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    Study Findings from William Paterson University Broaden Understanding of Artificial Intelligence (The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in the Era of Generative AI)

    46-47页
    查看更多>>摘要:2024 FEB 05 (NewsRx)–By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Researchers detail new data in artificial intelligence. According to news reporting originating from Wayne, New Jersey, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “In the early 2020s, advances in transformer-based deep neural networks enabled the development and growth of a number of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) systems notable for accepting natural language prompts as input.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from William Paterson University: “These include large language model chatbots such as ChatGPT, Bard, and others. GenAI has applications across a wide range of industries, including art, writing, software development, product design, healthcare, finance, gaming, and more. In this paper, we place these recent advances in a historical, cybernetic context. We analyze ethical issues that arise in the area of software engineering and cyber-physical systems.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “In addition, we explore AI-based challenges in healthcare and medicine, including a number involving GenAI. This research shows the importance of rigorous ethical analysis and resulting safeguards to address the emerging issues with AI.”

    New Robotics Research from Udmurt State University Described (Numerical Analysis of a Drop-Shaped Aquatic Robot)

    47-48页
    查看更多>>摘要:Research findings on robotics are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting originating from Izhevsk, Russia, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Finite-dimensional equations constructed earlier to describe the motion of an aquatic drop-shaped robot due to given rotor oscillations are studied.” Funders for this research include Russian Science Foundation. The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Udmurt State University: “To study the equations of motion, we use the Poincare map method, estimates of the Lyapunov exponents, and the parameter continuation method to explore the evolution of asymptotically stable solutions. It is shown that, in addition to the so-called main periodic solution of the equations of motion for which the robot moves in a circle in a natural way, an additional asymptotically stable periodic solution can arise under the influence of highly asymmetric impulsive control. This solution corresponds to the robot's sideways motion near the circle. It is shown that this additional periodic solution can lose stability according to the Neimark-Sacker scenario, and an attracting torus appears in its vicinity. Thus, a quasiperiodic mode of motion can exist in the phase space of the system. It is shown that quasiperiodic solutions of the equations of motion also correspond to the quasiperiodic motion of the robot in a bounded region along a trajectory of a rather complex shape.”

    New Findings from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in the Area of Photocatalytics Reported (Machine-learning Assisted Optimisation During Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation Utilising a Static Mixer…)

    48-49页
    查看更多>>摘要:Researchers detail new data in Nanotechnology-Photocatalytics. According to news reporting from Clayton, Australia, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “A method for process optimisation using Bayesian optimisation (BO) in combination with a continuous flow photoreactor is presented. The photodegradation of an azo dye, as a proof-of-concept model reaction, using a novel TiO2 coated catalytic static mixer (CSM) was optimised using this BO method.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), “The optimal temperature and flow rate were found after conducting 17 experimental runs, with an overall experiment run time of 21 hours. With full automation of the reactor into a closed loop system, this optimisation process can be carried out in under one day with almost no human intervention. Importantly, the algorithm presented successfully accounts for the challenges of catalyst degradation during processing.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “Machine-learning assisted optimisation of a continuous photodegradation reaction, using a TiO2 coated catalytic static mixer successfully accounting for catalyst degradation.” This research has been peer-reviewed.

    Reports on Robotics and Automation Findings from Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Provide New Insights (Online Calibration Between Camera and Lidar With Spatialtemporal Photometric Consistency)

    49-49页
    查看更多>>摘要:Research findings on Robotics - Robotics and Automation are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting originating from Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “The fusion of 3D LiDAR and 2D camera data has gained popularity in the field of robotics in recent years. Extrinsic calibration is a critical issue in sensor data fusion.” Financial support for this research came from SUSTech startup Fund. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), “Poor calibration can lead to corrupt data and system failure. This letter introduces a method based on photometric consistency for detecting and recalibrating camera LiDAR miscalibrations in arbitrary environments, online and without the need for calibration targets or manual work. We make the assumption that, with correct extrinsic parameters and accurate LiDAR pose estimation, the projections of each LiDAR point onto different camera images will have similar photometric values. By utilizing covisibility information, an error term based on the aforementioned photometric consistency assumption is proposed, enabling the detection and correction of miscalibration.”

