K. SathiyamoorthyA. SilambarasanM. NavaneethanS. Harish...
140575.1-140575.14页
查看更多>>摘要：The novel composite LaCoO_3/MoS_2 hybrid nanostructure was synthesized via a combination of sol-gel, hydrothermal,and ultrasonication methods. Alizarin Red S (ARS) and Rhodamine B (RhB) were employed as a modelpollutant, to assess the photodegradation efficiency of synthesized catalysts. The effect of MoS_2 (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%,and 10%) on LaCoO_3 (LCO) and its photocatalytic performance was studied. The properties of synthesizedcatalysts were assessed using various material characterization techniques. The photocatalytic dye degradationof ARS and RhB was investigated under visible light. Among the synthesized catalyst LM-5% composite (LaCoO_3with 5% MoS_2) is determined to be the best photocatalyst as it degrades 96 % (ARS) and 90 % (RhB) in 40 minand 80 min, respectively. The photocatalyst is stable even after multiple runs and exhibits negligible loss indegradation efficiency during the cyclic test. Trapping experiments reveal the significance of superoxide anionand hydroxyl radicals against the photodegradation of ARS and RhB. The kinetics of photodegradation of ARSand RhB by LM-5% is found to be 5.70 × 10~(-2) and 2.25 × 10~(-2) min~(-1), respectively. Herein, we demonstrated acatalyst possessing excellent photodegradation activity which may ignite the possibilities of using efficientphotocatalysts for environmental remediation.
Ralph KuehneKlara HilscherovaMarie SmutnaFriederike Leßmoellmann...
140611.1-140611.10页
查看更多>>摘要：Among endocrine disruption, interference with the thyroid hormone (TH) regulation is of increasing concern.Respective compounds encode through their structural features both the potential for TH disruption, and thebioavailability mitigating the toxicological effect. The aim of this study is to provide a substructure-basedscreening-level QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) that discriminates bioavailable TH disruptorsfrom not bioavailable counterparts, covering both direct and indirect (retinoid- and AhR-mediated)modes of action. The QSAR has been derived from literature data for 1642 compounds, and takes into accountLipinski’s rule-of-five and the brain/blood partition coefficient Kbrain/blood. For its validation, an externaltest set of 145 substances has been used. For 1787 compounds meeting the model application domain, the modelyields only one false negative. The discussion addresses the mechanistic meaning of the bioavailability triggersmolecular weight, H-bond donor and acceptor, hydrophobicity (log Kow), and the physicochemical properties underlying log Kbrain/blood. The model may serve as bioavailability-screening step within a decision supportsystem for the predictive assessment of chemicals regarding their potential to disrupt thyroid hormone functionin a direct or indirect manner.
G. BoopathiR. RagavanS.M. JaimohanSuresh Sagadevan...
140650.1-140650.15页
查看更多>>摘要：In recent years, intensive research efforts have focused on translating biomass waste into value-added carbonmaterials broadcasted for their significant role in energy and environmental applications. For the first time, highperformancecarbonaceous materials for energy storage applications were developed from the multi-voidstructure of the boat-fruited shells of Sterculia Foetida (SF). In that view, synthesized mesoporous graphiticactivated carbon (g-AC) via the combination of carbonization at various elevating temperatures of 700, 800, and900 ℃, respectively, and alkali activation by KOH, with a high specific surface area of 1040.5 m~2 g~(-1) and amesopore volume of 0.295 cm~3 g~(-1). In a three-electrode configuration, the improved electrode (SF–K900)exhibited excellent electrochemical behavior, which was observed in an aqueous electrolyte (1 M H_2SO_4) with ahigh specific capacitance of 308.6 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, owing to the interconnected mesoporestructures and high surface area of SF-K900. The symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) delivered the specific capacitanceof 138 F/g at 1 A/g with a high energy density (ED) of 13.4 Wh/kg at the power density (PD) of 24.12 kW/kg with remarkable cycle stability and supercapacitive retention of 93% over 5000 cycles. Based on the findings,it is possible to develop low-cost active electrode materials for high-rate performance SSC using mesoporous g-ACderived from SF boat-fruited shells.
