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    Two artificial intelligences talk to each other

    1-2页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Performing a new task based solely on verbal or written instructions, and then describing it to others so that they ca n reproduce it, is a cornerstone of human communication that still resists artif icial intelligence (AI). A team from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) has succee ded in modelling an artificial neural network capable of this cognitive prowess. After learning and performing a series of basic tasks, this AI was able to prov ide a linguistic description of them to a "sister" AI, which in turn performed t hem. These promising results, especially for robotics, are published in Nature N euroscience. Performing a new task without prior training, on the sole basis of verbal or wri tten instructions, is a unique human ability. What's more, once we have learned the task, we are able to describe it so that another person can reproduce it. Th is dual capacity distinguishes us from other species which, to learn a new task, need numerous trials accompanied by positive or negative reinforcement signals, without being able to communicate it to their congeners.

    New Robotics Study Results from Beijing Institute of Technology Described (Desig n of Self-Organizing Systems Using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning and the Co mpromise Decision Support Problem Construct)

    2-3页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Investigators publish new report on ro botics. According to news reporting from Beijing, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "In this paper, we address the following q uestion: How can multi-robot self-organizing systems be designed so that they sh ow the desired behavior and are able to perform tasks specified by the designers ? Multi-robot self-organizing systems, e.g., swarm robots, have great potential for adapting when performing complex tasks in a changing environment. However, s uch systems are difficult to design due to the stochasticity of system performan ce and the non-linearity between the local actions/interaction and the desired g lobal behavior." The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Beijing Institut e of Technology: "In order to address this, in this paper, we propose a framewor k for designing self-organizing systems using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) and the compromise Decision-Support Problem (cDSP) construct. The propos ed framework consists of two stages, namely, preliminary design followed by desi gn improvement. In the preliminary design stage, MARL is used to help designers train the robots so that they show stable group behavior for performing the task . In the design improvement stage, the cDSP construct is used to explore the des ign space and identify satisfactory solutions considering several performance in dicators. Surrogate models are used to map the relationship between local parame ters and global performance indicators utilizing the data generated in the preli minary design. These surrogate models represent the goals of the cDSP."

    Reports from Southwest Minzu University Advance Knowledge in Machine Learning (P rediction of Jte Breakdown Performance In Sic Pin Diode Radiation Detectors Usin g Tcad Augmented Machine Learning)

    3-4页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Machine Learning is th e subject of a report. According to news originating from Chengdu, People's Repu blic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "The design of Junctio n Termination Extension (JTE) is an important step for meeting the reliability r equirement of SiC PiN diode radiation detectors. For early evaluation, Technolog y Computer Aided Design (TCAD) software is often used to simulate the electronic property of detectors with different JTE parameters." Financial supporters for this research include Southwest Minzu University Resear ch Startup Funds, China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities -Southwest Minzu University, China, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology -Peking University, China. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Southwest Minzu Uni versity, "But it is time consuming, which need 1 h or even longer for one case. Here, a TCAD augmented Machine Learning (ML) method based on the fully connected Neural Network (NN) algorithm is proposed to predict the breakdown performance quickly with different parameters of Spatial Modulation (SM) JTE. Utilized simil ar to 5000 datum generated by TCAD simulation, the ML model could be established and achieve good prediction of breakdown voltage and location within a few seco nds. As a semi-supervised learning model, its prediction accuracy of breakdown l ocation is higher than 89.4 % and the determination coefficient R- 2 of breakdown voltage could be up to 0.97 compared with TCAD simulations. Moreo ver, this model could give the relationship curve of breakdown voltages and dopi ng concentration, which is useful to choose an ideal structure with a wide impla ntation dose window."

    University of Antioquia Reports Findings in Robotics (Embodied essentialism in t he reconstruction of the animal sign in robot animal design)

    4-4页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Robotics is the subjec t of a report. According to news reporting originating in Medellin, Colombia, by NewsRx editors, the research stated, "Robot animals are important for the inter pretation of the biological world. In this paper, I show that specific design so lutions for robot animal signs usually privilege the overall perception of biolo gical systems (and animal signs in general) as machinic entities, which ignores the role of identity self-generation and sustainability, the hallmark of biologi cal signs." The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from the University of Ant ioquia, "Animal signs are semiotic systems that operate roughly on three subsyst ems: affordance mapping (related with niche construction and embeddedness), esse nce categorization, displaying co-enabling relations within the animal system, a nd sensorimotor autonomy. Of these interrelated systems, the first two are commo nly associated with robot animal design and conceptualization, whereas the third one suffers from the unsolved AI design problem of engineering true context-dep endent sensitivity. As a result, a semiotic blindness toward biological organism s has derived in dissociated perceptions of robot animals as objects that emulat e their biological counterparts through both biomorphic affordance design (biomo rphism) and bioinspired task completion."

    Amsterdam University Medical Center Reports Findings in Cholangiocarcinoma (Robo tic Versus Open Hepatic Arterial Infusion Pump Placement for Unresectable Intrah epatic Cholangiocarcinoma)

    5-5页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Oncology-Cholangioca rcinoma is the subject of a report. According to news reporting originating in A msterdam, Netherlands, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Hepatic arterial infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with u nresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). HAIP chemotherapy requires a catheter inserted in the gastroduodenal artery and a subcutaneous pump." The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Amsterdam University Medical Center, "The catheter can be placed using an open or robotic approach. T his study aimed to compare perioperative outcomes of robotic versus open HAIP pl acement in patients with unresectable iCCA. We analyzed patients with unresectab le iCCA included in the PUMP-II trial from January 2020 to September 2022 underg oing robotic or open HAIP placement at Amsterdam UMC, Erasmus MC, and UMC Utrech t. The primary outcome was time to functional recovery (TTFR). In total, 22 robo tic and 28 open HAIP placements were performed. The median TTFR was 2 days after robotic placement versus 5 days after open HAIP placement (p <0.001). One patient (4.5%) in the robotic group underwent a conver sion to open because of a large bulky tumor leaning on the hilum immobilizing th e liver. Postoperative complications were similar-36% (8/22) after robotic placement versus 39% (11/28) after open placement (p = 1. 000). The median length of hospital stay was shorter in the robotic group-3 vers us 5 days (p <0.001). All 22 robotic patients initiated HA IP chemotherapy post-surgery, i.e. 93% (26/28) in the open group ( p = 0.497). The median time to start HAIP chemotherapy was 14 versus 18 days (p = 0.153)."

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Reports Findings in Mac hine Learning (Comparative performance analysis of Boruta, SHAP, and Borutashap for disease diagnosis: A study with multiple machine learning algorithms)

    6-6页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News-New research on Machine Learning is the subject o f a report. According to news originating from Chengdu, People's Republic of Chi na, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Interpretable machine learning m odels are instrumental in disease diagnosis and clinical decision-making, sheddi ng light on relevant features. Notably, Boruta, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanati ons), and BorutaShap were employed for feature selection, each contributing to t he identification of crucial features." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the University of E lectronic Science and Technology of China, "These selected features were then ut ilized to train six machine learning algorithms, including LR, SVM, ETC, AdaBoos t, RF, and LR, using diverse medical datasets obtained from public sources after rigorous preprocessing. The performance of each feature selection technique was evaluated across multiple ML models, assessing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Among these, SHAP showcased superior performance, achieving a verage accuracies of 80.17%, 85.13%, 90.00% , and 99.55% across diabetes, cardiovascular, statlog, and thyroid disease datasets, respectively. Notably, the LGBM emerged as the most effective algorithm, boasting an average accuracy of 91.00% for most diseas e states. Moreover, SHAP enhanced the interpretability of the models, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving disease diagnosis. This comprehensive study contributes significant insights into feature selection tec hniques and machine learning algorithms for disease diagnosis, benefiting resear chers and practitioners in the medical field."

    Research from University of Georgia in the Area of Robotics Published (Robotic M ulti-Boll Cotton Harvester System Integration and Performance Evaluation)

    7-7页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News-A new study on robotics is now available. Accordi ng to news reporting from Athens, Georgia, by NewsRx journalists, research state d, "Several studies on robotic cotton harvesters have designed their end-effecto rs and harvesting algorithms based on the approach of harvesting a single cotton boll at a time." Financial supporters for this research include Cotton Incorporated. The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from University of Ge orgia: "These robotic cotton harvesting systems often have slow harvesting times per boll due to limited computational speed and the extended time taken by actu ators to approach and retract for picking individual cotton bolls. This study mo dified the design of the previous version of the end-effector with the aim of im proving the picking ratio and picking time per boll. This study designed and fab ricated a pullback reel to pull the cotton plants backward while the rover harve sted and moved down the row. Additionally, a YOLOv4 cotton detection model and h ierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm were implemented to detect cotton bolls and cluster them. A harvesting algorithm was then developed to harvest th e cotton bolls in clusters. The modified end-effector, pullback reel, vacuum con veying system, cotton detection model, clustering algorithm, and straight-line p ath planning algorithm were integrated into a small red rover, and both lab and field tests were conducted."

