查看更多>>摘要：Marine litter (ML), predominantly originating from land, tends to accumulate on the seabed, where it is often caught unintentionally by bottom trawlers. This study aims to characterize the benthic ML on NW Mediterranean fishing grounds and examine the relationship between land-based sources and the ML spatial distribution. Marine litter was collected onboard commercial bottom trawlers operating along the Catalan margin. Plastic was the most abundant fraction of litter, accounting for up to 63% of the total weight. The key factors influencing the spatial distribution of ML included sampling area, proximity to river mouths, and distance to submarine outfalls. The influence of the fishing effort on the spatial distribution of ML was also analyzed, but no significant correlation was identified. Higher ML concentrations were found in front of Barcelona (up to 201.94 kg km2), while lower amounts were observed in northern and southern boundaries of the study area. The results emphasize the need for better land waste management strategies to reduce litter accumulation in fishing grounds.
Davis, Sarah M.Lawrence, ThomasAndreu, IreneDavies, Andrew J....
1.1-1.15页
查看更多>>摘要：Despite the significant ecological and human health risks posed by microplastic (MP) pollution in estuarine environments, documentation of their distribution remains absent in most water quality analyses. This study evaluated the distribution and characteristics of MPs in surface waters of Narragansett Bay, RI, the largest estuary in New England, which exhibits a strong north-to-south human population gradient along its shoreline. We implemented seasonal and tidal surface water sampling across two years coupled with simulations of MP movement using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). We observed higher concentrations of MPs in the urbanized northern regions of Narragansett Bay (mean +/- SD, 0.67 +/- 0.6 particles m-3) compared to the less populated southern regions (0.21 +/- 0.1 particles m- 3), but with significant temporal variability influenced by seasonal freshwater inputs, wind, and tides. Similarities between ROMS output and field-collected data were evident when evaluating broad trends in MP movement while fine-scale accuracy was limited. Simulated counts of virtual ROMS MPs were moderately correlated to field-collected data in shorter model durations (Spearman's coefficient, 3 d, rho = 0.64) with correlation strength decreasing with increasing model duration (7 d, rho = 0.49; 14 d, rho = 0.13). This study emphasizes the importance of spatially comprehensive and appropriately replicated sampling to characterize the dynamic nature of MPs in estuaries. Our results suggest that coastal pollution management strategies would benefit from adaptive monitoring programs that account for spatio-temporal fluctuations in MP concentrations and consider the drivers of MP movement unique to each estuary to mitigate inputs.
查看更多>>摘要：The Gulf of Khambhat (GoKh), India is impacted by chemical pollution from industrial and anthropogenic activities. This study assesses the presence and bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal waters, sediments, and benthic macroinvertebrates (Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Malacostraca). Four POPs groups such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), alpha-hexabromocyclododecane (alpha-HBCD), and bromodiphenyl ethers (BDE) were analysed, with focus on 24 target compounds. PAHs were the most prevalent, with concentrations reaching 8.08 mu g/mL in water, 12.15 mu g/g in sediment, and 2.07 mu g/g in benthic organisms. PCBs, alpha- HBCD, and BDE were detected at lower levels. Bioaccumulation factors (BSAF: 0.02-0.42; BSF: 0.01-0.29) indicated significant pollutant uptake, particularly in polychaetes and gastropods. These findings establish baseline data on POPs contamination in GoKh, highlighting the vulnerability of intertidal ecosystems and the need for mitigation strategies.
Puthigai, Sangeetha K.Wildermann, Natalie E.Plotkin, Pamela T.Shields, Michael R....
1.1-1.8页
查看更多>>摘要：Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread in the environment, including the ocean. However, information on PFAS exposures in protected and endangered sea turtle species is scarce because sampling liver or blood is invasive and challenging. We assessed, for the first time, whether skin tissue, which is less invasive to collect, can be used to screen for PFAS in sea turtles. We measured concentrations of 20 PFAS in the skin and serum from deceased juvenile green turtles. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was the predominant PFAS and was detected in most of the skin (85 %) and serum (100 %). For individuals with paired skin and serum, PFOS concentrations were not significantly different, and thus suggest that skin samples have promising use for screening PFAS in sea turtles. This method may be adapted and optimized in the future to increase data coverage and improve our understanding of sea turtle exposures to PFAS.
