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    Department of Orthopedics Reports Findings in Post-Operative Complications (Comp arative efficacy of robotic-assisted and freehand techniques for pedicle screw p lacement in spinal disorders: a meta-analysis and systematic review)

    38-38页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Post-Operative Complic ations is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Shandong,People's Republic of China,by NewsRx editors,research stated,"The efficacy an d safety of robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement compared to traditional flu oroscopy-guided techniques are of great interest in the field of spinal surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of these two methods in patients with spinal diseases." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Department of O rthopedics,"Following the PRISMA guidelines,we conducted a systematic search a cross PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library. We included randomiz ed controlled trials comparing robotic-assisted and fluoroscopy-guided pedicle s crew placement in patients with spinal diseases. Outcome measures included the a ccuracy of pedicle screw placement,postoperative complication rates,intraopera tive radiation exposure time,and duration of surgery. Data were analyzed using Stata software. Our analysis included 12 studies. It revealed significantly high er accuracy in pedicle screw placement with robotic assistance (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83,95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.20-3.64,P<0.01). Postoperative complication rates,intraoperative radiation exposure time,and duration of sur gery were similar between the two techniques (OR = 0.72,95% CI = 0.31 to 1.68,P = 0.56 for complication rates; weighted mean difference [WMD] = - 0.13,95% CI = - 0.93 to 0.68,P = 0.8 6 for radiation exposure time; WMD = 0.30,95% CI = - 0.06 to 0.66 ,P = 0.06 for duration of surgery). Robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement of fers superior placement accuracy compared to fluoroscopy-guided techniques. Post operative complication rates,intraoperative radiation exposure time,and durati on of surgery were comparable for both methods."

    Researchers from Harbin Institute of Technology Discuss Findings in Robotics and Automation (Chat-pm: a Class of Composite Hybrid Aerial/terrestrial Precise Man ipulator)

    39-39页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Researchers detail new data in Robotic s - Robotics and Automation. According to news reporting out of Harbin,People's Republic of China,by NewsRx editors,research stated,"This letter concentrate s on the development of Chat-PM,a class of composite hybrid aerial/terrestrial manipulator,in concern with composite configuration design,dynamics modeling,motion control and force estimation. Compared with existing aerial or terrestria l mobile manipulators,Chat-PM demonstrates advantages in terms of reachability,energy efficiency and manipulation precision." Financial support for this research came from National Natural Science Foundatio n of China (NSFC). Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Harbin Institut e of Technology,"To achieve precise manipulation in terrestrial mode,the dynam ics is analyzed with consideration of surface contact,based on which a cascaded controller is designed with compensation for the interference force and torque from the arm. Benefiting from the kinematic constraints caused by the surface co ntact,the position deviation and the vehicle vibration are effectively decrease d,resulting in higher control precision of the end gripper. For manipulation on surfaces with unknown inclination angles,the moving horizon estimation (MHE) i s exploited to obtain the precise estimations of force and inclination angle,wh ich are used in the control loop to compensate for the effect of the unknown sur face."

    New Machine Learning Study Findings Recently Were Reported by Researchers at Hoh ai University (Improving Wave Height Prediction Accuracy With Deep Learning)

    40-40页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Machine Learning is th e subject of a report. According to news reporting originating from Nanjing,Peo ple's Republic of China,by NewsRx correspondents,research stated,"A novel con volutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model is proposed fo r wave height prediction. The model effectively extracts relevant features such as wind speed,wind direction,wave height,latitude,and longitude." Financial supporters for this research include National Key Research and Develop ment Program of China,Jiangsu Province Marine Technology Innovation Program,Ch ina,Nantong Social Livelihood Science and Technology Plan Projects,China. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Hohai University,"The proposed model outperforms traditional machine learning algorithms such as multi -layer perceptron (MLP),support vector machine (SVM),random forest and LSTM,e specially for extreme values and fluctuations. The model has a significantly low er average root mean square error (RMSE) of 71.1%,72.8% ,71.9% and 72.2% for MLP,SVM,random forest and LS TM,respectively. Our model is computationally more efficient than traditional n umerical simulations,making it suitable for real-time applications. Moreover,i t has better long-term robustness compared to traditional models. The integratio n of CNN and LSTM techniques improves wave height prediction accuracy while enha ncing its efficiency and robustness. The proposed CNN-LSTM model provides a prom ising tool for effective wave height prediction,making a valuable contribution to coastal disaster prevention and mitigation. Future research should aim to imp rove long-term prediction accuracy,and we believe that the CNN-LSTM model plays a crucial role in developing real-time coastal disaster prevention and mitigati on measures."

