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Nature environment and pollution technology
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Nature environment and pollution technology

Technoscience Publications

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Nature environment and pollution technology/Journal Nature environment and pollution technology
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    Evaluation of the Maturity of MSW Second-time Compost and Its Effect on the Growth of Amorpha fruticosa and Festuca arundinacea

    Qingnan YangXiaoping GuoShuqi WangZuguang Han...
    1117-1124页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper explores 9 different composting schemes to determine the optimal strategy to improve the compost maturity of municipal solid waste. The second-time compost, in the volume ratios of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, was used to plant Amorpha fruticosa and Festuca arundinacea. We measured emergence time and plant growth to determine the effect of the compost on the growth of Amorpha fruticosa and Festuca arundinacea. After fuzzy analysis, we found that maturity of T5 and T6 is the best, and compost maturity was optimal resulting from the process with no additional water, adding agents every 9 days, and turning every 3 days with an initial C/N of 20. The main factors affecting the degree of maturity are the initial C/N, followed by water situation, inoculated case, and turning frequency. The second-time compost allows reduction of soil heavy metal content and is conducive to Amorpha fruticosa survival and Festuca arundinacea germination. However, the high adding proportion of second-time compost delays the survival and emergence time, and also makes higher stems root ratio of Festuca arundinacea. The 50% and 75% proportion has higher seedling height and ground diameter growth of Amorpha fruticosa. The seedling height of Festuca arundinacea is better in the 75% proportion.
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    • NETL
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    Trend and Factor Analysis of Beijing Areas' Economic Performance under Restrictions of Resource and Environment

    Le YangHaiyan WangJunkang Liu
    1125-1132页
    查看更多>>摘要：Combining the feather of SBM directional distance function and Luenberger Index, and using the new method of productivity index's construction and decomposition, the paper studied the trend and factor analysis of Beijing area's economic performance under restrictions of resource and environment over the period of 2009-2013. Results showed that: (1) Energy consumption and pollution emissions mainly contributed to the inefficiency of Beijing's economy growth. And the regional environmental efficiency presented obvious differences from the city centre to the edge of the city, the central area with developed economy and the edge area with good environment. (2) During the 2009-2013, the trends of Beijing's Luenberger Total Factor Productivity (LTFP) was opposite to those of environmental efficiency, with the middle of the city highest. The development of suburban areas was relatively quick. (3) From a dynamic perspective, Beijing's economic performance was mainly influenced by changes in technical borders. Finally, the paper put forward relevant suggestions to enhance economic growth of Beijing and every area.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Effect of Heavy Metals on Some Selected Roadside Plants and its Morphological Study

    Jitin RahulManish Kumar Jain
    1133-1142页
    查看更多>>摘要：Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. Plants are known to bind carbon-dioxide (CO_2) through photosynthesis, and they have become an invaluable tool in attempts to minimize air pollution. In India, some highways and national highways are covered by common plant species, but the plants (Azadirachta indica, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Cassia fistula, Ficus religiosa and Polyalthia iongifolia) are subjected to air pollution by heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd). These metals are released during different operations of the road transport such as combustion, component wear, fluid leakage and corrosion of metals and other activities (minerals mining, stone crusher industries). The majority of the heavy metals are toxic to the living organisms and even those considered as essential can be toxic if present in excess. The heavy metals can impair important biochemical processes affecting the plant growth and development. Traffic-related pollutants have detrimental effects on the environment. However, the effect of these heavy metals on plants is not well known. The study aimed to comparatively analyse the anatomical and morphological changes in roadside plants and heavy metal accumulation in selective roadside plants.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Status of Ground Species Richness, Diversity, Percent Cover and Biomass of Papgani River Basin, a Tributary River of Pennar, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Rajendrakumar S.
    1143-1152页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the present study, status of ground plant species of the Papgani river basin was studied. A total of 210 sampling points were selected and nested plots were developed to quantify the herbs and grasses of this region. 156 plant species were recorded with the diversity (H) of 2.33 and density 16 plants/sqm. Biomass of an ecosystem showed 0.90t/ha with a ground cover of 54.32%. The regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationship among density, ground cover and biomass. Relationships of the above said variable was weakened by grazing, frequent fire and human intervention, the hypothetic statement was proved using T test. The anthropogenic threads dominate the fast growing unpalatable species like, Cymbopogon and Heteropogon spp. It reduces the productivity and functions of a river ecosystem.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Combination of Vermicompost Fertilizer, Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Cell Characteristics, Growth and Quality of Agar Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa

    Andi Rahmad RahimEndang Yuli HerawatiHappy NursyamAnik Martinah Hariati...
    1153-1160页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seaweed is one of the marine and fishery commodities which encounter many problems in spurring growth and obtain high quality of agar, especially in Takalar District South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The combined use of vermicompost organic fertilizer, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are a source of much-needed nutrients by the seaweed to expand the network of cells that affect the growth and quality of agar. The purpose of this study was to see the influence of the combination of vermicompost fertilizer, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus on the characteristics of the cells, the growth and the quality of agar seaweed G. verrucosa. This study was conducted for 42 days. The treatment ratio of carbon% : nitrogen% : phosphorus% are 93:6:1, 92:7:1, 91:8:1, 90:9:1, 89:9:2 and 88:10:2. Treatment ratio of fertilizer was best obtained at treatment 91:8:1, the cell number 39-104 mm~2, cell size from 25.189 to 400.213 %m, cell shape oval and cell wall thickness, weight biomass 0.65 to 2.14 g, the daily specific growth from 2.29 to 7.99%, thallus length from 2.5 to 3.8 cm, quality of agar from 9.98 to 26.52%, quality of agar viscosity of 43-90 cps, quality of agar gel strength of 49.0 to 80.4 g/cm~2. The range of water quality during the study was 25-26℃ for the temperature, water salinity was 25 ppt, pH 7.50 to 7.87, carbon 734.51 to 4754.12 ppm, nitrogen from 14.91 to 98.91 ppm, and phosphorus of water from 19.84 to 38.39 ppm.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Assessment of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Fibrous Self-Consolidating Concretes Using Ingredients of Plastic Wastes

    N. G. OzerkanD. D. G. TokgozO. S. KowitaS. J. Antony...
    1161-1168页
    查看更多>>摘要：This paper focuses on the experimental investigation carried out on self-consolidating concrete (SCC) reinforced with micro-steel fibre and hybrid fibres (combination of micro-steel fibre and recycled high density polyethylene fibre derived from municipal wastes). The physical properties of fresh and hardened concrete including flowability, setting time and durability, the mechanical properties, namely, compressive strength and flexural strength, and microstructural analysis were studied. Micro-steel fibre addition was seen to enhance the flowability of concrete than the non-fibrous and hybrid fibre reinforced concretes. The setting time of SCC mixtures prolonged with the addition of fibres into concrete mixtures. Hybrid fibre reinforced SCC mixtures have displayed reduction in drying shrinkage. The compressive and flexural strengths of the fibre reinforced concretes show a marginal reduction in strength when compared with the strength of unreinforced concrete. The results of the microstructure analysis clearly demonstrate that the hybrid fibres bond well with the cement matrix and stronger than the bonding between micro-steel fibres and cement matrix.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL

    The Comparison of Different Calculation Methods of Pollution Receiving Capacity for Jilin Province Huifa River

    Yao LiweiMen Baohui
    1169-1176页
    查看更多>>摘要：Huifa River is the largest tributary of the Second Songhua River. Songhua River Basin is the concentrated area of Northeast Old Industrial Base, and it is also the distribution area of major cities, bearing production task of national commodity grain. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the deterioration of water quality is serious and the water environment problem is becoming more and more outstanding, which have affected the sustainable development of the economic and social of Jilin province, so it is necessary to analyse and study the pollution receiving capacity of the river and control the water pollution source to protect the water environment and strengthen water resources protection. Based on one-dimensional water quality model, this paper use three kinds of different generalization methods, such as midpoint generalization, uniform generalization and sewage outfall barycenter generalization, to calculate pollution receiving capacity of the five sections of Huifa River, discussing the pollution receiving capacity of water function area based on different situations of sewage outfall generalization. The results show that: Annual pollution receiving capacity of COD and ammonia nitrogen of Huifa River are 34027.02 t/a and 2242.07 t/a respectively in the case of sewage outfall midpoint generalization; Annual pollution receiving capacity of COD and ammonia nitrogen of Huifa River are 33714.86t/a and 2222.49t/a respectively in the case of sewage outfall uniform generalization; Annual pollution receiving capacity of COD and ammonia nitrogen of Huifa River are 41701.09t/a and 2727.90t/a respectively in the case of sewage outfall barycenter generalization. The calculation results of pollution receiving capacity with midpoint generalization and uniform generalization are approximate, while the calculation result of sewage outfall barycenter generalization has some differences with the first two.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Biofilters in Mitigation of Odour Pollution - A Review

    Irfana ShowqiFarooq Ahmad LoneMoieza AshrafMohammad Aneesul Mehmood...
    1177-1185页
    查看更多>>摘要：Odour is one of the most complex problems of all the air pollution problems. Undesirable odours contribute to air quality concerns that affect human lifestyles and are considered a nuisance to the general public. This study presents the role of biofilters for the control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other odorous substances. Biofilters absorb the odorous and noxious gases into a biofilm where it is biodegraded by microorganisms into simpler and less toxic compounds like carbon dioxide, water and salts and use the energy and nutrients to grow and reproduce. About 95 percent of hydrogen sulfide (H_2S) and 80 percent of ammonia (NH_3) can be reduced by a well designed and managed biofilter. The mechanism of biofiltration depends on different factors viz., inlet gas concentration, empty bed residence time, bed height, type of media and these factors has a direct effect on the removal efficiency of a biofilter. Biofiltration, which has the ability to treat a broad spectrum of gaseous compounds has been regarded as a promising odour and gas treatment technology that is gaining acceptance in a number of industries and factories, being not only cost effective as compared to conventional techniques but are also environmental friendly.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Arsenic Groundwater Remediation in South Asia and the Visionary Technologies for the Future

    Sukanchan Palit
    1187-1194页
    查看更多>>摘要：The world of environmental engineering science is moving from one paradigmatic challenge towards another. The paradigm of global water shortage is moving from one visionary and drastic challenges over another. Man's vision, civilization's prowess and the target of the provision of clean drinking water has urged human civilization to target new and innovative technologies. Arsenic and heavy metal groundwater contamination has evolved into a true emancipation of science and technology. Arsenic water pollution is the largest human disaster in this century. Environmental restrictions, environmental regulations and the urge of successful scientific endeavour are the need of the hour. Tools and environmental engineering innovations are gearing up for alleviating global water shortage. Human scientific research pursuit and the vision to excel has geared environmental engineering science to a new degree of awareness. The vision for the tomorrow is to gear towards a new dawn of environmental engineering techniques to alleviate this monstrous crisis. The incidence of this crisis is of monstrous proportion in South Asia and high concentrations of arsenic has emerged as a public health problem. The situation in the state of West Bengal, India and Bangladesh is grave. The contamination is due to both natural and anthropogenic sources. Concrete finding shows the vulnerability of the crisis. The study with deep comprehension focuses on the future perspectives of the world's largest environmental crisis. The author delineates with cogent insight, the state of environment, and the paper presents an overview of the current scenario of arsenic contamination in across the globe with special emphasis on South Asia. Heavy metal groundwater contamination is a bane to human civilization and human endeavour. The author brings forward along with the present situation in severely affected countries in Asia such as India and Bangladesh. Along with these countries, recent instances from Pakistan, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Cambodia etc. are presented. Challenges, barriers and catastrophes have urged the civil society to gear up for drastic and far-reaching challenges. Concrete findings suggest that the source of arsenic is geogenic. Arsenic is found in alluvial sediment of the Ganges Delta in India. This has led to much alarm and grave concern. Social isolation of the arsenic affected human beings, the society's unmitigated concern and the future of disastrous challenges has urged the scientific community to surge and gear forward in innovations. The author with incisive insight delineates the remediation technologies, the visionary future of scientific research pursuit in groundwater remediation and the future of advancement of science.
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    • NETL
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    Effects of Concentrations of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Oxyrrhis marina on the Feeding Behaviour of Oithona brevicornis

    Xinlong AnXuemei LiZhixia Li
    1195-1198页
    查看更多>>摘要：In order to explore possible development process of red tides caused by Prorocentrum donghaiense, effects of concentrations of P. donghaiense and Oxyniiis marina on the feeding behaviour of Oithona brevkomis were investigated. The results showed that within the concentration range of P. donghaiense, 1.0～5.0×10~4 cells·mL~(-1), ingestion rates (IRs) and faecal pellet production rates (FPPRs) of O. brevicornis on P. donghaiense increased with increasing concentrations of P. donghaiense, the maximum IR and FPPR were 620 cells·ind~(-1)·h~(-1) and 31.67 peHetcopepod~(-1)·d~(-1) respectively. When the concentration of P. donghaiense was 10.0×10~4 cells·mL~(-1), the IR value decreased to 400 cells·ind~(-1)·h~(-1) and the FPPR value decreased to 13.33 pelletcopepod~(-1)·d~(-1), respectively. Within the concentration range of P donghaiense, 1.0～10.0×10~4 cells·mL~(-1), filtration rates (FRs) of O. brevkomis decreased with increasing concentrations of P. donghaiense. The results also showed that O. brevkomis could ingest O. marina fed P. donghaiense, and within the concentration range of O. marina, IRs of O. brevkomis on O. marina increased with increasing concentrations of O. marina, while its FRs decreased, the maximum IR value and FR value were 300 cells·ind~(-1)·h~(-1) and 0.23 ml·ind·h~(-1) respectively. Within the concentration range of O. marina, FPPRs of O. brevicornis increased with increasing concentrations of O. marina, the maximum FPPR was 21.67 pelletcopepod~(-1)·d~(-1), and FPPRs had a good linear relationship with IRs. In this study, "Copepods-red tide algae" and "Copepods-protozoa-red tide algae" food chain models can provide references for the development process and regulating method of red tides caused by P. donghaiense.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL