查看更多>>摘要：Recent decades have been marked by significant climatic changes and serious environmental damage. This phenomenon is growing more ubiquitous over time and across borders, majorly due to the alarming increase in global energy consumption. Considering the urgent need of reversing the current adverse environmental trends, this study contributes to elucidating the determinants shaping energy-saving behavior among the youth, the central agents of the future economy. We base our analysis on the eminent theory of planned behavior, with the addition of pro-environmental knowledge as a predictor and migration status as a moderator. Crucial findings have been drawn via a structural equation model approach from survey data on 1303 people aged 18 to 29. First, pro-environmental knowledge and subjective norms, through the media of attitude and perceived behavioral control, can predict energy-saving intentions and behavior among the youth. Second, migration status casts a widespread moderating effect across all translation routes, from knowledge to energy-saving behavior. This study is a serious attempt to enrich the relevant literature, further covering the population of the youth and the context of emerging nations. It also provides more in-depth insights into the psychological mechanism underlying the formulation of energy-saving behavior, with the issue of migration being considered. These findings highlight the importance of a migration-specific perspective in designing policies and subsequent programs geared toward energy conservation.
Saher NawazAbdul WahidMuhammad ShahbazShahzad M. A. Basra...
1105-1131页
查看更多>>摘要：Global warming has a direct relation with high temperature and management of heat stress in field crops is important for sustainable agriculture. Common buckwheat ( Fagorpyrum esculentum Moench.) is an emerging pseudocereal and alternative food crop but shows sensitivity to heat stress. This two years (2017 and 2018) research was conducted to explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of improving heat stress tolerance in buckwheat with foliar spray of different plant growth promoters (PGPs). The preoptimized levels of moringa leaf extract (MLE) of fresh (MFLE, 3%) and dried leaves (MDLE, 10%), ascorbic acid (AsA, 0.5 mM), a vitamin biosynthesized in plants and thiourea (TU, 10 mM), a synthetic growth bioregulator were foliar sprayed. Results revealed that growth attributes including shoot (34.61%) and root length (27.62%), dry weight (641.94% and 40.23%, respectively), stem diameter (52.05%), no. of roots per plant (27.27%), leaf area (24.86%), and no. of internodes per plant (16.17%) were impaired by heat stress. Similarly, antioxidants including leaf and root superoxide dismutase (17.11% and 21.43%), peroxidase (16.81% and 8.40%) and catalase (6.51% and 6.54%), respectively, were significantly affected by heat stress. PGPs spray alleviated heat damage by reducing the biosynthesis of leaf and root MDA and H_(2)O_(2), and preferential induction of enzymatic antioxidants. PCA-biplot analysis showed that, amongst PGPs, MDLE was greatly effective in inducing antioxidant defense under heat stress. PCA and correlation matrix revealed that PGPs prompted induction of antioxidants was effective more in roots than leaves under heat stress. Conclusively, the induction of antioxidant defense with the PGPs especially with MLEs spray is the main mechanism, with great implications for heat tolerance in common buckwheat.
查看更多>>摘要：Since China's low-carbon pilot policy (LCPP) was launched in 2010, it has moved closer to accomplishing its carbon peak and neutrality targets. However, there is still scant literature on how to accurately consolidate the achievements of the policy in the pilot cities within which it was implemented. This research seeks to address the gap in the current literature by providing a theoretical basis for estimating the effect of LCPP on urban CO_(2)using a multi-period difference-in-differences model. Panel data from 283 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2019 was utilized. We found that: (1) The LCPP evidently reduced the pilot cities’ CO_(2). (2) Mechanism verification shows that the LCPP curbs CO_(2)emissions by improving urban technological innovation and reducing energy consumption. (3) Heterogeneity analysis displays that the CO_(2)reduction effect is more pronounced in eastern areas, non-resource-based cities, and urban agglomerations. The LCPP has accelerated China's CO_(2)reduction process and provided Chinese characteristics methods for limiting CO_(2)emissions and reducing climate change. This is crucial for advancing urban low-carbon governance in the broader country.
查看更多>>摘要：The polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl ester concentration in Prosopis juliflora biodiesel drops the cetane number and affects ignition quality. In this study, two fuel reformulation strategies, viz. partial hydrogenation and the inclusion of Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), are investigated for their ability to improve the combustion and performance of a diesel–biodiesel (B20) blend without compromising the emissions trade-off. An autoclave reactor utilizes partially hydrogenated juliflora biodiesel and gas chromatography to determine the altered fuel composition . The cetane improver is DTBP, which is mixed with B20 at a concentration of 2000 ppm. The filterability of the test fuel was evaluated using the Tamson filter blocking tendency apparatus. Engine parameters and emissions of the base diesel (D0), JB20, HJB20, and JB20 + DTBP test fuels were examined in a diesel engine. According to the FBT results, JB20 (1.36) and HJB20 (1.28) have good filterability, which is consistent with the ASTM standard (D2068-14). While comparing JB20 blend with modified JB20 fuels decreases NOx (up to 5.24%) and increases brake thermal efficiency (7.5%) at full load. Compared to diesel fuel, partially hydrogenated blend fuel emissions viz. HC, CO, and smoke were reduced by 15.24%, 7.76%, and 10.14%, respectively. Based on the above results, partial hydrogenation is more beneficial than the inclusion of DTBP in enhancing biodiesel's trade-off qualities.
查看更多>>摘要：Low attention has been paid to the environmental effects of imported cultural commodities, which serve as a medium for cultural engagement and information sharing around the globe. Using the generalized method of moment (GMM) approach, this article empirically assesses the effects of imported cultural products on carbon emissions using cross-country panel data from 2004 to 2017 for 121 countries. The empirical findings reveal that the environmental consequences of imported cultural commodities vary among income level country groups. Overall, a 1% increase in the imports of total cultural goods imports would decrease carbon emissions significantly by 0.002%. After dissecting the sample into two groups, we find that a 1% increase in total cultural goods imports would lead to a significant decrease in carbon emissions of higher-income countries by 0.008%, but a significant increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide of lower-income countries by 0.002%, thus showing the importance of worldwide cultural interaction to carbon emissions. In addition, we find that performance & celebration goods and audiovisual & interactive media goods are primarily responsible for the inhibiting effects of imported cultural goods on the carbon emissions of higher-income countries. Imports of the majority of cultural products (with the exception of heritage items) would result in a significant rise in carbon emissions for low-income nations, a conclusion that is consistent with that of overall cultural goods imports. Gross domestic product per capita and economic complexity index have consistently negative effects on carbon emissions across several models for both nation groups, although energy consumption is the most significant contributor to carbon emissions. In addition, using Lasso Poisson regressions, we undertake robustness tests to assess the dependability of our empirical results based on the GMM methodology. The Lasso Poisson estimation results are consistent with our earlier findings.
查看更多>>摘要：The Independent System Operator (ISO) plays a key role in a competitive electrical system by controlling the market with the received bidding from the different market participants. The ISO settled the energy at the location-based marginal pricing (LBMP) where all the participants get economic benefits. In the renewable combined system, the future renewable power production data need to be submitted to the ISO at least one day before the operation. There is always a chance for not fulfilling the contracted power due to the volatile nature of the renewable which creates an imbalance price in the system. In this situation, energy storage systems can alleviate the imbalance issues by supplying additional power to the electrical grid. This study proposes a two-phase scheduling technique for the optimum operation of a wind farm (WF)–pumped hydro storage (PHS)–solar-connected electric vehicle (EV) hybrid system to obtain more economic profit and revenue with a stable grid frequency. In the first phase, the energy level of PHS upper reservoirs has been scheduled to maintain the grid frequency with the presence of a wind farm. Along with the first phase, additionally solar-connected EVs are incorporated in the second phase to maximize the system profit further to get more economic benefit. A modified IEEE 30 bus system is used to effectively assess the aforesaid approach. MiPower software has been used to conduct this work. This proposed method has been compared with the existing method and got better results in all aspects.
Wajahat KhalidMuhammad Ramzan Abdul KarimMuhammad AtifWaseem Shehzad...
1231-1246页
查看更多>>摘要：Among various energy storage devices, one of the emerging classes to be considered nowadays is advanced eco-friendly supercapacitors. Despite vast research regarding their electrochemical performance, there is still room for further refinement. Here, such an attempt has been made by producing nanocomposites of NiCoMn ternary transition metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with conductive-natured carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized with polyaniline (PANI). A rather different approach i.e., ultrasounds assisted solvothermal method has been employed to prepare the MOFs and their nanocomposites with varying concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 mg) of PANI functionalized CNTs (PC). A comparison analysis suggests that NiCoMn/PC-40 (40 mg PANI-CNTs) has shown excellent electrochemical performance. In the material of worth attention, the formation of flower-like morphology and crystallinity was explored and confirmed by SEM and XRD characterizations. FT-IR analysis facilitated the exploration of compositional and functional groups of the best-performing material. The large cyclic area, highest specific capacity, excellent stability, less ion transport resistance, and excellent morphology proved NiCoMn/PC-40 as an excellent next-generation supercapacitor battery-grade material with the dominance of diffusive response (71.7%). It has been shown 1194 C/g of specific capacity with an extraordinary energy density of 82 Wh/kg and 1105 W/kg of power density by the NiCoMn/PC-40. At 20 A/g, 100% cyclic stability after 5000 charge/discharge cycles with 97.5% columbic efficiency was achieved. In essence, the excellent electrochemical performance, ease of fabrication, and affordable cost can provide a breakthrough in value addition of NiCoMn/PC-40 worth as a proficient energy storage material.