    Research Reports from National Institute for Materials Science Provide New Insig hts into Robotics (Analysis of Structure and Function of Ladybird Leg and Subseq uent Design and Fabrication of a Simplified Leg Structure for Robotic Applicatio ns)

    41-41页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on robotics is the subjec t of a new report. According to news originating from Tsukuba,Japan,by NewsRx correspondents,research stated,"Many insects are able to walk vertically or up side down on both hard and soft surfaces. In beetles such as the ladybird (Cocci nella septempunctata),intermolecular forces between tarsal setae on the footpad s of the insects make this movement possible." Funders for this research include Innovative Science And Technology Initiative F or Security. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from National Institute for Materials Science: "In prior work,adhesion structures made from polydimethy lsiloxane (PDMS) that mimic the action of the tarsal setae have been developed. It is proposed that these adhesion structures could be attached to a simplified version of the leg of a ladybird and used in practical applications. For example ,the leg structures could potentially be employed in small surveillance drones to enable attachment to surfaces during flights,in order to preserve battery po wer. Alternatively,the structures could be used in small robotic devices to ena ble walking on steeply inclined surfaces. In this program of work,the morpholog y and movement of the leg of a ladybird were closely studied using a 3D X-ray mi croscope and a high-speed microscope. The positions of the tendons that facilita ted movement were identified. From this knowledge,a simplified leg structure us ing pin-joints was designed and then fabricated using 3-D printing. The PDMS adh esion structures were then attached to the leg structure. The tendons in the act ual insect leg were replicated using thread."

    New Findings from Northeast Normal University Describe Advances in Machine Learn ing (Estimating Landslide Hazard Distribution Based On Machine Learning and Biva riate Statistics In Utmah Region,Yemen)

    42-42页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Investigators discuss new findings in Machine Learning. According to news reporting originating from Changchun,People 's Republic of China,by NewsRx correspondents,research stated,"Landslides rep resent significant risks to human activity,leading to infrastructure damage and loss of life. This study focuses on assessing landslide hazards in Utmah Region ,Yemen." Financial support for this research came from Major Scientific and Technological Program of Jilin Province. Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Northeast Normal Univer sity,"The evaluation involves comparing the effectiveness of the relative frequ ency ratio model with five machine learning algorithms (MLAs) for hazard mapping . Field surveys,high-resolution satellite imagery,and aerial photography were utilized in the study. The inventory map was generated after identifying and map ping 100 landslides. The inventory was then divided randomly into a training dat aset (70 landslides) and a validation dataset (30 landslides),with an equal num ber of non-landslide pixels. Eleven additional landslide conditioning factors we re collected from various sources,and the frequency ratio (FR) approach was emp loyed to identify the most crucial variables for modeling. The models were rigor ously tested and assessed using statistical metrics,including the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests,as well as the area under the receiver operating cha racteristics (AUROC) curve. The findings based on the training and validation da tasets revealed that the RF algorithm (AUROC,0.992) outperformed the other mode ls in generating hazard maps. The XGBoost model (AUROC,0.991),NB model (AUROC,0.970),ANN model (AUROC,0.922),KNN model (AUROC,0.877),and FR (AUROC,0.67 4) were found to be less effective."

