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Water practice and technology
IWA Publishing
Water practice and technology

IWA Publishing

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1751-231X

Water practice and technology/Journal Water practice and technologyEIESCI
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    Contaminant delineation of a dumpsite using geophysical and hydrochemical data: a case study of Agbado-Oja, Ogun, Nigeria

    Rasheed S. LawalMohammad Bashir SulaimanAbubakar YusufAbdulrahman Abubakar...
    4667-4681页
    查看更多>>摘要：Open dumping is a common solid waste disposal method in major cities in Nigeria. The habit of open dumping has a detrimental effect on the surrounding environment, as it discharges leachate from the dumpsites into the aquifers, leading to several waterborne diseases. This study was designed to examine the extent of leachate contamination at open dumpsites in the Agbado-Oja (Oju Irin) metropolis of Ogun, Nigeria. The geophysical properties were determined by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The 2D resistivity imaging data were processed using DIPROFWIN software. The results show that part of the dumpsite with low resistivity (3 Ωm) at a depth of 27.4 m was characterized as substrate materials, indicating decomposed organic materials known as leachate that penetrated up to a depth of 27.4 m. The leachate was also observed to have infiltrated the subsurface to a depth of roughly 30 m in some parts of the profile. The hydrochemical data were analyzed by geochemical analysis, and the results were observed to decline in the order of EC＞TS＞TDS＞COD＞Cl＞TSS＞BOD＞pH＞Fe ＞Zn＞Cu＞Cr＞Cd. The investigated geochemical parameters were below the WHO permissible limits, except for pH, EC, BOD, and Fe. Elevated BOD levels in the samples revealed a high organic influence of the dumpsite, exceeding the drinking water standard.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Analysis of water losses in seven small and medium-sized water distribution networks in the south region of Cameroon (Central Africa)

    Victor Dang MvongoCelestin DefoPaul Fabrice NguemaBoniface Efon...
    4682-4698页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper analyzes and evaluates water losses in seven small and medium-sized water supply networks (WSN) in the south region of Cameroon. Data was obtained from the regional delegation of Camwater for the south region and analyzed using a variety of indices, including the failure intensity index, the unit coefficient of water loss, the real leakage balance (RLB) index, the non-revenue water index (NRW), and the infrastructure leakage index (ILI). Results indicate that the cumulative volume of NRW in all the WSN was 7.3 million m~3, which costs the water utility about 2.4 billion FCFA (or 4.4 million USD). The failure intensity index didn’t perform well for all the WSN, ranging from 0.77 to 30.07 failures/km/year, leading to the conclusion that the WSN studied are not technically in good condition. Only the Ambam WSN performed well in terms of unit water loss. Findings also indicate that the RLB didn’t perform well in all the WSNs, ranging from 27.31 to 2,916.30 L per connection per day. The ILI ranged from 0.02 to 122.65, showing that there is a need for better pressure management, active leakage control, and network maintenance. However, the data used in this study were weak and of low reliability, so the figures shown are just ‘guesstimates.’
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    A review of the effectiveness of metal-organic frameworks in removing dye effluents

    Danial Moshtaghi ShaftiIrvan DahlanAzam Taufik Mohd Din
    4699-4733页
    查看更多>>摘要：This review evaluates the effectiveness of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in treating dye wastewater. MOFs are highly effective in dye effluent removal due to their multifunctionality, water stability, and recyclability. They offer exceptional dye removal and degradation capabilities, with significant surface area and adjustable pore size. Among various dye removal techniques (chemical, physical, and biological), adsorption has emerged as a cost-effective and highly efficient method. Researchers analyse adsorption isotherms and kinetics to understand the efficiency of MOFs in dye absorption from wastewater. Characterization studies confirm the effectiveness of MOFs. Conventional adsorbents fall short of industrial dye removal, thus making MOFs a promising alternative. This review assesses MOFs’ efficacy in treating dye wastewater, highlighting their superior adsorption capacity over conventional materials. Various MOF types, including modified and gel-based variants, show promise. Research into inexpensive and efficient adsorbents from available resources for colour removal is increasingly vital. Studies demonstrate the efficacy of numerous affordable adsorbents in wastewater colour removal.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Exploring effective institutional models for piped drinking water management: a comparative study of Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur and proposal of a new model for Indonesia's new capital city

    Nicco PlamoniaRaissa AnjaniKhaerul AmruAgus Sudaryanto...
    4734-4753页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article presents a comparative analysis of water management systems between two water utilities, Air Selangor in Malaysia and PAM JAYA in Indonesia. The study evaluates various dimensions including performance comparison, input-throughput- output analysis, hierarchy in operational action situations, and internal structures. Key findings reveal that Kuala Lumpur demonstrates superior service coverage and performance metrics compared to Jakarta, attributed to stronger financial performance and effective governance structures. The success of Air Selangor is highlighted, emphasizing the role of gubernatorial agencies in overseeing water resource management and ensuring operational efficiency. In contrast, Jakarta’s water management faces challenges due to central government control and private sector focus on financial targets rather than operational goals. The proposed institutional model for Indonesia’s New Capital City advocates for multi-stakeholder involvement to enhance water provision efficiency and address equitable access challenges. Overall, the study underscores the importance of robust governance frameworks and collaborative approaches in achieving sustainable and reliable urban water management outcome.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Upgrading the eastern wastewater treatment plant effluent quality in Egypt for reuse by means of in-line coagulation followed by ultrafiltration

    Mennat-Allah A. M. NeamaWalid A. ElbarkiMai FayedSamia Aly...
    4754-4772页
    查看更多>>摘要：Providing clean water to Egyptian citizens is one target of the 2030 sustainable development goals. Ultrafiltration (UF) has been investigated as an advanced treatment of the largest treatment plant in Alexandria. Although UF membranes have been widely used to treat secondary effluent, fouling remains a major challenge. The effects of green and conventional coagulants on controlling ultrafiltration fouling were examined. Two different dosages of each coagulant and a combination of ferric chloride and sodium ferrate were studied in a bench-scale setup that was built and operated under identical circumstances. The results showed that the combined ferrate and ferric chloride pretreatment had the highest performance in terms of the removal of organics and turbidity as well as the reduction of membrane fouling. Fouling can be managed in terms of the normalized flux drop with only 0.5 mg/L of ferrate, which performs similarly to 2.5 mg/L of ferric chloride. The higher the dosage of alum used, the lesser the fouling control observed. The green coagulant, when used as an in-line coagulant aid/oxidant with ferric chloride at very low doses, has a favorable potential to reduce membrane fouling and improve permeated wastewater quality, making it suitable for Grade A for reuse purposes.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Short-term water demand prediction using stacking regression-based machine learning

    K. Mohamed HussainN. SivakumaranT. K. RadhakrishnanG. Swaminathan...
    4773-4796页
    查看更多>>摘要：Forecasting of water demand and equitable allocation of local water resources are used to reduce and eliminate water shortages and waste. The key emphasis of this research article is to estimate water demand using the prediction model for the Peroorkada urban water distribution network. The characteristics, such as head, pressure, and base demand, related to the water demand were the features of the prediction model. The prediction model has been developed using python. The water distribution network consists of 99 nodes. The demand graph for a time interval of 6 h has been plotted and predicted for all the nodes, and 24-h interval demand has been plotted for vulnerable nodes, which were determined by the sensor placement toolkit. This study included 13 machine learning algorithms, including three hybrid/stacked regression techniques. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based stacking regressor model performs the best at demand prediction. Single prediction models were outperformed by stacking regressor models.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Modelling of shallow groundwater levels and interaction with drainage system and streams under the impact of climate change

    Soren ThorndahlRasmus Vest Nielsen
    4797-4815页
    查看更多>>摘要：Under the impact of climate change, groundwater levels are anticipated to increase in temperate climatological zones with increased precipitation and sea level rise. Urban areas located at low elevations are especially at risk, and increased shallow groundwater levels can lead to flooding, water seepage into basements, capacity problems in water infrastructure, etc. Furthermore, old sewer systems can act as drains by allowing groundwater to seep into the sewer system. This process can artificially maintain the groundwater level low, and therefore if the sewer system is rehabilitated, the problems are even increased further if necessary solutions are not included in the planning process. In this article, we analyze an urban catchment in Aalborg, Denmark, which is currently facing problems with high groundwater levels. By simulating the groundwater interaction with sewer systems and watercourses, we show that the groundwater table can increase up to 1m under the impact of sewer rehabilitation and climate change. This increase will lead to significant flood risk in the residential area. We propose multiple technical solution scenarios and evaluate their effectiveness, demonstrating how the impact of increasing groundwater levels can be mitigated through implementation of drains during sewer reconstruction, but not completely avoided.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals-based electrochemical advanced oxidation process for treating dye-bearing wastewater - A review

    Mahboob AlamArnab DasAsok Adak
    4816-4838页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dye-bearing wastewater presents a substantial ecological risk. Consequently, there is a critical requirement for efficient treatment strategies. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) utilizing hydroxyl and sulfate radicals emerge as viable alternatives to degrade dye pollutants effectively. This review article emphasizes the implementation of EAOPs in the treatment of both synthetic and actual dye-bearing wastewater. The fundamentals, chemistry, and recent developments concerning hydroxyl radicals-based EAOP, including anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton, and sulfate radicals-based EAOP, have been thoroughly reviewed. Furthermore, the article explores the comparative effectiveness of the individual hydroxyl and sulfate radical systems as well as the integrated hydroxyl and sulfate radical systems within a singular electrochemical cell. It has been established that sulfate radicals demonstrate a higher oxidation potential, greater pH adaptability, and a longer half-life in comparison to hydroxyl radicals, making them efficient for dye degradation when assessed against anodic oxidation and electro- Fenton processes. Thus, EAOPs represent a promising technological approach for the remediation of dye-bearing wastewater.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Development and implementation of a leak detection model with the genetic algorithm

    Furkan BoztaşMahmut Firat
    4839-4854页
    查看更多>>摘要：The aim of this study is to propose a two-step solution methodology based on hydraulic modeling and optimization algorithms using pressure residuals for leak detection water distribution networks (WDNs). In the first step, a leakage detection model is created by performing a series of hydraulic simulations. In the second step, the leak detection problem is defined in accordance with an leakage detection model (LDM)-based solution and a method that will perform the leak detection in WDNs faster and more precisely. The model was tested on a hypothetical network designed for this study and the well-known Hanoi network, a widely used benchmark in hydraulic studies, frequently employed for performance comparison in leak detection research. The cumulative correct result rate is 92%. In the hypothetical network, the most marked node matched with the real leakage location after running the algorithm for a maximum of five times. The method may reduce economic losses by shortening detection times.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing

    Performance and mechanism of 'coagulation co-adsorption' on simultaneous reduction of turbidity and low-fluoride pollution by a polymer metal-based defluorination and turbidity-removal agent (PMDTA)

    Ying FuJiewen ZhengJunhui LiJie Wang...
    4855-4874页
    查看更多>>摘要：A polymer metal-based defluorination and turbidity-removal agent (PMDTA) was prepared using a poly-Si-Fe coagulant (PSF) and aluminum. Simultaneous reduction of turbidity and fluoride by PMDTA was studied using the ‘coagulation co-adsorption (CcA)’ method for the simulated and real low-fluoride waters, respectively, compared with that by PSF. The surface and bond structures, charged properties, and size of PMDTA and its flocs were explored, and the mechanism of removing turbidity and fluoride was analyzed. The results showed PMDTA decreased fluoride to ＜1 mg/L (PSF could not), but both decreased turbidity to ＜0.5 NTU. PMDTA adapted to a wider initial turbidity, humid acid (HA), NaCl, and temperature. PMDTA had similar bond structures to PSF, more complex surface structures than PSF, and higher surface space and adsorption sites than PSF. Filtration had almost no impact on fluoride removal, but gave positive impact on turbidity removal. The removal mechanisms of fluoride and turbidity were different: the former was mainly removed through adsorption on PMDTA-flocs (controlled by their forming conditions) having efficient adsorption properties, and the latter was mainly cleared through a synergistic effect of the Derjaguin- Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory (classic coagulation mechanism). The efficient fluoride removal by PMDTA can fully utilize the existing facilities in water plants.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Iwa Publishing