查看更多>>摘要：Some fishery and environmental organizations criticize offshore wind farms affecting fishery livelihood and marine ecological biological environment. The problems offshore wind farm directly affect the fishing ground due to ocean currents, marine ecology, and the marine environment being changed. In addition, fishing operations may carelessly damage undersea offshore wind farm cables disrupting energy operations, many fishing activities are restricted within the offshore wind farm areas and marine ecological biological environment has been damaged by offshore wind farm. However, marine spatial planning could coordinate offshore wind farm stakeholders and conducts marine environmental impact assessments to identify suitable offshore wind farms. The purpose finds solutions for offshore wind farm in the fishery and marine ecological biological environment. The research questions are how to reduce offshore wind farm impact on fishery livelihood and marine ecological biological environment through marine spatial planning and marine environmental impact assessment in the Taiwan territorial waters. In online questionnaires of 404 respondents, 64.36% supported marine spatial planning site selection and marine environmental impact assessment could reduce offshore wind farm impact; 66.83% agreed offshore wind farm coexistence with multiple uses, increasing fishery and biodiversity; 58.17% agreed on public financial participation in offshore wind farm to increase social acceptance. The findings are consistent with previous research. However, interviewees challenged that multiple uses coexistence might affect some populations in the ecosystem and further investigations are required. Another, 50.50% agreed on updated regulations of marine spatial planning, marine environmental impact assessment, insurance, specific fund, feedback, and compensation of offshore wind farm that could improve fishery livelihood and marine ecological biological environment. Finally, based on the study results, the paper suggests that energy policy could open public financial participation in offshore wind farm increasing social acceptance, skill training influenced groups for employment, enhancing fishery livelihood, and protecting marine ecological biological environment.
查看更多>>摘要：Many manufacturing companies are always looking for a way to reduce energy consumption by utilizing energy-efficient production methods. These methods can be different depending on the type of products and production technology. For instance, one of the ways to increase energy efficiency and keep the precision of production is to use robots for the transportation of the parts among the machines and loading/unloading the machines. This technology is affordable compared to the technologies used in manufacturing companies. Manufacturing companies that rely on robotics technology must have a strategy to reduce energy costs and at the same time increase production by adjusting the intensity of processing or controlling the production rate. This study presents an exact solution method for flexible robotic cells to control the production rate and minimize energy consumption, which aims to both reduce electricity prices and minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under a lead time of production. Then, considering the NP-hardens nature of the problem, a heuristic solution method based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. Using the proposed approach, manufacturing companies will be able to make more accurate decisions about processing intensity and process scheduling while ensuring sustainability.
Ali Rafat GigasariJavier Cárcel-CarrascoLuis Manuel Palermo IglesiasNima Amani...
1290-1308页
查看更多>>摘要：The European Union aims to reduce greenhouse gases emissions by 80–95% compared to 1990 levels by 2050. Therefore the life cycle concept has gained widespread acceptance as a model for evaluating the environmental impact of goods and services. In this study, the optimal thickness of various insulation materials for external walls, roofs, and floors using a Mediterranean climate zone's hot summers and mild winters for a hypothetical residential building for four cardinal orientations was determined. The criteria for determining the optimum thickness represent a turning point in terms of cooling energy consumption (electricity). The optimum thickness of nine different types of insulation materials was defined using the aforementioned approach. These materials included aerogel, polyisocyanurate, polyurethane, extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, phenolic foam, cellulose fiber (cellulose), mineral wool, and glass wool (GW). The purpose of this paper is to calculate the carbon payback time (CPBT) using the cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment method by considering the global warming potential (GWP) of insulation materials at their optimum thickness. The CPBT is calculated as the ratio of the total building's GWP to the GWP of savings from cooling and heating (electricity and natural gas). The results indicated that when evaluating the average CPBT for four cardinal orientations (FCO), aerogel has the longest CPBT of 2.34 years, and GW has the shortest CPBT of just 0.09 years. Aside from cost payback time, the findings of this study provide a new perspective on selecting appropriate thermal insulation.
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