查看更多>>摘要：Oil spills lead to a substantial depletion of aquatic biodiversity. The mitigation of an oil spill can entailconsiderable financial outlays, give rise to consequential environmental impacts, and present formidable operationalcomplexities. In this research, hollow hydroxyapatite particles with enhanced oil adsorption characteristicswere prepared by surface modification with stearic acid. Peanut and vacuum pump oils were used toimitate oil spills and conduct adsorption tests. The 50% stearic acid-modified hydroxyapatite (Sa/HAP) adsorbentshowed superior hydrophobic properties with respect to water contact angle data. Adsorption isothermanalysis revealed that the adsorption processes of peanut and vacuum pump oils matched well with the Sipsisotherm model, with regression coefficients of 0.992 and 0.996, respectively. The oil adsorption by the modifiedhydroxyapatite (HAP) adsorbent was found to be 9.85 g⋅g~(-1) for peanut oil and 12.13 g⋅g~(-1) for vacuum pump oil.Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics performance was determined by chemical interaction, whereas theadsorption equilibrium capacities were 8.97 g⋅g~(-1) and 11.41 g⋅g~(-1), respectively. Recycling of the spent adsorbentwas performed with toluene stripping. The synthesized oil-adsorbents were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD,contact angle, and TGA analyses. Hence, the efficacy of the Sa/HAP material as a potential adsorbent for thepurification of oil-contaminated water was established, attributed to its commendable oil adsorption capability.
查看更多>>摘要：We have utilised our TeO_2–ZnO nanocomposites for Yamuna wastewater treatment in natural sunlight whereinthe sampling site was Nigam Bodh Ghat, Kashmere Gate, Delhi. In BET isotherm, TZ NCs exhibited type IVisotherm forming a H3 like hysteric loop sustaining mesoporous characteristic with an increase in surface area,pore volume and pore diameter of 56.76 m~2/g, 0.257 cc/g and 17.18 nm respectively, when compared to pristineZnO NPs. Yamuna wastewater treatment was carried out using various concentrations of TZ NCs (range 0.1–0.3g/500 mL) under natural sunlight. Post-treatment, all the physicochemical parameters such as DO, BOD, COD,Nitrates, Ammonia and Phenolic contents were found to be reduced to 10 times bringing Yamuna waterparameters within safe limits. Our TZ NCs have shown to have high selectivity for the removal of Chromium fromwater. Out of all the three concentrations 0.2 g/500 mL or 0.4 mg/mL is the most optimum concentration of TZNCs for complete Yamuna wastewater treatment. Also, the bacterial culture present in Yamuna water was killedby 90% using TZ having MIC of 0.1 mg/mL. The antibiofilm activity of TZ against K.pneumoniae MTCC 109 wasalso checked using Congo Red Agar Assay. The presence of heavy metals, their corresponding degradation andleaching studies were analysed using ICP-OES. TZ NCs showed a very minimal leaching rate of Zinc into thewater, proving no toxicity associated with these nanocomposites. Further, to observe the safe disposal of TZ NCsinto the soil, TZ NCs were utilised for ecotoxicity studies.
查看更多>>摘要：Due to its environmental impact, the growing production of sewage sludge is a prime concern for wastewatertreatment plants. In this study, advanced thermal hydrolysis, the combination of thermal hydrolysis and oxygen,was examined to enhance biogas production and overcome the disadvantages of thermal hydrolysis, includingsludge colour, high energy consumption, and high level of ammonia concentration in the treated sludge. Amixture of 55 % primary sludge and 45 % waste activated sludge was pre-treated using advanced thermal hydrolysisat 100, 115, 130, and 145 ℃ with a processing time varied from 5 to 30 min and oxygen pressure from10 to 30 bar before anaerobic digestion. Advanced thermal hydrolysis process at 145 ℃ 15 min 20 bar O₂ is thecondition that provided the highest biogas yield (439.6 mL/g VS added). At this treatment condition, the concentrationof ammonia nitrogen and propionic acid in the treated sludge was sufficiently low (approximately302 mg/L and 559.7 mg/L, respectively) to minimise adverse effects on anaerobic digestion.
查看更多>>摘要：Biochar can enhance organic carbon storage and mitigate the adverse effects of pesticides in the soil. However,the mechanisms by which field-aging affects the impacts of biochar on herbicide behavior and the composition ofmicrobial communities in the soil remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influences of aged andfresh biochar on herbicide behavior and microbial community structure in the soil. Herein, with ~(14)C-labeled technology, aged treatment (soil amended with field-aged biochar), fresh treatment (soil amended with freshbiochar), and control (soil without biochar) were installed to evaluate their treatment capacities. The resultsshowed that the average leaching out and mineralization of simazine in the aged treatment were significantlyhigher by 4.8% and 1.66% (P < 0.05) compared with the fresh treatment. Relative to the control, the pesticidewas significantly adsorbed (P < 0.05) in the aged treatment. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) significantly increased by 1.03 and 1.16-fold, whereas fungi increased dramatically by 1.02-fold anddecreased by 1.21-fold in the aged and fresh treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, eukaryotes wereeffectively reduced by 1.02 and 1.14-fold in these treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). This study suggests thatfield aging can undermine the impacts of biochar on pesticides and modify the microbial community structure inthe soil environment.
查看更多>>摘要：The efficient degradation and accurate quantification of tetracycline in environment and food samples is pivotalfor ensuring public health and safety by monitoring potential contamination and maintaining regulatory standards.Hence, in this study, photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and its electrochemical detection inenvironment and food samples based on dual-functional silver-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles embeddedchitosan-functionalized carbon nanofibers fabricated on a screen-printed carbon electrode (AgZFO/CHIT-CNF/SPCE) is presented. A hydrothermal method was used in the synthesis of Ag-doped ZFO, and chitosan wasfunctionalized on the CNF surface using a swift and cost-effective chemical modification process of carboxyl groups. Various techniques, such as XRD, HRTEM, elemental mapping, EIS, XPS, FTIR, VSM, BET, UV–Vis DRS,and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the characteristics of the prepared nanocomposite. Cyclic voltammetryand differential pulse voltammetry were used to evaluate the surface-controlled electrocatalyticproperties of AgZFO/CHIT-CNF towards tetracycline. Electrochemical tests revealed that the proposed electrodeexhibited excellent sensitivity for detecting tetracycline. The fabricated electrode had a low detection limit of 1nM and a wide linear range (0.2–53.2 μM). The sensor also demonstrated exceptional selectivity, stability, andreusability. The practical feasibility evaluated with real samples, including chicken feed, shrimp, milk, soil, andwastewater, resulted in high recovery values.
查看更多>>摘要：In order to mitigate the harmful effects of eutrophication in water bodies, the applications of lanthanummodifiedmaterials for phosphate removal from wastewater have attracted much attention. Unlike conventionaladsorbents, plant wastes usually have poor adsorption abilities and are difficult to be reused for desorptionof phosphate due to their small pore sizes and ununiform loading of modified ions. In this paper, a compositeadsorbent (LC-MM) was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of waste traditional Chinese medical materials (MMs) with load of lanthanum carbonate and co-heating treatment with coal fly ash (CFA), which was applied toremove phosphate from water. The results showed that maximum adsorption capacity of LC-MM was 52 mg g~(-1),and the LC-MM showed appreciable adsorption capacity of phosphate for agricultural wastewater in the presenceof complex interfering ions and for urban surface waters with low phosphate concentrations. Five adsorptiondesorptioncycles showed good reusability. The mechanism study showed that the La~(3+) ions were more uniformlydistributed on the surface of the absorbents with the introduction of Fe~(3+), Al~(3+), Mg~(2+) and Ca~(2+) ions inCFA. The ligand exchange between phosphate and carbonate, the internal spherical complexation formed bylanthanum ion and phosphate, and surface chemical precipitation attachment are the main reasons why theadsorption capacity of LC-MM approached or even surpassed that of conventional lanthanum-modified adsorbents.In conclusions, this work proposed an effective method for the modification of plant materials.
Katherine A. KearnsLuke P. NaeherJohn P. McCrackenDana Boyd Barr...
140705.1-140705.11页
查看更多>>摘要：Waste collection services are uncommon in rural areas of low-resource countries, causing waste accumulationand subsequent dumping and burning of garbage. Air pollution from household garbage burning, includingplastics, has been observed in Jalapa, Guatemala in addition to household air pollution (HAP) from cooking.Adolescent girls often help with these cooking and household tasks, but little is known about their exposures. Wecharacterized 24-h exposures to HAP and household garbage burning in adolescent girls by measuring fineparticulate matter (PM_(2.5)), black carbon (BC), urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates. We recruited 60 girls between 13 and 17 years of age who helped withcooking activities and lived with participants of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial.We recruited n = 30 girls each from the control (wood-burning stove) and intervention (liquefied petroleum gasstove) arms. We also measured real-time kitchen concentrations of BC in 20 homes (33%). PM_(2.5) and BC weremeasured in n = 21 control and n = 20 intervention participants. Median concentrations of personal PM_(2.5) andBC and kitchen BC were lower (p < 0.05) in the intervention arm by 87%, 80%, and 85%, respectively. PAHmetabolite concentrations were lower (p < 0.001) for all nine metabolites in intervention (n = 26) compared tocontrol participants (n = 29). Urinary BPA concentrations were 66% higher in participants who reported usingcosmetics (p = 0.02), and phthalate concentrations were 63% higher in participants who had reported using hairproducts during the sample period (p = 0.05). Our results suggest that gas stoves can reduce HAP exposuresamong adolescents who are not primary cooks at home. Biomarkers of plastic exposure were not associated withintervention status, but some were elevated compared to age- and sex-matched participants of the NationalHealth and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
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