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Innovative Infrastructure Solutions
Springer
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions

Springer

不定期

2364-4176

Innovative Infrastructure Solutions/Journal Innovative Infrastructure Solutions
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    Automation in construction through application of bluetooth low energy for indoor monitoring of construction projects in Gujarat, India

    Arpit SolankiDebasis Sarkar
    210.1-210.16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The inherent complexity of the construction industry often impedes safety and productivity. Real-time project monitoring plays a pivotal role in improving both aspects. While Global Positioning Systems (GPS) facilitate outdoor monitoring, indoor monitoring on construction sites presents challenges. Nevertheless, the latest technologies make indoor monitoring feasible, with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology emerging as a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution compared to contemporary technologies. The study aims to develop an indoor monitoring system for construction projects in Gujarat, India, utilising BLE gateways and beacons with Navigine (online software). The implemented prototype covers 62m~2 of area in an under-construction building across various floors of a multi-story structure. Four scenarios assess positioning accuracy, precision, and overall system reliability, revealing impressive results with 99.05% accuracy and 62.56% precision in tracking. Also, the prototype achieves these outcomes with energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, providing an affordable solution for real-time indoor monitoring and tracking of construction workers. The study addresses BLE technology’s limitations and proposes practical solutions to ensure safety, productivity, real-time tracking, and effective monitoring.
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    Seismic performance of full‑scale modular structural concrete insulated panel walls with socket connection

    Manish AcharyaMahesh AcharyaKarma GurungTadesse G. Wakjira...
    211.1-211.9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Structural concrete insulated panels (SCIPs) are an emerging construction technique for low-rise buildings that offer advantages such as lighter weight, thermal insulation, durability, and affordability over traditional methods. The versatility and practicality of SCIP can be enhanced with the use of modular SCIP (MSCIP), which utilizes precast technology for efficient construction, particularly for disaster-affected areas such as those impacted by earthquakes and hurricanes. However, there is a lack of study on the seismic performance of MSCIP. Therefore, this study investigates the seismic performance of fullscale MSCIP cantilever shear walls. Unlike the traditional use of starter bars for wall-to-footing connections, a new socket connection is proposed to improve tolerance and erection speed. The seismic performance of MSCIPs is investigated based on the test results of three full-scale MSCIP cantilever walls subjected to quasi-static cyclic loading. The experimental results demonstrated significant strength and ductility with plastic hinge formation at the base. The lateral load capacities of the specimens ranged from 17.49 to 19.64 kips. All specimens experienced significant strength degradation after reaching their peak strength, which was associated with mesh rupture within the plastic hinge region. Additionally, the specimens demonstrated good energy dissipation, with cumulative energy dissipation capacities ranging from 13.20 to 18.80 kJ. The specimens exhibited an average overstrength factor of 1.37 and displacement ductility of 4.11.
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    Integrating bacteria and rubber additives to enhance impact resistance, tensile strength, and self‑healing capabilities of concrete

    Abeer M. EisaAhmed M. TahwiaYehia A. OsmanWalid E. Elemam...
    212.1-212.13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Self-healing rubberized concrete (SHRC) represents an innovative approach to improving the durability, strength, and flexibility of concrete while addressing sustainability challenges. In this study, two bacterial strains, Rhizobium leguminosarum (RL) and Sporosarcina pasteurii (SP), were incorporated at 20% of the total water volume with three concentrations ( 10~8, 10~(10) and 10~(14) cells/mL), along with 15% recycled rubber as a partial sand replacement. The impact of these modifications on workability, mechanical performance, impact resistance, and crack healing was evaluated through slump tests, compressive and tensile strengths, impact resistance analysis, and microstructural studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The addition of rubber particles reduced workability and mechanical performance due to their porous nature and lower stiffness. However, incorporating bacterial cultures (RL + SP), particularly at concentrations of 10~(10) + 10~(10) cells/mL, significantly improved these properties. Indirect tensile strength increased by up to 99%, while compressive strength rose by 98.7% compared to rubber-only mixes. Impact resistance improved by 131.8% at the first crack and 123.1% at the ultimate crack under the same bacterial concentration. Enhanced microstructural characteristics, including reduced voids and extensive calcium carbonate precipitation, facilitated effective crack healing and improved durability. The combined effects of rubber and bacterial agents demonstrated superior self-healing capabilities, with complete crack closure observed within the rubberized concrete matrix. This study will describe previous related works on the mechanical behavior of rubberized concrete and compare the behavior of rubberized concrete containing rubber only to that containing two types of bacteria with rubber. These findings highlight the potential of SHRC to deliver sustainable, high-performance concrete with improved mechanical and durability characteristics through innovative self-healing and material recycling strategies. The findings suggest the possibility that bacterial therapy would be a more economical option than CFRP rehabilitation for cracked concrete members, which could be a suggestion for further study.
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    Behavioral analysis of prestressed concrete skewed box‑girder bridges

    Shubhi OjhaPriyaranjan PalP. K. Mehta
    213.1-213.20页
    查看更多>>摘要：The study assesses the effects of variation in span length, number of cells, and span-to-depth ratio on support reactions, bending moment, shear force, torsional moment, and vertical deflection under dead, live, and prestress loads with varying skew angles. In this study, the ratios of forces and deflection are used to present and compare the results for different span lengths, cell numbers, and span-to-depth ratios. Numerous bridge models are studied having different skew angles, i.e., 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60°. The literature on prestressed concrete box-girder bridges for span-to-depth ratios above 25 is almost scanty; hence, an exhaustive study has been conducted to investigate the bridges’ structural behaviour for higher span-to-depth ratios. A finite element analysis of prestressed concrete box-girder bridges is carried out, using CSiBridge v22. The results show that the vertical deflection is more in a single-cell bridge under all the load cases, viz., dead, live, and prestressed; hence, for higher span-to-depth ratios, a double cell box-girder bridge is preferable. The support reactions and bending moment due to prestressed load decrease significantly with the increase in skew angle. Thus, the prestressed concrete box-girder bridge may be considered for higher skew angles. Also, the equations developed for the assessment of forces and deflection in the bridges may be useful to the design engineers.
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    Development and structural performance evaluation of consistent‑sized interlocking clay bricks as an alternative to conventional bricks: an experimental investigation

    Muhammad NumanMuhammad Rizwan RiazRizwan AzamMuhammad Faraz Javaid...
    214.1-214.22页
    查看更多>>摘要：An experimental study is carried out to investigate the structural performance of the interlocking clay bricks developed in this study, whose size is well consistent with the size of the conventional bricks used in the local construction industry. The development of interlocking bricks in this study involves the addition of only interlocking feature, however, the other production processes of developed interlocking bricks such as preparation of brick earth, moulding, drying, and burning are kept the same as in case of conventional bricks. The experimental tests carried out on the interlocking bricks include the compressive strength test, standard prism test, water absorption test, and initial shear strength test. In addition, the wall panels are built using the developed interlocking bricks to perform the experimental tests of the diagonal tension strength test and the in-plane strength test. The results of experimental tests for interlocking bricks are compared with those of conventional bricks used in the industry, and no significant difference is observed between the physical properties and the compressive strength of the interlocking bricks and the conventional bricks. The initial shear strength test results showed an increase of 40% in the initial shear strength of the interlocking bricks in comparison to the conventional bricks. In addition, the diagonal tension strength test results and the in-plane strength test results showed an increase of 52% in the average shear stress and an increase of 57% in the average in-plane load-carrying capacity of the interlocking brick-built wall panels, respectively. It is observed that the wall panels made up of the proposed interlocking bricks showed diagonal shear cracks upon failure and a relatively ductile response as compared to the conventional bricks. In addition, the diagonal tension strength test was performed on two types of interlocking brick-built wall panels, one with a thickness of 228 mm and the other with a thickness of 114 mm; however, both types of wall panels showed similar improvement in average shear stress. The findings of this study will be a useful resource for enhancing the confidence of the local construction industry in enhancing the performance of burnt clay brick masonry by the utilisation of proposed interlocking bricks.
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    Enhancing fly ash utilization in cementitious composites using graphene oxide interfacial nano‑engineering with artificial neural network

