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Journal of environmental radioactivity
Elsevier Science
Journal of environmental radioactivity

Elsevier Science

0265-931X

Journal of environmental radioactivity/Journal Journal of environmental radioactivitySCIISTP
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    Public dose assessment for Yangjiang nuclear power plant effluents: A multi-media numerical model of tritium transport in the South China sea

    Zeng, JunyangLi, LiliDu, YingzheHou, Ziliang...
    1.1-1.14页
    查看更多>>摘要：Periodic discharges from nuclear power plant (NPP) influence tritium background levels in seawater. After the Fukushima nuclear accident, radioactive wastewater discharges have introduced substantial amounts of tritium into the ocean. These events potentially threaten marine ecosystems and human health. To overcome the limitations of existing models, such as incomplete media consideration and low precision, we developed the TrOSB model (Tritium Ocean-Sediment-Biota transport Model). This high-precision model comprehensively analyzes transport and transformation across multiple marine media, including transport in seawater, interactions with sediments, transfer through the food chain, and assessment of public dose risks from seafood consumption. Results indicate that during the quarterly discharges of the Yangjiang NPP from 2019 to 2021, tritium from effluents spread across the entire South China Sea within four months, showing distinct seasonal transport patterns. Tritium concentrations in sediments were approximately ten times lower than those in near-bottom waters, with no significant enrichment observed in sediments. Organically bound tritium (OBT), the form of tritium transferred through the food chain, was found to be enriched to a higher degree in fish than in molluscs and crustaceans. The dose assessment indicates that public health risks from tritium in Yangjiang NPP effluents are negligible.
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    "Fusion of Horizons": Part III. Rethinking radon Risk: Scientific advances and regulatory implications (since 1990s)

    Bobkier, RobertKovler, KonstantinTsapalov, AndreyCzech, Ewa Katarzyna...
    1.1-1.12页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study examines the global evolution of scientific understanding regarding radon exposure and its health implications, focusing on the transition from early occupational exposure limits and epidemiological risk assessments to molecular-level attributions of radon-induced diseases. Since the early 1990s, advancements in genetic and molecular research have provided growing evidence suggesting that radon exposure may leave a distinct oncological signature, potentially allowing for more precise differentiation between radon-induced lung cancers and those caused by other factors. While this field continues to evolve, its implications extend beyond epidemiological risk assessment to include legal, medical, and regulatory frameworks. Beyond lung cancer, contemporary research has explored links between radon exposure and a range of other oncological and nononcological diseases, including leukemia, kidney cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and chronic respiratory conditions. The study further explores the ethical and legal consequences of these findings, particularly in the context of risk governance, compensation claims, and occupational health regulations. The paper also examines the hybrid nature of radon as both naturally occurring and anthropogenically intensified hazard, complicating risk perception and public policy responses. Additionally, the phenomenon of "contaminated communities," is discussed, wherein prolonged radon exposure disrupts social structures and contributes to psychological distress, economic losses, and legal disputes. By analyzing radon exposure through the lens of toxic disaster theory, this study outlines the sequential stages of public and regulatory responses, from initial scientific uncertainty to regulatory intervention and societal adaptation. The findings highlight a broader challenge in environmental health governance: how scientific advancements are integrated into public health policies amid economic and political constraints. Ultimately, the study underscores the need for continuous scientific inquiry and proactive policymaking to address the full spectrum of health risks associated with radon exposure.
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    Prediction methodology of air absorbed dose rates for Chinese cities with deep learning models

    Guo, ChongLi, XiaoyuYan, ZhihuiChen, Lekang...
    1.1-1.22页
    查看更多>>摘要：Air absorbed dose rate is a key indicator of environmental radiation exposure. In China, automated environmental radiation monitoring systems have been established in multiple cities to continuously measure air absorbed dose rates. Nevertheless, developing effective preventive strategies based solely on data monitoring remains challenging. To address the issue, this study proposes a prediction framework for urban air absorbed dose rates based on historical data. The framework encompasses model construction, data preprocessing, outcome evaluation and prediction of future data. Specifically, three deep learning models-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM), and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM)-were employed to develop prediction methods for urban air absorbed dose rates. Given the large and complex dataset structure of air absorbed dose rates reports released by the National Nuclear Safety Administration, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was utilized to extract monitoring data, significantly improving data preprocessing efficiency. Missing values were handled using Lagrange interpolation method. The results showed that the Bi-LSTM model performed best in terms of coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) when predicting the air absorbed dose rates in a coastal city. When predicting the air absorbed dose rates in an inland city, the R2 and RMSE indices of the Bi-LSTM model are more accurate, although the MAE value of the Bi-LSTM model is slightly higher than that of the LSTM model. To summarize, the Bi-LSTM model is more effective in predicting the air absorbed dose rates in Chinese cities.
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    Long-term trends of radiocaesium concentrations in moose (Alces alces) harvested in Sweden

    Weimer, Robert N.Sundell-Bergman, SynnoveSonesten, LarsWikenros, Camilla...
    1.1-1.8页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper describes an analysis of data from long-term monitoring (28 years) of 137Cs activity concentrations in muscle tissue from moose (Alces alces) harvested in east-central Sweden. Two data sets on activity concentrations in moose muscle samples from the adjacent municipalities of Heby (n = 3652; y 1986-2012) and Ga<spacing diaeresis>vle (n = 11,511; y 1986-2008) were used. Geometric means of 137Cs activity concentrations in moose have declined from 700 Bq kg-1 in Heby and 1300 Bq kg-1 in Ga<spacing diaeresis>vle during 1986-1989 to around 300 Bq kg-1 in Heby (2009-2012) and 700 Bq kg-1 in Ga<spacing diaeresis>vle (2005-2008). Based on annual geometric mean values of 137Cs in the muscle samples, the effective ecological half-life of 137Cs was calculated to be 16 years in both Heby and Ga<spacing diaeresis>vle. The average 137Cs activity concentrations in moose calves were 14 % higher in Heby and 18 % higher in Ga<spacing diaeresis>vle compared to adults. No sex-specific difference in activity concentration was found. Mean aggregated transfer factors (Tag) from soil to moose muscle tissue were calculated at 0.016 m2 kg-1 (range 0.010-0.036) in the Heby area and 0.023 m2 kg-1 (range 0.013-0.035) in the Ga<spacing diaeresis>vle area. Using GIS software, mean deposition within a 1.7 km radius around each killing spot for moose harvested in Heby was calculated, resulting in individual Tag values. On an individual level, this resulted in a minimum Tag of 0.001 m2 kg-1 and a maximum Tag of 0.104 m2 kg-1, distinctly reflecting the high variation of 137Cs concentrations in moose. The proportion of samples exceeding the national intervention limit of 1500 Bq kg-1 was 5 % in Heby and 25 % in Ga<spacing diaeresis>vle during the study period.
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    Spatially resolved isotope analysis of a Chernobyl corium fragment extracted from environmental soil

    Schulz, WolfgangWeiss, MartinRaiwa, ManuelWalther, Clemens...
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Micrometer sized particles accounted for a considerable fraction of the radioactivity released into the environment during the Chernobyl accident. In addition, there is a special kind of particles, so called shelter-derived fuel containing material (FCM), that formed as a consequence of the cooling of the reactor melt, and was so far only found inside the reactor building. For the first time, a FCM particle was located in and extracted from soil of a former agricultural field 5 km south-southeast of the former nuclear power plant. Using a combination of energy scanning electron microcopy and dispersive x-ray analysis and Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry we found that the particle is comprised of a silicon matrix containing evenly distributed amounts of U, Pu and Am. Embedded in that chemically stable matrix are small inclusions of reactor U of varying chemical composition. We could show this particle type to be largely unaffected by weathering under environmental conditions.
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    Treatment of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater utilizing Scenedesmus sp. with an emphasis on response surface methodology

    Safiabad, Maryam RanjbarMohammadi, ParisaTajer-Mohammad-Ghazvini, Parisa
    1.1-1.12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Microalgae possess various mechanisms to mitigate the toxicity of heavy metals. This study focused on the uranium removal potential of Scenedesmus sp. strain MTR 1901 from waters containing low concentrations of uranium contamination. Response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing central composite design through Design Expert software was employed to identify the key parameters and optimize factors such as pH, time, temperature, metal concentration, and biomass concentration in the process. The results revealed that uranium concentration, pH and time are statistically effective in uranium removal process. The removal efficiency improved from 14.36 % to 79.62 % when the pH was enhanced from 4 to 7.97 during the initial times. Additionally, as the uranium concentration increased from 1 mg to 5 mg/l, the removal efficiency declined from 100 % to 32.19 % in alkaline pH conditions. Increasing time from one to 96 h, the removal efficiency was decreased from 76.14 % to 61.24 %. The 1 g of the alga under the optimal condition (C0 = 1.57 mg/l, pH 3.22, M = 1.31 g/l, T = 12.8 degrees C, Time = 53 h) can remove 1190 mu g of uranium with an absorption efficiency of 99.54 %. The findings indicate that strain MTR 1901 is a promising candidate for the phytoremediation of uranium in aquatic environments that are contaminated with low levels of uranium.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Spacial variation mapping of aerial TC, K, eU, and eTh data according to concentration number (C -N) fractal modeling approach of A sample area in Egypt- A case study

