首页期刊导航|Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News
期刊信息/Journal information
Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News
NewsRx
Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News

NewsRx

Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News/Journal Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News
正式出版
收录年代

    Research on Artificial Intelligence Reported by a Researcher at University of Technology Sydney (Development of Rock Classification Systems: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Artificial Intelligence Techniques)

    76-77页
    查看更多>>摘要:Data detailed on artificial intelligence have been presented. According to news originating from Ultimo, Australia, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “At the initial phases of tunnel design, information on rock properties is often limited.” Our news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from University of Technology Sydney: “In such instances, the engineering classification of the rock is recommended as a primary assessment of its geotechnical condition. This paper reviews different rock mass classification methods in the tunnel industry. First, some important considerations for the classification of rock are discussed, such as rock quality designation (RQD), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and groundwater condition. Traditional rock classification methods are then assessed, including the rock structure rating (RSR), rock mass rating (RMR), rock mass index (RMI), geological strength index (GSI) and tunnelling quality index (Q system). As RMR and the Q system are two commonly used methods, the relationships between them are summarized and explored. Subsequently, we introduce the detailed application of artificial intelligence (AI) method on rock classification.”

    Reports Outline Artificial Intelligence Findings from China University of Petroleum (East China) (Call White Black: Enhanced Imagescaling Attack In Industrial Artificial Intelligence Systems)

    77-78页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Artificial Intelligence is the subject of a report. According to news reporting from Qingdao, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “The increasing prevalence of deep neural networks (DNNs) in industrial artificial intelligence systems (IAISs) promotes the development of industrial automation. However, the growing employment of DNNs also exposes them to various attacks.” Financial support for this research came from Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province. The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the China University of Petroleum (East China), “Recent studies have shown that the data preprocessing process of DNNs is vulnerable to image-scaling attack. Such attacks can craft an attack image, which looks like a given source image but becomes a different target image after being scaled to the target size. The attack images generated by existing image-scaling attacks are easily perceivable to the human visual system, significantly degrading the attack’s stealthiness. In this paper, we investigate image-scaling attack from the perspective of signal processing. We unearth that the root cause of the weak deceiving effects of existing image-scaling attack images lies in the introduction of additional high-frequency signals during their construction. Thus, we propose an enhanced image-scaling attack (EIS), which employs adversarial images crafted based on the source (‘clean’) images as the target images. Those adversarial images preserve the ‘clean’ pixel information of source images, thereby significantly mitigating the emergence of additional high-frequency signals in the attack images. Specifically, we consider three realistic threat models covering deep models’ training and inference phases. Correspondingly, we design three strategies tailored to generate adversarial images with vicious patterns. These patterns are subsequently integrated into the attack images, which can mislead a model with target input size after the necessary scaling operation.”

    Findings from Peking University Reveals New Findings on Robotics (Autogeneration of Mission-oriented Robot Controllers Using Bayesian-based Koopman Operator)

    78-79页
    查看更多>>摘要:A new study on Robotics is now available. According to news reporting originating in Beijing, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “Model-based robot controllers require customized control-oriented models, involving expert knowledge and trial and error. Remarkably, the Koopman operator enables the control-oriented model identification through the input-output mapping set, breaking through the barriers of the customization services.” Financial support for this research came from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Peking University, “However, in recent years, research on Koopman-based robot control has mostly focused on lifting function construction, deviating from the original intention of improving the controller performance. Thus, we propose a robot controller autogeneration framework using the Bayesian-based Koopman operator, significantly releasing labor and eliminating the design obstacle. First, we introduce the Koopman-based system identification method and offer the basic lifting function design criteria. Then, a Bayesian-based optimization strategy with resource allocation is designed, which allows for the simultaneous optimization of the lifting function and the controller. Next, taking model-predictive control (MPC) as an example, a mission-oriented controller autogeneration framework is developed. Simulation and experimental results indicate that, under various robots and data sources, the proposed framework can effectively generate the robot controllers and perform with a far greater level of mission accuracy than the unoptimized Koopman-based MPC.”