    Study Results from Shandong University Update Understanding of Robotics (Multi-robot Environmental Coverage With a Two-stage Coordination Strategy Via Deep Reinforcement Learning)

    50-50页
    查看更多>>摘要:Research findings on Robotics are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting originating from Shandong, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Multi-robot environmental coverage can be widely used in many applications like search and rescue. However, it is challenging to coordinate the robot team for high coverage efficiency.” Financial support for this research came from National Key Research and Development Project of New Generation Artificial Intelligence of China. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Shandong University, “In this paper, we propose a Two-Stage Coordination (TSC) strategy, which consists of a high-level leader module and a low- level action executor. The former provides the robots with the topology and geometry of the environment, which are crucial for robots to learn ‘where' they should go and avoid invalid coverage. Based on the observed information and the environmental topology, the latter module takes primitive action to reach the sub-goal. To facilitate cooperation among the robots, we aggregate local perception information of neighbors from different hops based on graph neural networks. We compare our method with state-of-the- art multi-robot coverage approaches.”

    Hannover Medical School Reports Findings in Gliomas (Task design for crowdsourced glioma cell annotation in microscopy images)

    51-51页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Oncology - Gliomas is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Hannover, Germany, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Crowdsourcing has been used in computational pathology to generate cell and cell nuclei annotations for machine learning. Herein, we broaden its scope to the previously unsolved challenging task of glioma cell detection.” Funders for this research include Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung, Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH). Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Hannover Medical School, “This requires multiplexed immunofluorescence microscopy due to diffuse invasiveness and exceptional similarity between glioma cells and reactive astrocytes. In four pilot experiments, we iteratively developed a task design enabling high-quality annotations by crowdworkers on Amazon Mechanical Turk. We applied majority or weighted vote and validated them against ground truth in the final setting. On the base of a YOLO convolutional neural network architecture, we used these consensus labels for training with different image representations regarding colors, intensities, and immmunohistochemical marker combinations. A crowd of 712 workers defined aggregated point annotations in 235 images with an average [Formula: see text] score of 0.627 for majority vote. The networks resulted in acceptable [Formula: see text] scores up to 0.69 for YOLOv8 on average and indicated first evidence for transferability to images lacking tumor markers, especially in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.”

    Karolinska Institute Reports Findings in Bladder Cancer (The feasibility of an exercise intervention after robotic-assisted radical cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer, prior to the CanMoRe trial)

    52-52页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Oncology - Bladder Cancer is the subject of a report. According to news reporting originating from Huddinge, Sweden, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Complications after radical cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer are common. Physical activity after surgery is thought to reduce complications.” Financial support for this research came from Karolinska Institute. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Karolinska Institute, “However, patients with urinary bladder cancer have low levels of physical activity, and interventions supporting physical exercise are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a physical exercise intervention in primary health care. One of the aims of the larger clinical trial will be to reduce complications. Patients with urinary bladder cancer and who were scheduled for a robotic-assisted radical cystectomy were recruited from Karolinska University Hospital, between February and May 2019. The patients had to be mobile, understand Swedish, and live in Stockholm. The exercise programme was conducted at one primary health care setting over 12 weeks. The exercise programme included supervised aerobic and strengthening exercises, which were performed twice a week, as well as daily walks. Feasibility was measured with process feasibility, including eligibility criteria, adherence, and acceptability, and scientific feasibility, including the ability of outcomes to indicate change, safety, and progression in the exercise programme. Ten patients with a median age of 70 years (min 53-max 86) were included. Adherence to all parts of the intervention was not feasible because of patients' postoperative complications, resulting in dropouts. For the patients who took part in the exercise programme, adherence and acceptability for the exercise period were feasible, but the 6-min walk test was not feasible at discharge from the hospital. Physiotherapists in the primary health care setting perceived the process as feasible. Moreover, the ability of outcomes to indicate change and progression in the exercise programme was feasible, meanwhile no adverse events were registered. The exercise intervention was feasible for the patients that took part in the exercise programme, with respect to safety and progression through the exercise programme.”