    El-Sadek, Mohamed A.
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：Geological interpretation and mapping-relying on existing airborne gamma-ray spectrometric data-were used to interpret from Gabal (Mountain) El-Bakriya area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Log-log graphs and fractal concentration number (C-N) modeling technique were utilized to analyze the data and present them in various ways. Modeling according to C-N models removes the qualitative radioactive zones of TC, K, eU, and eTh. The lithological outcrops in the study area are then described in these qualitative radioactive zones. A geological map is created with C-N plots of TC, K, eU, and eTh to produce a comprehensive record of the radioactive signatures of all outcrops, which is tied to the radioactive signatures of K, which is the most well-known radioactive element for many rock formations. C-N fractal modeling shows great successes which perfectly simulate radioactive and lithological outcrop boundaries. The case study presented demonstrates the necessity of aerial gamma-ray spectrometry and fractal modeling for geological mapping and interpretation in difficult, and rocky terrains. The critical function in these situations is emphasized in this work. According to C-N fractal modeling of "K", possibly indicating different cycles of granite eruption and formation in the study area. With the help of C-N model, radioactive break points can be created between rock types to indicate the transition from one lithology to another.
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    • NETL
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    Soil to plant transfer factor of 137 Cs, 40 K, and stable Cs in a semi-arid region

    Dirican, AbdullahDikmen, HasanCantay, Eren
    1.1-1.8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Radionuclide transport from soil to plants is important for radiological contamination of food and estimation of internal radiation doses from consuming contaminated food. Wheat, clover, purslane and soil samples were collected from agricultural fields in the semi-arid region of Igdur, Turkiye. The concentrations of Cs-137, K-40, and stable Cs were measured and soil-to-plant transfer factors were calculated. The concentrations of Cs-137 (derived from global fallout deposition), 40K and stable Cs in soils ranged from 1.9 to 8.4 Bq kg(-1), 318-2033 Bq kg(-1) and 1.6-18.5 mg kg(-1) respectively. The geometric mean concentrations of 137Cs, 40K and stable Cs in wheat grain were measured as 8.4 Bq kg(-1) dry wt., 417 Bq kg(-1) dry wt. and 3.6 mg kg(-1) dry wt. respectively. Geometric mean value of the soil to stem of cereal (wheat), grass (clover) and leafy vegetable (purslane) transfer factor (F nu) for Cs-137 were estimated as 5.7 x 10(-2), 2.8 x 10(-2) and 9.2 x 10(-2) which were higher than values reported in IAEA-TRS 472 except grain of wheat which was approximately equal to that of temperate climate values 1.1 x 10(-1). The F nu values of stable Cs were estimated somewhat lower than that of F nu of Cs-137 for wheat grain, wheat stems, clover and purslane.
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    Dissolution characteristics of uranium and lead in simulated lung fluid using fly ash samples from coal-fired power plants in the Czech Republic (vol 256, 107063, 2023)

    Hupka, IvanKotik, Lukas
    1.1-1.1页
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    Sorption experiments using stemflow: Reproduction and understanding of radiocesium dynamics on the forest floor during the early stage after the Fukushima nuclear accident

    Manaka, TakuyaOhashi, ShintaSakashita, WataruImamura, Naohiro...
    1.1-1.7页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on March 11, 2011 released significant amounts of radiocesium (137Cs), which contaminated large forested areas in Fukushima, with large spatial heterogeneity. To understand the characteristics of 137Cs sorption to outer bark and fresh plant residues on the forest floor, mainly in the Oi horizon, we performed sorption experiments in the laboratory. To simulate actual conditions, we used 137Cs-free organic matter samples from Kochi, far from the power plant, and 137Cs-containing stemflow samples from Fukushima. 137Cs sorption was highest in the outer bark of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) (on average 76.1%) and in the Oi horizon (72.8%), followed by fallen leaves of Konara oak (Quercus serrata) (45.5%), fallen branches of Japanese cedar (37.6%), and fallen needles of Japanese cedar (27.4%). We discuss various factors controlling 137Cs sorption characteristics, such as organic chemical contents and sample size, and the chemical composition of the stemflow sample. Shortly after the accident, when most of the 137Cs in the forest ecosystem was trapped in the O horizon and the forest canopy, the sorption characteristics of the materials would have influenced the horizontal heterogeneity of 137Cs in the Oi horizon under the actual conditions on the forest floor.
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    • Elsevier