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Journal of hazardous, toxic and radioactive waste
American Society of Civil Engineers
Journal of hazardous, toxic and radioactive waste

American Society of Civil Engineers

季刊

2153-5493

Journal of hazardous, toxic and radioactive waste/Journal Journal of hazardous, toxic and radioactive waste
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    Enhancing Mechanical Characteristics of Fly Ash and Fly Ash–Stone Dust Using Geopolymerization Technique

    Uday Shankar YadavArvind Kumar Jha
    1.1-1.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Geopolymer, an inorganic aluminosilicate polymer, is considered a sustainable construction material. However, a notable research gap still persists in minimizing the use of alkali activators and calcium-based additives by using suitable industrial byproducts such as fly ash and stone dust. The present study aimed to optimize various geopolymerization parameters (concentration of solutions, temperature, and curing period), explore the strength and durability of geopolymer-based materials, and find out the mechanisms by conducting microlevel investigations and physicochemical analyses. The results reveal that geopolymer ratios of 1:0.25 and temperature of 100°C are found to be optimum based on compressive strength for fly ash and stone dust and their combinations. The samples subjected to freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles reveal only a minor loss in compressive strength (i.e., 4%–6%) for all compositions, demonstrating the resilience of geopolymer building materials even in adverse environmental circumstances. Further, the longevity potential of the optimized compositions is evaluated at different curing periods. Additionally, microlevel investigations (X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry) confirm the formation mechanism of reaction products and microstructural changes. Further, the potential of hydrogen and electrical conductivity values assess the physicochemical properties for understanding their effect on geopolymer reactions and the mechanical behavior of compositions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Physical and Chemical Investigation of Crude Oil Adsorption Using Bentonite Nanofluid in Contaminated Bushehr Carbonate Sand

    Masoud NasiriEhsan Amiri
    1.1-1.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Guaranteeing the civil engineering structures’ safety around oil wells is a crucial problem in civil and environmental engineering. The spillage of crude oil (CO) in soils leads to an intense decline in strength, causing severe ecosystem catastrophes. This matter is critical for oil-rich nations, such as Iran, with numerous CO resources. This study performs precise chemical analysis and cyclic and static simple shear tests (SSTs) on Bushehr carbonate sand (BCS). Since the dynamic resistance of carbonate sand (CS) is significantly different from quartz sand, this study investigates the CO-contaminated BCS. This investigation introduced a novel method for CO adsorption from contaminated carbonate sand. Bentonite nanofluid (BNF) is a novel soil treatment agent that considerably enhances the CO-contaminated BCS strength. The relative density of BCS specimens for SST was 60%, and CO in contaminated BCS samples was 6wt% (designated contamination level). This purpose was to explore the influence of CO contamination and the efficiency of an environmentally friendly stabilizer known as BNF, aiming to encounter polluted areas. Four different natural bentonites were studied to obtain the optimum type for preparing BNF. This paper uses SST (in static and cyclic states), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The optimal CO-adsorption was 6wt% of BNF. Using BNF (as a novel treatment agent presented in this paper) causes approximately 20% and 17% increases in dynamic and static strengths of CO-contaminated BCS. The FTIR analysis confirmed the physical experiments and indicated that the peak of the C–H bond is remarkably declining due to the high efficiency of this novel technique in crude oil adsorption.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Bioswales and Permeable Pavements as Green Infrastructure for Flood Mitigation in Chicago Neighborhoods

    Mohamed S. MohamedMadeline BagwellSarah S. AlqallafKrishna R. Reddy...
    1.1-1.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Urban flooding, increasingly exacerbated by climate change, poses significant risks to communities and infrastructure. This study focuses on mitigating such flooding by implementing green infrastructure (GI), specifically bioswales and permeable pavers. The study is conducted in Humboldt Park, a neighborhood in Chicago. The existing parkways (topsoil, seed) and cast-in-place concrete are proposed to be replaced with these green solutions. The bioswale and permeable pavers are designed based on projected precipitation and runoff scenarios. Implementing this GI would result in a 61% reduction in total stormwater runoff, significantly decreasing the strain on local sewer systems and reducing flood risks. Additionally, the effectiveness of these GI solutions in terms of resilience and sustainability is evaluated using the Tiered Quantitative Assessment of the Life Cycle Sustainability and Resiliency (TQUALICSR) framework developed at the University of Illinois Chicago. The assessment first evaluates the resiliency of the GI, considering technical, environmental, social, and economic vulnerabilities. Subsequently, the overall sustainability is evaluated by integrating environmental, social, and economic impacts across the project’s life cycle. The findings indicate that the GI offers enhanced resilience compared with traditional pavement methods. The construction phase of these green solutions significantly contributes to environmental impacts and costs due to the required subgrade preparation for bioswales and permeable pavement. However, the operational phase of these systems yields considerable environmental benefits, offsetting the construction phase impacts. Additionally, public surveys and other social assessments reveal community support for implementing GI. Overall, GI demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing urban flooding with a focused, localized approach, thereby protecting the affected communities.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Toxic Compounds Tracing Related to the Microplastic and Microrubber Waste in the Soil around Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Southwest Iran and Estimating Their Associated Human Exposure Risk

    Zhaleh Mahdavi SoltaniMahboobeh CheraghiNematollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi FardHaman Tavakkoli...
    1.1-1.10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Microplastics and Microrubbers are emerging environmental pollutants that act as vectors for toxic contaminants. Landfills are significant sources releasing these particles. The present descriptive-applied research aims to investigate toxic compounds from microplastic and microrubber waste and the risk assessment of human exposure to these particles in the soil matrix around two old and new landfills in Ahvaz metropolis, southwest of Iran. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was utilized to detect the trace levels of phthalate and bisphenol compounds in microplastics and microrubbers. The noncarcinogenic risk and highest noncarcinogenic risk level were used for risk assessment of exposure to bisphenol and phthalate compounds in particles. Investigation findings indicate that microplastic and microrubber waste present in the soil of waste disposal sites contains significant amounts of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and Bisphenol A. These findings suggest potential human absorption through ingestion and skin contact, posing health risks, particularly for children. The study underscores the impact of microplastic and microrubber contamination on landfill soil and nearby residential areas, emphasizing the necessity for revising current solid waste management policies.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Influence of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation Technique on Mitigating Rainfall-Induced Surface Erosion of the Ganga River Sand

    Abhishek TarunArvind Kumar Jha
    1.1-1.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is an emerging field of microbial geotechnology for surface erosion remediation. Conventionally, Sporosarcian pasteurii bacteria are used mostly for MICP treatment to enhance the soil properties. However, the potential of other urease-producing bacteria on surface erosion prevention is underexplored and, hence, needs a detailed investigation. Further, the insight into the exposure of MICP-treated surfaces to field conditions like natural rainwater and acid rain has not been explored. In the present study, different surface models of Ganga River Sand (GRS) were prepared at 70% relative density and inoculated with three different soil bacteria, i.e., Bacillus sp., Bacillus sphaericus, and Bacillus subtilis. Samples were then treated for 10 days with the cementation solution (0.7 M CaCl2 and urea). Later, these samples were subjected to microanalysis and controlled rainfall conditions. To study the effects of natural rainfall, the rainwater parameters and rainfall intensity were kept closer to the natural conditions. Further, the durability of the biotreated GRS surface was checked against simulated acidic rainfall at a surface slope angle of 45° to examine the stability of the treated surface in unfavorable conditions. Moreover, the change in biochemical properties of the rainwater after erosion was also examined alongside the erosion rate, erosion pattern, and strength of the treated GRS surface. The sand surfaces showed an enhanced rainfall-induced erosion resistance after the MICP treatment. B. sphaericus has shown better erosion resistance performance than the other two selected bacteria in terms of effectiveness and durability. A surface strength of 612 kPa was observed for the samples inoculated with B. sphaericus . It is also revealed that MICP-treated surfaces have pronounced poor durability subjected to acid rain. Despite the effectiveness demonstrated by the MICP treatment process in surface erosion resistance, an effort toward optimization and environmental considerations should be addressed before the process is upscaled.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Potential of Aspergillus niger for the Neutralization of Highly Alkaline Bauxite Residue

    Benazeer SultanaBendadi Hanumantha Rao
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Biological methods are well-documented as efficient and eco-friendly techniques to convert waste into a green sustainable material. This study demonstrates the potential of organic acid–secreting filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus niger in mitigating the alkalinity of bauxite residue (BR). A series of bioneutralization experiments by adding broth containing Aspergillus niger in different percentages (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) with inoculation intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days to BR are performed. The efficacy of fungi is monitored by measuring the pH of BR over an incubation period of 50 days. The analyses of the results reveal that broth additions at all percentages of a 1-day inoculation interval, 15%, 20%, and 25% of 2 and 3-day intervals, and 20% and 25% of a 4-day interval successfully reduce the pH of BR to an acceptable value of 8.5, as prescribed by the Indian Road Congress standard. When considering the economy, it is perceived that 20% broth addition with a 4-day inoculation interval is optimal. The underlying mechanism for pH decline is corroborated by the reaction of H+ ions, dissociated from the organic acids secreted by filamentous fungi, with various alkaline substances of BR. The performance of fungi is further assessed by measuring the rate of decline parameter, which is found to be dependent on percent broth addition and inoculation interval. The outcome of this study gives an insight that microbial-driven remediation could become a practical, sustainable, and eco-friendly method for in situ rehabilitation of BR and thereby convert it into green material.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Toxicological Impacts and Microbial-Mediated Degradation Processes of Microplastics