    I. RamanaN. Parthasarathi
    215.1-215.24页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cementitious composites with a range of nanoparticles are unique materials with improved mechanical, microstructural, and durability qualities. Graphene oxide is one of the most promising nanomaterial’s used in civil engineering. This study was conducted to inspect the development of graphene oxide in cement and identify its mechanical and microstructural properties. Class f was used in this fly ash in addition to graphene to reduce the demand for cement. The first phase represents the replacement of fly ash in cement in five different percentages (from 5 to 25%) with an increment of 5% for every mix by the weight of the cement. The second phase indicates the addition of graphene oxide in cement with five different mixes which range from (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, and 0.1%) of the weight of the cement. And finally, the combination of fly ash and graphene oxide is considered with a mix of (0.02–0.1%) plus the optimum percentage which is obtained in fly ash by the weight of the cement. The intended uses of the mixes and sets of mixes are while The cost and carbon footprint of concrete are reduced when fly ash is used in place of cement, while its resilience, toughness, are enhanced when graphene oxide (GO) is added in modest amounts. When fly ash and GO work together, concrete performs better in harsh settings, enabling engineers to optimize its qualities through methodical testing. The optimum percentage obtained for fly ash replacement was 20% with the enhancement of 17% for the graphene oxide and the maximum strength obtained in 0.08% with an increment of 22%. At the end of these phases, the optimum percentage was obtained in the mix of 0.08 + 20% which has the achievement of 38% strength. For the microstructural analysis, the characterization study was identified by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Nano scratch test. The compressive strength results were predicted by using artificial neural network.
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    Performance of single and group anchors embedded in polypropylene fiber high strength concrete and relation with non‑destructive response

    Azad A. MohammadLawand D. Ahmed
    216.1-216.24页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present study has arranged to investigate the performance of single and group anchor bolt systems embedded in HSC with or without polypropylene fiber (PPF). The relation between Pull-out load (P_u) and non-destructive senses of Schmidt’s rebound number (SH) and ultrasonic Pulse velocity (UPV) was also investigated. For this Purpose a total of 120 cube specimens for single anchor bolt and 6 block specimens for group anchor bolts were tested. Three anchor bolts (12, 16 and 20 mm diameter) with embedded depths of 50 mm and 70 mm were used. Each embedded anchor was subjected to impact force to measure SH, followed by the UPV assessment and then tested for P_u. With regard the single anchor system, there was P_u enhancement because of PPF addition to HSC by an average ratio of 0.2–.7% and 2.4–.6% for anchors with embedded depths of 50 mm and 70 mm respectively. P_u and SH was found to have a strong correlation with R~2 between 0.811 and 0.917, and in contrast, there is a poor correlation between P_u and UPV. The use of PPF has a positive impact on group anchor bolts that are embedded in HSC at a shallow depth of 50 mm. P_u could be predicted reasonably using Multi Logistic Regression Model depending on the bolt anchor properties, SH and UPV values for HSC with or without PPF. The proposed equation for the Pull-out assessment is a good tool for the structural designer to assess the health of anchor system in HSC with or without PPF. It is recommended to use a reduction factor of 0.69 for the equation proposed to assess P_u for single anchor to be applied on group anchor system.
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    An intelligent GUI for machine learning‑based prediction of SFRC compressive strength under high strain rates

    Hadjer BelkadiAbdelkrim BourzamMessaoud SaidaniSouad Mekbel...
    217.1-217.16页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study presents a novel approach consisting of integrating experimental mechanics and machine learning (ML) to predict the dynamic compressive strength of plain and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) under high strain rates. It addresses key challenges of conventional Hopkinson bar experiments, including high costs, limited accessibility to specialized equipment, and difficulties in replicating extreme conditions. A comprehensive database of 157 experimental datasets was compiled to develop robust predictive models, including random forest, gradient boosting (GB), extreme gradient boosting, and categorical boosting. Among these, GB demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, emphasizing the dominant influence of strain rate. A key contribution of this study is the development of a user-friendly graphical user interface, which transforms these ML models into a practical tool for researchers and civil engineers, enabling cost-effective and time-efficient estimation of SFRC’s compressive strength under dynamic loading. This work highlights the transformative potential of ML-driven approaches in civil engineering, offering innovative solutions to long-standing experimental challenges.
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    Flexural performance of recycled aggregate concrete beams reinforced with basalt fiber‑reinforced polymer or steel bars

    Alaa TahaHamad AlnuaimiNasser AlnuaimiWael Alnahhal...
    218.1-218.16页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper reports on the results of an experimental study on the flexural performance of recycled-aggregate concrete beams reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. A total of eight reinforced concrete (RC) beams were prepared and tested under four-point loading. The parameters investigated included: (1) concrete mixture (0, 25, 50, and 100% use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA)) and (2) reinforcement material (steel/BFRP). The results revealed minimal effects of the use of RCA on the flexural behavior of RC beams. Altering reinforcement material, on the other hand, showed a significant effect on the flexural behavior of RC beams: using BFRP (instead of steel) reinforcement reduced the deformational performance but yielded comparable ultimate capacity of RC beams at 0% and 100% RCA replacement ratios. The cracking loads and crack spacings of steel RC beams were generally higher compared to BFRP-RC beams at the same RCA replacement ratio. Theoretical investigations of ultimate capacities and service load deflections were performed for the tested beams based on contemporary design guides and were compared with the experimental results. The findings of this study underscored the potential of using RCA and BFRP bars as sustainable alternatives to the conventional materials in reinforced concrete.
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    Valorization of treated bamboo fiber in the mechanical strength and durability of concrete

    Sandra Lorena Arcila LondonoJuan Martin Garcia ChumaceroLuis Mariano Villegas GranadosCarlos Arturo Damiani Lazo...
    219.1-219.18页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study aims to evaluate the behavior of concrete reinforced with treated bamboo fiber (TBF) under sulfate exposure, determining its optimal dosage (0.5–2% by cement weight) to enhance mechanical properties and durability without altering the water/cement ratio. The methodology integrates advanced statistical analyses (ANOVA/Tukey) and a cost–benefit assessment. The fibers were cut to a length of 20 mm with an approximate diameter of 2 mm. Results showed that workability and density decreased as TBF content increased, while air content rose. After 28 days of curing, the optimal dosage of 1.5% TBF significantly improved mechanical properties, with increases of: 20.61% in compressive strength, 9.81% in modulus of elasticity, 34.51% in flexural strength, and 31.20% in tensile strength. However, higher dosages (2% TBF) reduced mechanical performance-though not below control concrete levels. Regarding durability at 56 days, mass loss due to sodium sulfate ( Na_2SO_4) exposure increased by up to 72.71% with 2% TBF, yet all values remained within acceptable limits (< 12%). This suggests that in high-salt or severe weathering environments, excessive TBF may compromise durability. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey tests, p < 0.05) confirmed significant differences in all properties. The cost–benefit analysis revealed that 1.5% TBF is economically viable, costing S/400.42 Peruvian soles per m3 while delivering a 31.20% tensile strength improvement. These findings demonstrate TBF’s potential as a sustainable reinforcement for structural and non-structural concrete, provided dosages are optimized and environmental conditions are accounted for.
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