations, we used a list of nine motivational systems [1]. The whole set of items made up the so-called Self-Appraisal Scales, administered before and after a specific treatment, thereby obtaining a measure through the differences between the two successive assessments. Factor analyses were conducted for selecting the main emotional and motivational factors. Affective reverberations on cognitive processes were also studied and measured.
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    Clarification and Measure of Vivid Illusions Favoured by Canova's Sculptures

    Paolo BonaiutoValeria Biasi
    P.545-549页
    查看更多>>摘要：Three relevant sculptures by Antonio Canova, housed in the Hermitage Museum of Saint Petersburg, were studied during their temporary exhibition, in different years from 1991 to 2008, in three Italian cities: Rome, Venice and Forli. The Canova art works taken into consideration were: "The Graces" (1813), "The Hebe" (1795), and "Love Awaking Psyche with a Kiss" (1787-1798). We performed systematic observations by individually interviewing "in the field" many visitors viewing the three aforesaid works, in order to highlight and measure some vivid visual illusions. These are: the consistency that is visually attributed to the marble, appearing influenced by the meaning of what was portrayed; typical visual shape sub-constancy and rigidity loss when "The Graces" are observed slantwise; visual position sub-constancy, and rigidity loss, when "The Hebe" is observed in different orientations with respect to the beholder position; and apparent movement, with rigidity loss, of the spread wings of "Love" during the rotation on its own axis of the "Love and Psyche" marble group. In this respect, we also have a video clearly illustrating the phenomenon. Specific psychological measures were proposed and performed for these illusions.
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    • NETL
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    Evaluation of Graphic-pictorial Characteristics and Contents in the Representation of Legality

    Francesca BarallaAnna Maria GianniniRoberto Sgalla
    P.550-554页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present study examines how child drawers selectively use a set of potential expressive strategies in accordance with the nature of the topic being depicted. The phenomenological and psychodynamic method in the evaluation of drawing activity may thus be a particularly appropriate way to find interesting relationships between the variables considered. People leave in a world of signs and symbols that are verbal or gestural or, of a variety of other modalities, graphic. Through drawing, it is possible to represent memories, events, propositions, ideas, plans and also properties of the habitus or of the ethos. Several authors [1] [2] [3] have proposed that children's drawings are often based on schemata, which seem to relate to the typical representation of the topic in question. This study lies within broader research into the perception of legality and into the relative effective communication modalities. Primary school pupils, aged 7-9 years, took part in the study to assess the graphic style, quality of shapes and colours, and the graphic accuracy of drawings focusing on the representation of legality.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Trans Tech Publications Ltd

    Real Time Eye Gaze Logging in a 3D Game/Simulation World

    Charlotte C. SennerstenCraig A. Lindley
    P.555-559页
    查看更多>>摘要：Evaluating the effectiveness of virtual environments as training and analysis systems one must take into account both strongly and weakly defined measures of visual behaviour and associated experience. The investigation of cross correlations between strongly defined measures of logged gaze behaviours, and weakly defined measures of subjective perceptions of visual behaviour, reveals significant discrepancies. The existence of these discrepancies casts doubt upon the effectiveness of using self-reporting questionnaires to assess training effectiveness. However, making participants aware of these discrepancies can be a potentially powerful method for increasing the effectiveness of training using virtual worlds.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Trans Tech Publications Ltd

    Theatrical Life and Socially-Political Climate of Russian Society: Measurement of Evolution Intensity

    Timofey V. Kovalenko
    P.560-562页
    查看更多>>摘要：In limits of theoretically-informational approach to the occurrence of culture and art, the intensity of theatrical life is scrutinizing as degree of tension of its dynamics, which flows from quantitative estimation of the cultural public mean's role, their investment in formation and development of art of its aspects and genres and importance of events in different periods of time. Appearance of various creative innovations in theatrical life is conditioning by the level of its intensity.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Trans Tech Publications Ltd