    Studies from Jilin University in the Area of Artificial Intelligence Reported (Lung-inspired Hybrid Flow Field o Enhance Pemfc Performance: a Case of Dual Optimization By Response Surface and Artificial Intelligence)

    53-53页
    查看更多>>摘要:Investigators discuss new findings in Artificial Intelligence. According to news originating from Changchun, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “The design and optimization of flow field play a crucial role in the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). This study presents a modular tri-layer lung-inspired hybrid flow field (LHFF) design that incorporates 2D and 3D flow field advantages.” Financial supporters for this research include Development Program of China, Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department, Key Science and Technology R&D Projects of Jilin Province, Program of Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

    Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg Reports Findings in Artificial Intelligence (Prediction of six macrophage phenotypes and their IL-10 content based on single-cell morphology using artificial intelligence)

    54-55页
    查看更多>>摘要:New research on Artificial Intelligence is the subject of a report. According to news reporting from Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “The last decade has led to rapid developments and increased usage of computational tools at the single-cell level. However, our knowledge remains limited in how extracellular cues alter quantitative macrophage morphology and how such morphological changes can be used to predict macrophage phenotype as well as cytokine content at the single-cell level.” Financial supporters for this research include Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs- University of Freiburg, “Using an artificial intelligence (AI) based approach, this study determined whether (ⅰ) accurate macrophage classification and (ⅱ) prediction of intracellular IL-10 at the single-cell level was possible, using only morphological features as predictors for AI. Using a quantitative panel of shape descriptors, our study assessed image-based original and synthetic single-cell data in two different datasets in which CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages generated from human peripheral blood monocytes were initially primed with GM-CSF or M-CSF followed by polarization with specific stimuli in the presence/absence of continuous GM-CSF or M-CSF. Specifically, M0, M1 (GM-CSF-M1, TNFa/IFNg-M1, GM-CSF/TNFa/IFNg- M1) and M2 (M-CSF-M2, IL-4-M2a, M-CSF/IL-4-M2a, IL-10-M2c, M-CSF/IL-10-M2c) macrophages were examined. Phenotypes were confirmed by ELISA and immunostaining of CD markers. Variations of polarization techniques significantly changed multiple macrophage morphological features, demonstrating that macrophage morphology is a highly sensitive, dynamic marker of phenotype. Using original and synthetic single-cell data, cell morphology alone yielded an accuracy of 93% for the classification of 6 different human macrophage phenotypes (with continuous GM-CSF or M-CSF). A similarly high phenotype classification accuracy of 95% was reached with data generated with different stimuli (discontinuous GM-CSF or M- CSF) and measured at a different time point. These comparably high accuracies clearly validated the here chosen AI-based approach. Quantitative morphology also allowed prediction of intracellular IL-10 with 95% accuracy using only original data. Thus, image-based machine learning using morphology-based features not only (ⅰ) classified M0, M1 and M2 macrophages but also (ⅱ) classified M2a and M2c subtypes and (ⅲ) predicted intracellular IL-10 at the single-cell level among six phenotypes.”

    Guilin Tourism University Researcher Focuses on Artificial Intelligence (Research on Role Orientation and Situation Construction of Contextualized Music Performance in the Background of Artificial Intelligence)

    55-55页
    查看更多>>摘要:Investigators publish new report on artificial intelligence. According to news originating from Guilin, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “In this paper, the Skip-gram model is used to process the main melody information of contextualized music, combining feature extraction and Schenkel analysis to extract the main melody note sets and vectors.” The news editors obtained a quote from the research from Guilin Tourism University: “By applying the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to the audio signal, the spectral center of mass and irregularities can be calculated to represent the emotional features of the music. To obtain music features based on wavelet coefficients, the music signal is decomposed, and each scale's signal features are counted individually. Finally, by taking the musical elements as independent variables and the perceived results of pleasure and activation in the contextual model as dependent variables, we compared the variability of the dynamic associations between emotional perceptions and the musical elements among different contextualized music pieces.”