查看更多>>摘要：Pile driving noise has emerged as a major anthropogenic stressor in marine ecosystems, yet its effects on microalgae remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the morphological and physiological responses of three marine microalgae species (Isochrysis galbana, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) to simulated pile driving noise. The analysis included assessments of growth inhibition, changes in cell size, granularity, esterase activity, membrane permeability, and photosynthetic activity, using flow cytometry and pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry. All species exhibited significant reductions in cell size and granularity following noise exposure, with esterase activity being the most affected endpoint. Meanwhile, I. galbana exhibited a selective survival strategy, while D. tertiolecta and P. tricornutum employed physiological adjustments and structural adaptation. Among the species, P. tricornutum showed the highest sensitivity and slowest recovery to noise exposure. These findings emphasize the importance of multiple indicators beyond cell density for evaluating noise-induced stress in microalgae and provide insights into the ecological impact of underwater noise pollution on primary producers.
查看更多>>摘要：Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are bioaccumulative and highly toxic, posing a significant threat to the security of marine ecosystems. Bivalves are still one of the marine invertebrates with high species diversity despite experiencing environmental pollution. In this paper, we focused on the detoxification metabolism and toxicological impacts of a representative mixture of PAHs (Phenanthrene: Chrysene: Benzo(a)pyrene = 1:1:1) on Ruditapes philippinarum. Our observations confirm that PAHs exhibited strong bioaccumulation and induced detoxification processes, as evidenced by the up-regulation of detoxification enzymes and genes in Phase I and Phase II reactions. Additionally, the results regarding the toxic effects of PAHs, such as the inhibition of DNA repair and damage to biomacromolecules and tissues, suggested that DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein glycosylation may serve as potential biomarkers for PAHs contamination. However, the transition from induction to suppression in the antioxidant defense system revealed a more sophisticated strategy in clams to balance detoxification and antioxidant demands. Therefore, given the potential influence of other stressors, further validation under field conditions is necessary. This research contributes to a deep understanding of the toxic responses of marine invertebrates to PAHs stress and provides a more comprehensive basis for monitoring PAHs pollution in marine environments.
查看更多>>摘要：The formation of 'seawater-in-oil' emulsions reduces the effectiveness of current oil spill response operations such as the physical recovery of oil with skimmers, or oil dispersion with chemical dispersants, due to increases in volume and viscosity. This becomes even more acute in cold regions because of the potential for below-freezing temperatures and floating ice. Low temperatures increase oil viscosity and can freeze entrained water droplets, potentially inhibiting the formation of new emulsions while stabilizing any that have already formed. Existing works on emulsion behavior at near-freezing temperatures may have underestimated the impact of below-freezing air temperatures, common in polar regions, on the formation and stability of seawater-in-oil emulsion. To address this issue, we investigated the behavior of emulsions exposed to below-freezing air temperatures (-20 degrees C), studying oils with different asphaltene contents. Higher asphaltene content (18 wt%) was correlated with increased emulsion stability, but emulsions that experienced freezing air temperatures were more prone to break during thawing. After-20 degrees C treatment, Hibernia emulsions lost >50 % of their entrained water, while Alaska North Slope emulsions lost >25 %. Samples kept at 20 degrees C lost far less. Emulsions exposed to significantly sub-zero temperatures in Polar regions are thus likely to break when they thaw, which will impact oil spill response.
查看更多>>摘要：Among herbicides, Irgarol 1051 causes the strongest inhibition of maximum effective quantum yield (dF/Fm ') in symbiotic dinoflagellates of corals. In this study, interactive effects of heat stress and Irgarol (1.0 mu g/L) were investigated using aquaculture-reared Acropora sp., a species in the Acropora tenuis [sensu lato] complex in southern Japan. Two 7-d experiments were conducted with 27.5 degrees C as the temperature control and 30.0 or 32.0 degrees C as heat stress treatments. Coral colour, evaluated by red-green-blue values, and dF/Fm ' of symbiotic dinoflagellates in coral were monitored daily. In the 27.5 and 30.0 degrees C treatments, coral colour remained stable throughout the experiment; whereas, corals began to whiten at 32.0 degrees C in both control and Irgarol treatments. dF/Fm ' decreased from day 1 in both Irgarol treatments under control (27.5 degrees C) and heat stress conditions (30.0 and 32.0 degrees C). In the control treatment, heat stress of 32.0 degrees C induced a decrease in dF/Fm ', but less than the decrease in dF/Fm ' during Irgarol exposure. dF/Fm ' did not decrease in the temperature control and 30.0 degrees C heat stress treatments. A significant interactive decrease in dF/Fm ' was observed on day 1 at both 30.0 and 32.0 degrees C. Thus, at 30.0 and 32.0 degrees C, heat stress was considered to accelerate the dF/Fm ' reduction at the early stage of Irgarol exposure in aquaculture-reared Acropora sp. Compared to our previous study, the present study suggests that the response of corals in the A. tenuis [sensu lato] complex to Irgarol exposure differs depending on the genetic differences, such as species level.
Moreno-Andres, JavierLage, SandraBraga, Ana CatarinaCosta, Pedro Reis...
1.1-1.9页
查看更多>>摘要：This study evaluates the degradation and detoxification of okadaic acid (OA), a marine biotoxin, through UVassisted photochemical processes using environmentally relevant OA concentrations. Experiments were conducted in distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW), applying two UV sources: UV-LED (lambda(max) = 275 nm) and low-pressure mercury lamp (LP-Hg; lambda = 254 nm), combined with hydrogen peroxide (HP), sodium peroxydisulfate (PDS), and potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Photolysis alone was ineffective, and kinetic rate constants (k(obs); min(-1)) followed the trend UV/PMS > UV/PDS > UV/HP for both UV sources. While all treatments showed high OA removal (>79 %) in DW, degradation was significantly reduced for HP (72.8 %-89.9 %) and PDS (67.8 %-76.6 %) in ASW. In contrast, UV/PMS efficacy improved in saline media, achieving rapid and effective degradation of OA, and reaching 99 % detoxification (PP2A activity) within 15 min. The main transformation product, norokadanone (m/z 757.453), formed via decarboxylation, showed significantly reduced toxicity compared to OA. These results confirm the suitability of sulfate radical-based processes (particularly UV/ PMS) for OA mitigation in marine environments. In addition, this work highlights the critical role of water matrix composition in marine toxin treatment and supports the development of scalable, mercury-free strategies for effectively mitigating hazardous compounds in coastal environments.
Collison, AngusKeary, ClaireVintro, Luis LeonHanley, Olwyn...
1.1-1.10页
查看更多>>摘要：Natural polonium has been identified as the largest effective radiation dose contributor from seafood consumption. The global seaweed industry has expanded significantly in recent years and seaweeds are now used in a wide variety of food and nutritional products. However, relatively few data exist on the accumulation of 210Po by seaweeds. This study investigated 210Po concentrations in twelve commercially important and widely consumed seaweeds from the Irish Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean, six of which have not previously been reported. Polonium-210 was determined by radiochemical separation and high-resolution alpha spectrometry, with activity concentrations of other natural radionuclides (40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U) determined via high-resolution gamma spectrometry. Polonium-210 concentrations were typically larger in red seaweeds compared to brown species. Ascophyllum nodosum had the lowest concentration of 210Po, while Osmundia pinnatifida had the greatest. The concentrations factors of 210Po ranged from 7.3 x 103 to 71.3 x 103 in the seaweeds examined. The annual consumption dose from edible seaweeds was estimated as 1.7 mu Sv for a typical consumer and 6.4 mu Sv for a heavy consumer. These values are significantly lower than the global estimated annual average 210Po ingestion dose of 70 mu Sv and, hence, pose no significant radiological risk. This study provides new findings for 210Po activity concentrations and concentration factors in a range of seaweeds from the North-East Atlantic and the Irish Sea, and establishes an updated assessment of the ingestion dose contribution for 210Po and other naturally-occurring radionuclides from the consumption of edible seaweeds.
NETL
NSTL
Elsevier