    Banaras Hindu University Researcher Describes Research in Artificial Intelligenc e (Patterns in the Growth and Thematic Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Rese arch: A Study Using Bradford Distribution of Productivity and Path Analysis)

    43-43页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New study results on artificial intell igence have been published. According to news originating from Varanasi,India,by NewsRx editors,the research stated,"Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerge d as a transformative technology with applications across multiple domains." Funders for this research include Science And Engineering Research Board. The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Banaras Hindu Un iversity: "The corpus of work related to the field of AI has grown significantly in volume as well as in terms of the application of AI in wider domains. Howeve r,given the wide application of AI in diverse areas,the measurement and charac terization of the span of AI research is often a challenging task. Bibliometrics is a well-established method in the scientific community to measure the pattern s and impact of research. It however has also received significant criticism for its overemphasis on the macroscopic picture and the inability to provide a deep understanding of growth and thematic structure of knowledge-creation activities . Therefore,this study presents a framework comprising of two techniques,namel y,Bradford's distribution and path analysis to characterize the growth and them atic evolution of the discipline."

    University of Glasgow Reports Findings in Robotics (Roboticassisted surgery for left-sided colon and rectal resections is associated with reduction in the post operative surgical stress response and improved short-term outcomes: a cohort st udy)

    44-45页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Robotics is the subjec t of a report. According to news reporting from Glasgow,United Kingdom,by News Rx journalists,research stated,"There is growing evidence that the use of robo tic-assisted surgery (RAS) in colorectal cancer resections is associated with im proved short-term outcomes when compared to laparoscopic surgery (LS) or open su rgery (OS),possibly through a reduced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Ser um C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive SIR biomarker and its utility in the early identification of post-operative complications has been validated in a var iety of surgical procedures." The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the University o f Glasgow,"There remains a paucity of studies characterising post-operative SIR in RAS. Retrospective study of a prospectively collected database of consecutiv e patients undergoing OS,LS and RAS for left-sided and rectal cancer in a singl e high-volume unit. Patient and disease characteristics,post-operative CRP leve ls,and clinical outcomes were reviewed,and their relationships explored within binary logistic regression and propensity scores matched models. A total of 103 1 patients were included (483 OS,376 LS,and 172 RAS). RAS and LS were associat ed with lower CRP levels across the first 4 post-operative days (p <0.001) as well as reduced complications and length of stay compared to OS in un adjusted analyses. In binary logistic regression models,RAS was independently a ssociated with lower CRP levels at Day 3 post-operatively (OR 0.35,95% CI 0.21-0.59,p<0.001) and a reduction in the rate of all complications (OR 0.39,95 % CI 0.26-0.56,p<0.001) and major complications (OR 0.5,95% CI 0.26-0.95,p = 0.03 6). Within a propensity scores matched model comparing LS versus RAS specificall y,RAS was associated with lower post-operative CRP levels in the first two post -operative days,a lower proportion of patients with a CRP 150 mg/L at Day 3 (20 .9% versus 30.5%,p = 0.036) and a lower rate of all complications (34.7% versus 46.7%,p = 0.033)."

    Reports on Machine Learning Findings from Nanning Normal University Provide New Insights (Inversion of winter wheat leaf area index from UAV multispectral image s: classical vs. deep learning approaches)

    45-46页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-A new study on artificial intelligence is now available. According to news reporting from Nanning,People's Republic o f China,by NewsRx journalists,research stated,"Precise and timely leaf area i ndex (LAI) estimation for winter wheat is crucial for precision agriculture. The emergence of high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data and machine lea rning techniques offers a revolutionary approach for fine-scale estimation of wh eat LAI at the low cost." The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Nanning Normal U niversity: "While machine learning has proven valuable for LAI estimation,there are still model limitations and variations that impede accurate and efficient L AI inversion. This study explores the potential of classical machine learning mo dels and deep learning model for estimating winter wheat LAI using multispectral images acquired by drones. Initially,the texture features and vegetation indic es served as inputs for the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model and ra ndom forest (RF) model. Then,the ground-measured LAI data were combined to inve rt winter wheat LAI. In contrast,this study also employed a convolutional neura l network (CNN) model that solely utilizes the cropped original image for LAI es timation. The results show that vegetation indices outperform the texture featur es in terms of correlation analysis with LAI and estimation accuracy. However,t he highest accuracy is achieved by combining both vegetation indices and texture features to invert LAI in both conventional machine learning methods. Among the three models,the CNN approach yielded the highest LAI estimation accuracy (R2 = 0.83),followed by the RF model (R2 = 0.82),with the PLSR model exhibited the lowest accuracy (R2 = 0.78). The spatial distribution and values of the estimat ed results for the RF and CNN models are similar,whereas the PLSR model differs significantly from the first two models."

    Researchers from Huaqiao University Describe Findings in Artificial Intelligence (Future Jobs: Analyzing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence On Employment and Its Mechanisms)

    46-47页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Investigators publish new report on Ar tificial Intelligence. According to news reporting from Fujian,People's Republi c of China,by NewsRx editors,the research stated,"Technological innovation ha s promoted the development of human flourishing. Based on panel data for 30 prov inces in China from 2006 to 2022,this study examines the impact of artificial i ntelligence (AI) on manufacturing employment in China using the two-way fixed-ef fect model and the instrumental variable method." Financial support for this research came from National Science Fund for Distingu ished Young Scholars. The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Huaqiao Universi ty,"The study finds that contrary to the traditional impression of ‘machines re placing humans,' AI technology is correlated with increasing the total number of jobs on the market. Thanks to more efficient labor productivity,capital deepen ing,and specialized division of labor from integrating digital technology,AI o ffsets the negative effect of robots on employment and significantly increases m anufacturing enterprises' market size and production scale,with a significant j ob creation effect. Heterogeneity is evident in the positive impact of AI on emp loyment,which has increased the number of jobs in labor-intensive industries an d for female workers. Regions with more complete digital infrastructure construc tion exhibit stronger job creation effects. Mechanism research reveals that the geographical agglomeration mode of traditional industries are undergoing evoluti onary transitions under the transformation of digital technology,and modern ind ustrial agglomeration represented by virtual agglomeration is an indispensable m ediating mechanism for AI to create jobs."

    Beijing Institute of Technology Reports Findings in Parkinson's Disease (Functio nal and structural gradients reveal atypical hierarchical organization of Parkin son's disease)

    47-48页
    查看更多>>摘要:By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Neurodegenerative Dise ases and Conditions - Parkinson's Disease is the subject of a report. According to news reporting from Beijing,People's Republic of China,by NewsRx journalist s,research stated,"Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit deficits in prima ry sensorimotor and higher-order executive functions. The gradient reflects the functional spectrum in sensorimotor-associated areas of the brain." Financial supporters for this research include Fundamental Research Funds for th e Central Universities,National Natural Science Foundation of China. The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Beijing Inst itute of Technology,"We aimed to determine whether the gradient is disrupted in PD patients and how this disruption is associated with treatment outcome. Seven ty-six patients (mean age,59.2 ? 12.4 years [standard deviat ion],44 women) and 34 controls participants (mean age,58.1 ? 10.0 years [standard deviation],19 wome n) were evaluated. We explored functional and structural gradients in PD patient s and control participants. Patients were followed during 2 weeks of multidiscip linary intensive rehabilitation therapy (MIRT). The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III) was administered to patients before and after treatment. We investigated PD-related alterations in the principal functional an d structural gradients. We further used a support vector machine (SVM) and corre lation analysis to assess the classification ability and treatment outcomes rela ted to PD gradient alterations,respectively. The gradients showed significant d ifferences between patients and control participants,mainly in somatosensory an d visual networks involved in primary function,and higher-level association net works (dorsal attentional network (DAN) and default mode network (DMN)) related to motor control and execution. On the basis of the combined functional and stru ctural gradient features of these networks,the SVM achieved an accuracy of 91.2 % in discriminating patients from control participants. Treatment reduced the gradient difference. The altered gradient exhibited a significant co rrelation with motor improvement and was mainly distributed across the visual ne twork,DAN and DMN. This study revealed damage to gradients in the brain charact erized by sensorimotor and executive control deficits in PD patients."