    Northwest University Reports Findings in Machine Learning (Evaluation of salivary glycopatterns based diagnostic models for prediction of diabetic vascular complications)

    79-79页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Machine Learning is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Diabetic vascular complications (DVC) are the main cause of death in diabetic patients. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers or convenient methods for early diagnosis of DVC.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Northwest University, “In this study, the salivary glycopatterns from 130 of healthy volunteers (HV), 139 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 167 patients with DVC were case-by-case analyzed by using lectin microarrays. Subsequently, diagnostic models were developed using logistic regression and machine learning algorithms based on the data of lectin microarrays in training set. The performance of diagnostic models was evaluated in an independent blind cohort. The results of lectin microarrays indicated that the glycopatterns identified by 16 lectins (e.g. BS-I, PWM and EEL) were significantly altered in DVC patients compared with patients with T2DM, which suggested the alterations in salivary glycopatterns could reflect onset of DVC. Notably, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model exhibited better performance for distinguishing DVC (accuracy: 0.939) than other models in blind cohort. The integrated classifier, which combined three machine learning models, exhibited a higher overall accuracy ( 0.933) than other models in blind cohort.”

    Middle East Technical University Reports Findings in Robotics (Design and verification of a parallel elastic robotic leg)

    80-81页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Robotics is the subject of a report. According to news originating from Ankara, Turkey, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “This paper presents the design and experimental verification of a parallel elastic robotic leg mechanism that aims to capture the dynamics of the linear mass-spring-damper model. The mechanism utilizes a wrapping cam mechanism to linearize the non-linear force resulting from the elongation of the parallel elastic element.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Middle East Technical University, “Firstly, we explain the desired dynamics of the mass-spring-damper model, including the impact transitions, and the design of the wrapping cam mechanism. Then, we introduce a system identification procedure to estimate the parameters of the leg mechanism corresponding to the dynamic model. Estimated parameters are tested with a cross-validation approach to evaluate the mechanism’s performance in tracking the desired model. Experimental results show that the passive dynamics of the mechanism resemble the linear model as intended.”

    Investigators at Business School Detail Findings in Machine Learning (Do Industries Predict Stock Market Volatility? Evidence From Machine Learning Models)

    80-80页
    查看更多>>摘要:Investigators publish new report on Machine Learning. According to news originating from Changsha, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “In a novel take on the gradual information diffusion hypothesis of Hong et al. (2007), we examine the predictive role of industries over aggregate stock market volatility.” Financial support for this research came from National Office of Philosophy and Social Sciences. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Business School, “Using high frequency data for U.S. industry indexes and various heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) type and machine learning models, we show that most industries are informative for future aggregate market volatility in out-of-sample tests. While the oil and gas industry plays a more dominant role for the component of aggregate market volatility that is associated with discount rate fluctuations, consumer services are most informative over market volatility that is attributable to cash flow fluctuations.”

    Xihua University Reports Findings in Machine Learning [Land subsidence susceptibility mapping: a new approach to improve decision stump classification (DSC) performance and combine it with four machine learning algorithms]

    81-82页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Machine Learning is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Land subsidence is a worldwide threat. In arid and semiarid lands, groundwater depletion is the main factor that induce the subsidence resulting in environmental damages and socio-economic issues.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Xihua University, “To foresee and prevent the impact of land subsidence, it is necessary to develop accurate maps of the magnitude and evolution of the subsidences. Land subsidence susceptibility maps (LSSMs) provide one of the effective tools to manage vulnerable areas and to reduce or prevent land subsidence. In this study, we used a new approach to improve decision stump classification (DSC) performance and combine it with machine learning algorithms (MLAs) of naive Bayes tree (NBTree), J48 decision tree, alternating decision tree (ADTree), logistic model tree (LMT), and support vector machine (SVM) in land subsidence susceptibility mapping (LSSSM). We employ data from 94 subsidence locations, among which 70% were used to train learning hybrid models and the other 30% were used for validation. In addition, the models’ performance was assessed by ROC-AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, odd ratio, root-mean-square error (RMSE), kappa, frequency ratio, and F-score techniques. A comparison of the results obtained from the different models reveals that the new DSC-ADTree hybrid algorithm has the highest accuracy (AUC = 0.983) in preparing LSSSMs as compared to other learning models such as DSC-J48 (AUC = 0.976), DSC-NBTree (AUC = 0.959), DSC-LMT (AUC = 0.948), DSC-SVM (AUC = 0.939), and DSC (AUC = 0.911).”

    Ulm University Hospital Reports Findings in Liver Surgery (Results of robotic liver surgery in association with IWATE criteria - the first 100 cases)

    82-83页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Surgery - Liver Surgery is the subject of a report. According to news originating from Ulm, Germany, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Aim of the current study was to present the results of the implementation phase of a robotic liver surgery program and to assess the validity of the IWATE difficulty score in predicting difficulty and postoperative complications in robotic liver surgery. Based on the prospective database of the Interdisciplinary Robotic Center of Ulm University Hospital, the first 100 robotic liver surgeries were identified and analyzed.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Ulm University Hospital, “Perioperative parameters (duration of surgery and blood loss) and postoperative parameters including morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay were assessed and the results were compared between different IWATE difficulty categories. From November 2020 until January 2023, 100 robotic liver surgeries were performed (41 female, 59 male; median age 60.6 years, median BMI 25.9 kg/m). Median duration of surgery was 180 min (IQR: 128.7), and median blood loss was 300 ml (IQR: 550). Ninety-day mortality was 2%, and overall morbidity was 21%, with major complications occurring in 13% of patients ( grade 3 according to Clavien/Dindo). A clinically relevant postoperative biliary leakage was observed in 3 patients. Posthepatectomy liver failure occurred in 7% (4 Grade A, 3 Grade B). Duration of surgery (p <0.001), blood loss (p <0.001), CCI (p = 0.004), overall morbidity (p = 0.004), and length of hospital stay (p <0.001) were significantly increased in the IWATE ‘expert’ category compared to lower categories. Robotic surgery offers a minimally invasive approach for liver surgery with favorable clinical outcomes, even in the implementation phase. In the current study the IWATE difficulty score had the ability to predict both difficulty of surgery as well as postoperative outcomes when assessing the complexity of robotic liver surgery.”

    Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Reports Findings in Machine Learning (Development and validation of a machine learning-based early prediction model for massive intraoperative bleeding in patients with primary hepatic malignancies)

    83-84页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Machine Learning is the subject of a report. According to news reporting from Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for hepatic malignancies, and intraoperative bleeding is associated with a significantly increased risk of death. Therefore, accurate prediction of intraoperative bleeding risk in patients with hepatic malignancies is essential to preventing bleeding in advance and providing safer and more effective treatment.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, “To develop a predictive model for intraoperative bleeding in primary hepatic malignancy patients for improving surgical planning and outcomes. The retrospective analysis enrolled patients diagnosed with primary hepatic malignancies who underwent surgery at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2010 and 2020. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for intraoperative bleeding. A prediction model was developed using Python programming language, and its accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Among 406 primary liver cancer patients, 16.0% (65/406) suffered massive intraoperative bleeding. Logistic regression analysis identified four variables as associated with intraoperative bleeding in these patients: ascites [odds ratio (OR): 22.839; <0.05], history of alcohol consumption (OR: 2.950; <0.015), TNM staging (OR: 2.441; <0.001), and albumin-bilirubin score (OR: 2.361; <0.001). These variables were used to construct the prediction model. The 406 patients were randomly assigned to a training set (70%) and a prediction set (30%). The area under the ROC curve values for the model’s ability to predict intraoperative bleeding were 0.844 in the training set and 0.80 in the prediction set. The developed and validated model predicts significant intraoperative blood loss in primary hepatic malignancies using four preoperative clinical factors by considering four preoperative clinical factors: ascites, history of alcohol consumption, TNM staging, and albumin-bilirubin score.”

    Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Reports Findings in Breast Cancer (Multiparametric MRI model to predict molecular subtypes of breast cancer using Shapley additive explanations interpretability analysis)

    84-85页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Oncology - Breast Cancer is the subject of a report. According to news originating from Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for molecular subtypes and interpret features using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Patients with breast cancer who underwent pre-treatment MRI (including ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion kurtosis imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion) were recruited between February 2019 and January 2022.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, “Thirteen semantic and thirteen multiparametric features were collected and the key features were selected to develop machine-learning models for predicting molecular subtypes of breast cancers (luminal A, luminal B, triple-negative and HER2-enriched) by using stepwise logistic regression. Semantic model and multiparametric model were built and compared based on five machine-learning classifiers. Model decision-making was interpreted using SHAP analysis. A total of 188 women (mean age, 53 ± 11 [standard deviation] years; age range: 25-75 years) were enrolled and further divided into training cohort (131 women) and validation cohort (57 women). XGBoost demonstrated good predictive performance among five machine-learning classifiers. Within the validation cohort, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the semantic models ranged from 0.693 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.478-0.839) for HER2-enriched subtype to 0.764 (95% CI: 0.681-0.908) for luminal A subtype, inferior to multiparametric models that yielded AUCs ranging from 0.771 (95% CI: 0.630-0.888) for HER2-enriched subtype to 0.857 (95% CI: 0.717-0.957) for triple-negative subtype. The AUCs between the semantic and the multiparametric models did not show significant differences (P range: 0.217-0.640). SHAP analysis revealed that lower iAUC, higher kurtosis, lower D*, and lower kurtosis were distinctive features for luminal A, luminal B, triple-negative breast cancer, and HER2-enriched subtypes, respectively.”