    Findings from Huazhong University of Science and Technology Yields New Data on R obotics (Cme-epc: a Coarse-mechanism Embedded Error Prediction and Compensation Framework for Robot Multi-condition Tasks)

    8-8页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Research findings on Robotics are disc ussed in a new report. According to news reporting originating from Wuhan, Peopl e's Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "While industr ial robots are widely used in various fields owing to their large workspace and high flexibility, significant errors constrain their application in high-precisi on scenarios. Though there have been notable achievements in mechanism modeling for different working conditions, they are complex, work-dependent, and difficul t to apply conveniently to multiple operating conditions." Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, "Therefore, a coarse-mechanism embedded error predic tion and compensation (CME-EPC) framework for robot multi-condition tasks is pro posed, combining knowledge-rich coarse mechanism models and intelligent algorith ms. These modules are proposed in CME-EPC, including coarse mechanism embedded s imulation domain construction, active learning-based labeling of few-shots, and clusteringguided balanced domain adaptation transfer learning. These modules pe rform jointly to achieve accurate prediction and reliable compensation of errors . The proposed framework is experimentally validated in four tasks under three c onditions, achieving superior performance compared to the other six methods with a conventional coarse-mechanism model and 10 % of the labeled sam ples."

    University of Quebec Trois-Rivieres Reports Findings in Machine Learning (A Revi ew on Automated Sleep Study)

    9-9页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Machine Learning is th e subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Trois Rivieres, Canada , by NewsRx editors, research stated, "In recent years, research on automated sl eep analysis has witnessed significant growth, reflecting advancements in unders tanding sleep patterns and their impact on overall health. This review synthesiz es findings from an exhaustive analysis of 87 papers, systematically retrieved f rom prominent databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Science Direct." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the University of Q uebec Trois-Rivieres, "The selection criteria prioritized studies focusing on me thods employed, signal modalities utilized, and machine learning algorithms appl ied in automated sleep analysis. The overarching goal was to critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed methods, shedding light on the cur rent landscape and future directions in sleep research. An in-depth exploration of the reviewed literature revealed a diverse range of methodologies and machine learning approaches employed in automated sleep studies. Notably, K-Nearest Nei ghbors (KNN), Ensemble Learning Methods, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) emerge d as versatile and potent classifiers, exhibiting high accuracies in various app lications. However, challenges such as performance variability and computational demands were observed, necessitating judicious classifier selection based on da taset intricacies. In addition, the integration of traditional feature extractio n methods with deep structures and the combination of different deep neural netw orks were identified as promising strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy in s leep-related studies. The reviewed literature emphasized the need for adaptive c lassifiers, cross-modality integration, and collaborative efforts to drive the f ield toward more accurate, robust, and accessible sleep-related diagnostic solut ions. This comprehensive review serves as a solid foundation for researchers and practitioners, providing an organized synthesis of the current state of knowled ge in automated sleep analysis."

    Chinese Academy of Sciences Reports Findings in Cancer Gene Therapy (Robotic Act uation-Mediated Quantitative Mechanogenetics for Noninvasive and On-Demand Cance r Therapy)

    10-10页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Biotechnology-Cancer Gene Therapy is the subject of a report. According to news reporting originatin g from Changchun, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Cell mechanotransduction signals are important targets for physical th erapy. However, current physiotherapy heavily relies on ultrasound, which is gen erated by high-power equipment or amplified by auxiliary drugs, potentially caus ing undesired side effects." Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "To address current limitations, a robotic actuation-mediated therapy is developed that utilizes gentle mechanical loads to activate mechanosensitive ion channels. The resulting calcium influx precisely regulated the expression of recombinant tumor suppressor protein and death-associated protein kinase, leadi ng to programmed apoptosis of cancer cell line through caspase-dependent pathway . In stark contrast to traditional gene therapy, the complete elimination of ear ly- and middle-stage tumors (volume 100 mm) and significant growth inhibition of late-stage tumor (500 mm) are realized in tumor-bearing mice by transfecting me chanogenetic circuits and treating daily with quantitative robotic actuation in a form of 5 min treatment over the course of 14 days."