    Arti HansdaSoubhagya Keshari ChandBhubaneswar PradhanSasmita Chand...
    1.1-1.18页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Synthetic plastics are essential elements of our daily life; therefore, their accumulation in the environment is a subject of major concern, owing to their nondegradability and detrimental effects on the environment. When plastics are disposed of as solid waste, they enter landfills and eventually fragment into tiny particles (<5 mm), known as microplastics (MPs), which come into aquatic environments and are taken up by the different aquatic flora and fauna present in different layers. The consumption of these edible aquatic organisms by higher trophic levels, including human beings, poses a significant threat to food safety and human health. This toxicity plays a crucial role in bioaccumulation within food chains and contributes to ecological toxicity. Drilling fluids, pharmaceutical vectors, industrial processes, and mechanical and chemical degradation of large plastic debris are the primary and secondary sources of MPs in the environment. Several physical treatments and chemical treatment processes have been employed for the degradation of MPs. Conventional degradation methods contribute to pollution, prompting exploration of biological degradation. Biodegradation involves biofragmentation, biodeterioration, assimilation, and mineralization, aligning with sustainable principles. The biodegradation efficiency of algae is less understood, compared with that of bacteria and fungi. This article explores microbial degradation of MPs using micro-organisms and microbial products (e.g., enzymes), emphasizing sustainable practices and addressing the urgency of mitigating environmental damage. This study supports a sustainable future by concentrating on biodegradation’s compatibility with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while also stressing MPs’ toxicological impact.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Elucidation of Chemical Compositions’ Effect in Frass Compost

    Khaled Younes
    1.1-1.10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Black soldier fly [Hermetia illucens (BSF)] larvae treatment emerges as a promising solution to increasing waste, resource limitations, and the need for sustainable waste management. This insect-based method transforms biodegradable waste into valuable biomaterials: (1) larval biomass for animal consumption; and (2) frass, a fertilizer that is gaining attention for its trophic impact and potential cost-effectiveness in agribusiness. Despite constant production, frass is less explored than larval biomass. This study leverages principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the complex chemical composition of frass, a significant biodegradable waste product. The PCA is a robust analytical method (variance obtained up to 85%) that transforms correlated variables into uncorrelated principal components (PCs), facilitates a nuanced understanding of frass dynamics, and reveals hidden correlations that are not apparent in conventional statistical examinations. When the data set was considered, the compost samples exhibited high agglomeration, which formed one cluster with a noticeable negative correlation along PC1. Of note, samples of plant-derived biodegradable wastes deviate from this cluster. To address this high agglomeration, the data set has been segregated into subsets. The aforementioned approach increased the total variance in the PCA, which yielded a higher reliability of this approach when analyzing compost samples that were derived from frass. In addition, the PCA of the subsets allowed several trophic conditions by the difference in trends to be discerned. The fresh biomass showed less reliance on trophic conditions (mineral or organic) to enhance the efficiency of the BSF larvae for biodegradation. Waste samples of terrestrial origin would require high pH conditions, phosphorous (P) content, and mineral composition.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers

    Reviewers

    1.1-1.3页
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Utilization of Water Treatment Plant Sludge for Creating Green Bricks and Examining Its Gamma Radiation Shielding Potential

    Rohitash SaranSanchit SaxenaHritaban AcharyaPrathmesh Bhadane...
    1.1-1.13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract This study presents the utilization of water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) as a feasible substitute in brick manufacturing, offering a sustainable solution with significant environmental benefits. The research presents a novel approach for handling low- to moderate-level radioactive wastes, using WTPS bricks as a shielding material for gamma rays. WTPS was geotechnically, physically, and morphologically characterized. Fired bricks were developed with various clay weight fractions combined with WTPS and assessed for mechanical properties. These bricks were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction. Bricks with 20% clay content exhibited the highest dry compressive strength of 27.26 MPa at 1,100°C, with a 127.15% increase in wet compressive strength when the firing temperature increased from 1,000°C to 1,100°C. Bricks with higher clay content demonstrated the lowest water absorption rates. Additionally, these bricks showed lower porosity and higher bulk density with increased firing temperature. Monte Carlo simulations showed that bricks with 20% and 10% clay content (FB203 and FB103) exhibited the highest linear attenuation coefficient values, effectively reducing gamma-ray leakage by factors of 3.43 and 3, respectively. This research offers sustainable construction materials and innovative radioactive waste handling solutions, promoting cleaner and safer energy in nuclear industries.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers