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Butterworth Scientific

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    The 15-minute community life circle for older people: Walkability measurement based on service accessibility and street-level built environment – A case study of Suzhou, China

    Jiang Z.Chung H.Wu C.
    1.1-1.19页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier LtdThe 15-minute community life circle (15-min CLC) concept focuses on providing accessible services for older adults within a short walking distance. However, few studies have developed a comprehensive evaluation system of 15-min CLC walking accessibility for older people, and little is known about the effects of street-level environment characteristics and human perception on 15-min CLC. This study used the Baidu API and an optimized cumulative opportunity method to measure the 5-, 10-, and 15-min CLC walkability for older adults in Suzhou, China. Street-level characteristics and human perception scores, derived from street view semantic segmentation and deep learning, were incorporated into regression models to assess global and local effects on walkability. The results revealed that there was a significant spatial heterogeneity of CLC walkability in Suzhou. The 5- and 10-min CLCs were found lacking in facilities, particularly senior care services. The regression model showed a positive association between perceived safety and CLC walkability, while the proportion of street vegetation negatively affected walkability. The study suggests enhancing senior care, medical, and leisure facilities, especially within 10-min CLCs. Improving service integration in county-level cities and suburbs, and increasing street vegetation in older urban areas, could further enhance the walking environment for older adults.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    City bus electrification in South Korea: Public preference identified through contingent valuation experiment

    Lim H.-J.Park S.-Y.Yoo S.-H.
    1.1-1.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier LtdTo respond actively to issues of climate change and particulate matters, the South Korean authorities have established a plan to electrify all city buses by 2030. This article explores public preferences for city bus electrification in South Korea through the application of contingent valuation (CV). A CV questionnaire was presented to 1000 randomly chosen households along with visual aids to induce their willingness to pay (WTP) for city bus electrification. The payment vehicle and the survey method were selected as bimonthly household income tax and person-to-person interviewing, respectively. As a method of eliciting the WTP, the one-and-one-half-bound dichotomous choice technique was utilized. To analyze the WTP data with numerous zeros, the spike model was employed. The results revealed statistically significant findings. The mean household WTP was obtained as KRW 5195 (USD 4.0) every two months. Expanding this figure to encompass the entire national population results in an annual national total of KRW 680.6 billion (USD 524.7 million). The cost involved in the electrification amounts to KRW 625.0 billion (USD 481.9 million) every year. Therefore, the national WTP outweighs the cost. City bus electrification can be socially justifiable. Furthermore, some policy issues regarding the success of city bus electrification are discussed.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Methodology for Prioritizing Sustainable Urban Regeneration Interventions in Informal Settlements: Case Study in Lima

    Acevedo-De-los-Rios A.Jones-Perez J.Rondinel-Oviedo D.R.
    1.1-1.24页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 The AuthorsUrban areas in low-and middle-income countries are rapidly expanding, leading to a significant proportion of the population living in informal settlements. These settlements are characterized by their socioeconomic disadvantage and being generally located in vulnerable areas along with disconnection from basic services. Urban regeneration projects in informal settlements have increased, however, the absence of a defined method for prioritizing the interventions to be performed has produced a mismatch between the implemented interventions and the local needs. Instead, these interventions tend to respond to preconceived agendas, which, in turn, leads to the creation of unsustainable projects. In this regard, this study proposes a three-phase methodology to prioritize interventions in terms of sustainable urban regeneration in informal settlements. In the first phase, a diagnostic matrix composed of 4 dimensions, 18 variables, and 61 indicators is built based on a literature review of sustainable urban regeneration. In the second phase, an interactive, publicly accessible web instrument is developed to visualize the indicator data for Metropolitan Lima. In the last phase, the instrument is tested, which results in a district-level diagnosis. The proposed methodological approach facilitates objective, rigorous quantitative analysis for local governments to optimize financial resource utilization and facilitate decision-making.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Navigating the network: Comparing modular and non-modular neighborhoods for better pedestrian flow

    Alawadi K.Anabtawi R.Taha R.
    1.1-1.18页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier LtdThis study examines the evolution implications of neighborhood planning, focusing on modular and non-modular Neighborhood Planning Units (NPUs). Modular NPUs, such as those in Abu Dhabi, feature structured patterns that facilitate large-scale growth. Non-modular NPUs, like those in Dubai, have irregular street layouts lacking a clear planning language. This research analyzes 28 samples from 17 neighborhoods to evaluate the effectiveness of these configurations in promoting ordered, direct, and short routes to destinations within a 5- to 15-minute walk. Metrics used include Orientation Order (normalized entropy) and Pedestrian Route Directness (PRD). At 400 m, all neighborhoods had efficient, direct routes. However, at 1200 m, Abu Dhabi's modular neighborhoods provided more direct routes than Dubai's non-modular neighborhoods, which failed the directness test on all networks. While Orientation Order indicates network alignment, it did not correlate with directness at any tested scale; instead. block size and street density were the strongest predictors of route directness. In Abu Dhabi, even fragmented modular layouts achieved high Orientation Order and direct walking routes. Conversely, although some of Dubai's non-modular neighborhoods, had high Orientation Order, they struggled to provide direct walking routes. These results underscore the importance of modulatory and physical design in shaping planning policy.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Socioeconomic and ethnic segregation in Finland: A multi-scale analysis of diverse urban sizes

    Kurvinen A.Karhula A.Ala-Mantila S.
    1.1-1.15页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 The AuthorsRising residential socioeconomic segregation is a globally acknowledged phenomenon that also occurs in the Nordic welfare states. Our study provides a comprehensive view of residential socioeconomic and ethnic segregation across 20 Finnish cities, including both large and smaller cities. We highlight the importance of the scale of analysis by comparing the results from a residential area classification to other neighbourhood definitions, including zip code and statistical grid levels. Instead of relying on a single city-level indicator, we also zoom into different residential area types and illustrate the development of their socioeconomic and ethnic structure between 2000 and 2018. The results show increasing levels of socioeconomic segregation in all studied cities and scales. The increasing levels of segregation are linked to the relative deprivation of residential mid-rise areas built from the 1960s until the 1990s and to the increasing positive selection by income and education in the residential low-rise areas built after 2000. The results for ethnic segregation are more diverse showing increases in some cities but decreases in others. The overall average of ethnic segregation in the 20 studied cities has slightly decreased although ethnic minorities are still overrepresented in the socioeconomically disadvantaged residential areas.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    The impacts of public transportation development on gentrification and poverty in Hong Kong neighbourhoods (2006–2021)

    Leung K.M.Choy L.H.T.
    1.1-1.13页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier LtdThis study examines gentrification situation and changes in the number of poor households in Hong Kong from 2006 to 2021 with data from three census time points. It examines key neighbourhood characteristics and the impacts of recent public transportation development, focusing on both lower-income neighbourhoods and the whole territory. The findings reveal that lower-income Tertiary Planning Units (TPUs) with lower tenant proportions and new Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations were more vulnerable to gentrification. There was a negative correlation between household income and the likelihood of losing poor households. At the territory level, the impact of new MTR stations on gentrification was less significant, indicating greater resilience of the households. Additionally, TPUs with larger proportions of older adults had higher likelihood to experience a loss of poor households. Using difference-in-differences (DiD) approach, improved accessibility from MTR extensions is found to be positively correlated with changes in the proportions of poor households in the TPUs. The results provide valuable insights for designing targeted social welfare, housing and community policies.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Provincial gentrification in the Global North – A literature review

    Kovacs Z.Kubes J.
    1.1-1.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 The AuthorsThis study aims to explore the main characteristics of gentrification in provincial cities in the Global North. The paper builds on recent findings of gentrification research in provincial cities focusing on the demand side. For the sake of the study a literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The paper concludes that gentrification in provincial cities is somewhat delayed, less dynamic and often incomplete compared to gentrification in metropolises. While in metropolises, yuppies are primarily attracted by well-paid jobs and entertainment in the inner city, provincial gentrifiers tend to utilize the practical benefits of inner-city living (e.g., quality of housing, safety, and accessibility). Among the various types of gentrification, marginal gentrification seems to be more widespread in provincial cities. In smaller provincial cities with universities, student gentrification tends to be common, whereas tourism gentrification often dominates in cities with valuable historical buildings. Favorable conditions for new-build and green gentrification in smaller provincial cities are sustained by a relatively good supply of under-utilized sites, high-quality greenery and other natural elements. Future research should devote more attention not only to the different factors of gentrification in global and provincial cities, but also to developing conceptual explanations in these different contexts.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Understanding residents' motivation, psychological involvement, and psychological well-being in urban parks

    Hu Z.Luo J.M.
    1.1-1.11页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier LtdResidents frequently engage in leisure activities in urban parks to alleviate psychological stress, which makes their well-being a key concern for urban planners and policymakers. This study examines the relationships among urban park motivations (push and pull factors), psychological involvement, and psychological well-being through a survey of 331 residents in Dongguan city via structural equation modeling and principal component analysis. The results indicate that motivations positively influence residents' involvement and well-being, with involvement serving as a partial mediator. Theoretically, this study enhances the understanding of the psychological mechanisms driving park use and well-being, contributing to an explanatory model for resident well-being in urban contexts. Practically, the findings suggest that local authorities can increase urban park appeal by investing in diverse leisure resources and accessible facilities. Specific recommendations include developing scenic, accessible landscapes, family-friendly areas, sports facilities, and cultural exhibits to collectively support residents' psychological health and foster community involvement. This study provides both theoretical insights and actionable strategies for promoting psychological well-being through urban park design.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Push-pull mechanisms in China's intercity population migration: Nonlinearity and asymmetry

    Shi F.Geng W.Huang R.Jia J....
    1.1-1.16页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier LtdPrevious research has often assumed a predefined, typically linear, relationship between migration and city characteristics. However, few studies have explored how these factors asymmetrically influence migration as push factors at the origin and pull factors at the destination. This study utilizes mobility data from the return-to-home phase of Chunyun in 2020 and employs the Random Forest (RF) model to construct a nonlinear explanatory framework for the push-pull effects and their asymmetry in intercity population migration. The findings reveal three key insights: Firstly, there is a notable asymmetry between push and pull effects in the predictive importance of feature variables. Pull effects at the destination are more prominent for economic and employment factors, whereas push effects at the origin are more influential for factors related to the living environment and gender differences. Secondly, we identify the phase transition points and threshold intervals of coupling effects based on the variations in the shapes, gradients, and thresholds of the nonlinear push-pull effects. In addition, we examine the disparities in the context of push and pull dynamics for the interaction effects of multiple variables. Thirdly, heterogeneity in demographic subsamples and different urban scenarios is observed, with within-group differences exhibiting various patterns of change. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop targeted population policies that account for the complex interplay of push and pull factors.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Deprioritising cars beyond rerouting: Future research directions of the Barcelona Superblock

    Eggimann S.
    1.1-1.8页
    查看更多>>摘要：© 2024 Elsevier LtdThe Barcelona Superblock is an urban transformation strategy that has gained considerable momentum in the last few years and holds the promise to transform neighbourhoods and cities to be more liveable and sustainable by deprioritising cars. The implementation of Superblocks in different geographies reveals a flexible conceptual interpretation and adaptation. Here, a combination of mobility, street transformation, and ancillary measures is proposed to form the core of successful Superblock implementation. A critical perspective reveals challenges and research needs for a future research agenda along five domains: to quantify sustainability impacts, to perform integrated analysis, to determine optimal locations for implementation, to explore costs and to establish ways for their rapid realisation. Research along these domains is put forward to inform and guide the transformation of public street space to tackle liveability, urbanisation, climate adaptation and climate mitigation. The Superblock is an urban design concept that seeks to bring about a sustainability transition not only in re-arranging routes for cars but also in assigning space to alternative uses. For successful transfer policy transfer, increased evidence-based quantification of positive sustainability impacts and pursuing an integrative agenda that justifies Superblock location choices are argued for, including establishing specific street designs to achieve multiple sustainability impacts.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier