JOHN F. BROCKGARY A. GOLEMBIEWSKIGERALD P. KRUEGERCARMEN DAECHER...
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查看更多>>摘要：The effects of fatigue on human behavior have been well researched. These effects are of particular interest to all transportation modes. In fact, government and private organizations with transportation missions have been major supporters of fatigue research. Although motorcoach operations have not been extensively studied, operations similar to the motorcoach community (e.g., commercial trucking and transit) have recently participated in major fatigue studies. One unique area of motorcoach operations is the extended workday many motorcoach operators face. Current Federal Hours of Service (HOS) regulations require 8 hours off duty before driving again after a 15-hour duty period. However, because many motor-coach operations include extended non-driving and non-working periods, operators are off duty intermittently so that the 15-hour duty period may stretch over significantly longer periods. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) has continued to sponsor numerous research projects related to driver fatigue since the mid-1990s. The FMCSA considered the science-based findings in formulating the new HOS regulations for truck drivers. The new HOS regulations apply to property-carrying motor carriers; bus and motorcoach drivers (carrying passengers in interstate commerce) will continue to adhere to the HOS regulations in effect in October 2002. Much of the driver fatigue/ workload/rest research is relevant to this synthesis. An important factor setting motorcoach operations apart from other commercial driving operations is the passenger. Motorcoach operators are in direct, lengthy contact with the traveling public. Passengers concerned about getting across the country, making a connection to get to work, or visiting the local zoo or tourist site are unlikely to be informed or concerned about driver fatigue or HOS regulations. Most charter and tour drivers usually sleep in hotel beds. Inverted duty/sleep cycles (i.e., a night trip followed by a day of rest may be followed by a day trip and a night of rest so that the body never adjusts to a single schedule) can occur because of group itineraries. Itineraries may be altered in real time, disrupting the driver's planned schedule. Extended duty days can result in long layovers at destinations (e.g., casinos). Drivers must also tend to passengers' luggage needs, take tickets, and perform other tasks that add to their work time and possible stress. Having numerous people observing driving behavior may produce an incentive for more diligence and professionalism on the part of a driver, but may also cause stress and fatigue.
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