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Waste and biomass valorization
Springer
Waste and biomass valorization

Springer

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1877-2641

Waste and biomass valorization/Journal Waste and biomass valorizationEISCIISTP
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    Recent Advances in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Food Waste Derived Bioproducts: Valorization Approaches, Applications, and the Prospective Assessment

    Aneela HayderShahin MazhkooVidhi PatelOmid Norouzi...
    2629-2667页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract One of the world’s most serious environmental issues is caused by food waste and its losses generated in every stage of the food supply chain. Food waste is an important concern for human well-being and the ecosystem, as well as the hidden opportunity for value-added product conversion. Various parameters of food supply chains and waste management systems contribute to the social, environmental, and economic aspects. Thus, valorization and utilization of food waste is an emerging field focused on converting waste to valuable products such as biofuels, platform chemicals, energy, and carbon materials. As reported in previous studies, food waste is a potential source of valuable bioactive molecules and bioenergy. Earlier studies indicate that the advanced valorization processes of food waste are not applied in developing countries, leading to underutilization of food waste in these regions due to limited research initiatives. This comprehensive review examines several vital and advanced options for the sustainable valorization of food waste, emphasizing its prospects and challenges. Given the inevitable waste generated during handling, transportation, and food processing, the sustainable valorization of food waste is a promising option for the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This review aims to promote the adoption of sustainable technologies to convert waste into wealth of valuable products through biorefinery approaches and integrated valorization approaches, leading to the efficient recycling of global food waste. Herein, biorefinery approaches especially focusing on advanced hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and potential applications of bioproducts derived from food waste have been investigated succinctly. Other conventional valorization approaches such as incineration, landfilling, etc. are described briefly. Additionally, the general comparison and in-depth discussion regarding the sustainability and feasibility of food waste valorization techniques and their technological, economic, and environmental assessments from state-of-the-art perspectives have been discussed. Food waste derived from HTC process has great potential to produce biobased carbon materials for environmental and energy applications. This can significantly contribute to reducing environmental pollution and addressing the shortage of energy crisis. Finally, knowledge gaps and potential risks in the synthesis of bioproducts especially focusing on hydrochar derived from food waste are pointed out, with highlights of the challenges and prospects of this study.Graphical Abstract
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    • Springer Nature

    Review on Bioethanol Production from Fruit Peels

    Alibakhsh KasaeianLeila FereidooniAtefeh AhmadbeigiSadaf Kahedi...
    2669-2691页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The limited resources of fossil fuels and the increasing human demand for the use of fossil fuels have led to thinking about alternative solutions. One of the growing policies is the production of biofuels from various sources, so that extensive studies have been conducted so far in the field of biofuel production from fruit waste, especially fruit peels. The present review paper examines the research conducted in the field of bioethanol production from fruit peels. The bioethanol production process includes the following steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. This process is studied in various categories of fruits including tropical fruits, citrus fruits, berries, etc. The results of these studies show that the use of banana peels during the process leads to the production of 26.84 g/L of bioethanol. Also, combining fruit peels together has provided different results under different conditions, such that the combination of orange peel and rice husk waste has led to the achievement of 22.77 g/liter of bioethanol. The citrus peel mixture including orange peel, mandarin peel, grape peel, lemon peel, and lime peel achieved a yield of 90.2% and 2.27 g/liter/hour of product during the LRC-ECR process. Also, in order to improve the process and the efficiency of various yeasts in the fermentation process and acids and enzymes in acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, it was investigated. The results obtained show that the best choice for optimization is yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Also, the maximum reducing sugar during the enzymatic hydrolysis process of mosambi peel was 386 mg/gram. Studies and investigations conducted show that the production of bioethanol from fruit peel is a promising solution for producing clean fuel and reducing carbon dioxide, as well as an alternative to fossil fuels.
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    Valorization of German Chamomile Agri-Waste as a Source of High-Value Products: Characterization of Nutrients and Phytochemicals Towards Functional Food Development

    Vijaylata PathaniaBirinchi BoraRaman KumarKalit Sharma...
    2693-2713页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Purpose Residues and byproducts generated after the extraction of essential oil (EO) from German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) are often discarded or burnt causing severe resource wastage and pollution. Valorization of these residues and byproducts through a biorefinery approach generates myriad products of high value, leading to resource recovery and enhancement in the sustainability of Chamomile cultivation.Methods Process residues such as Chamomile flower hydrodistillation filtrates (CFL), Chamomile flower residue (CR), and unutilized plant parts (aerial parts and roots) were characterized for their nutritional attributes, phytochemical composition and bioactive properties viz., antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition. A functional soup was developed utilizing the polyphenol rich CFL extracts and compared with commercial soups for their phytochemical and functional properties.Results The fixed oil of the Chamomile flower (CF) contained high concentrations of linoleic acid. The CFL extracts were abundant in polyphenols, specifically p-Coumaric acid constituting 50% of the total composition. The CFL extracts exhibited strong antioxidant (IC50 30–50 µg ml−1), and α- glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 244.81 µg ml−1). The CR contained significant quantities of fiber (18.80 g 100 g−1) and protein (14.80 g 100 g−1) with higher concentrations of sulfur amino acids. The CFL extract-incorporated soup formulations possessed better phytochemical attributes when compared to commercial soups.Conclusion The CFL extracts could be targeted for nutraceutical applications while the CR and unutilized plant parts could be exploited as sources of industrial fibre and proteins that may find application as animal feed. The present work demonstrates the scope for the generation of value-added products from Chamomile waste towards effective resource recovery and enhancement of the sustainability of Chamomile cultivation.Graphical abstract
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    Unveiling the Potential of Agrifood By-products: a Comprehensive Review of Phytochemicals, Bioactivities and Industrial Applications

    Filipe FernandesCristina Delerue-MatosClara Grosso
    2715-2748页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The agrifood systems produce a vast amount of food every year and yet, a large portion of that production is directly wasted. The valorisation of the by-products resulting from this sector is of the utmost importance for a full application of circular economy and the sustainability of the world in general. The residual biomass resulting from the agrifood systems can be used in a variety of ways, such as fuel, electricity or solvent production, or the extraction of phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites that have health benefits in humans, namely antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, among many others. As such, these are highly sought after in the fight against many diseases, including cancer and neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Here, we review the main types of phytochemicals present in agrifood by-products, along with their potential bioactivities, and some industrial applications in which these phytochemicals are already being used.Graphical Abstract
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    New Biorefinery Approach for the Valorization of Fruit Processing Waste at a Local Scale: Pomegranate Pomace as Case Study

    Irene MaggioreLeonardo Setti
    2749-2766页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The processing of fruit and vegetables generates globally high amount of organic waste, which is suitable to be valorized because of the chemistry it encloses. Conventional treatment methods for waste biomass generate low value products and cause climate altering emissions. Small biorefineries are valid alternatives for the sustainable waste biomass conversion, but their feasibility is strictly related to the use of low-energy process, and the market positioning of the final product. The present work provides an innovative approach for the green conversion of vegetable waste into high value product, with the aim to encourage the deployment of biorefinery at a local scale. It involves the enzymatic disassimilation of plant cell wall into chemicals with specific functions, and their recombination in form of emulsion, as a product prototype for food and cosmetic sector. To explain the biorefinery model, we applied it to pomegranate pomace, the residue from juicing, for the recovery of oil, pectin and antioxidant molecules via enzyme assisted extraction. The process left behind 30% of the initial solid waste. Finally, the dispersion of pomegranate oil into pomegranate pectin solution as emulsifier, brought to a novel emulsion, 98.9% waste-derived, further functionalizable with pomegranate exocarp hydrolysate with high antioxidant capacity.Graphical Abstract
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    Laccase Production by Trametes pubescens from Citrus Industry By-Products

    Federica SpinaMarcello FidaleoGiovanna Cristina Varese
    2767-2777页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Purpose Laccases have become one of the most interesting green biocatalysts with possible technological impact on several biotechnological sectors, including pollutants bioremediation, bio-bleaching of pulp and fabrics, cosmetics, etc. To overcome the consistent production costs, agro-industrial wastes can offer a renewable, cheap, and nutritionally rich alternative to synthetic fermentation media. Despite their potential, many wastes have not been extensively valorized and their actual exploitation in microbial fermentation is still unexplored, including the here studied orange peel waste (OPW). This study investigated the possibility to use a sustainable medium to produce laccases by the fungus Trametes pubescens MUT 2400. Most of the research run microbial fermentation in solid state mode, even though this technology has many technical drawbacks, including the unsustainable scale up. Submerged fermentation may help to overcome these issues and was hence considered in the present study.Methods We used a factorial approach to study laccase production and biomass growth in submerged fermentation on media based on OPW. A replicated full factorial design with center point allowed to study the main effects and interactions of OPW and nitrogen concentration varying in the range of 30–50 g/L and 8.7–28.7 g/L, respectively, as well as their contribution to the curvature of the responses.Results The key role of carbon and nitrogen source concentration on laccase productivity has been highlighted. The nitrogen concentrations used did not limit growth but affected laccase overproduction interacting with the concentration of OPW. The maximum laccase activity of 46.0 U/mL, more than 50% higher than the lowest detected activity in the experiment, was obtained at high concentration of OPW and nitrogen source.Conclusions These results demonstrate that OPW can effectively sustain submerged fermentation of T. pubescens, causing an extensive growth and laccase production. The production yield was approx. 900 U/g of OPW, raising the interest of the potential effect on the receiving market. Indeed, considering that citrus sector has approx. 50–60% of losses, generating millions of tonnes of wastes that could become a valuable by-product. In contrast to traditional culture techniques, factorial design highlighted the interaction between the operative parameters under study and their combined role on laccase production, confirming to be a valuable tool for media development in microbial fermentation.Graphical Abstract
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    Emerging Trends in the Valorization of Agricultural Waste and Their Utilization in Agricultural, Pharmaceuticals, and Environmental Cleanup

    Virendra Kumar YadavAnish Kumar SharmaAmel GacemJyotsana Pandit...
    2779-2833页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Millions of tons (MTs) of agro-waste are generated annually and are responsible for land and water pollution worldwide. The major agro-waste are rice husk and straw, wheat husk and straw, corn cob and stalk, shells from various nuts, citrus peels, sugarcane bagasse (SCB), etc. Some of these agro-waste have significant moisture, while others have less. The dumping of high moisture-containing agro-waste openly in the environment attracts the flies and becomes the breeding site for the flies and mosquitos. Agro-waste has more carbon and silica, which can be used in bioenergy, food sectors, bioactive compounds (BAC), and agriculture. Using this agro-waste to manufacture value-added materials may help minimize the waste generated from these. Here, the investigators reviewed various types of agro-waste the agricultural sector generates. Further, the authors have focused on the multiple methods for developing value-added materials from this agro-waste. The authors have reviewed conventional agro-waste uses, their emerging uses in the pharmaceutical, agriculture, and food industries, and environmental clean-up. Emphasis has been given on the recovery and synthesis of nanoparticles from agro-waste. Finally, the focus was on present and future applications of agro-waste as an adsorbent for eliminating organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater.Graphical Abstract
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    Pomegranate Peel as a Renewable Bioresource to Improve Gelling Properties of Tilapia Surimi: Valorising Waste to Green Gel Enhancer

    Sanjeev SharmaRanendra Kumar Majumdar
    2835-2848页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Valorising the high-value ingredients from waste and using them as food additives is a revolutionary step that reduces environmental pollution. Thus, this work evaluates the influences of ethanolic pomegranate peel extracts (EPPx) at multiple concentrations (0–0.60%, w/w) on the gelling ability, protein configuration, microstructure, and acceptability of Nile tilapia surimi gels. The peels were used to extract with water and ethanol (40–100%, v/v), resulting in the highest yield and phenolic content at 100% ethanol. An increase in the fortified 100% ethanolic extract from 0% to 0.30% significantly enhanced the gel strength and other textural attributes. The results displayed that 0.30% EPPx fortified surimi gels had higher chemical bonding including hydrogen and hydrophobic bonding, water holding capacity and lower sulfhydryl and free amino groups. Likewise, the fortification of EPPx (0.30%) eased the unfolding of surimi protein, leading to conformational alteration from α-helix to β-sheet. Subsequently, SEM images showed relatively organized finer and denser gel network when the surimi gels fortified with optimum EPPx level (0.30%). Sensory scores revealed improved odour, texture, elasticity and overall acceptability in fortified gels. The fortification of 0.30% EPPx not only improves the gelling properties, microstructure and acceptability of tilapia surimi but is also supplemented with bioactive polyphenols, which generally persist deficit in surimi.Graphical Abstract
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    Valorization of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Testa as a Source of Phenolic Compounds with α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Properties

    P. SruthiM. Madhava Naidu
    2849-2861页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract Purpose Cashew nut testa (CNT) is an underutilized cashew by-product. This agro-industrial by-product has the potential for valorization. This study evaluates the novel potential of antioxidant, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of cashew nut testa polyphenols through bioassay-guided fractionation.Methods The antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory properties of crude and various phenolic fractions of cashew nut testa were evaluated in this study. Chromatographic separation and in-vitro bioassays directed the identification of the most active fraction.Results The crude ethanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity from DPPH* (IC50 15.50 ± 0.67 µg mL− 1) and ABTS* (IC50 40.20 ± 2.40 µg mL− 1) assays. Among the column fractions, fraction 7 is the most potent fraction with superior antioxidant activity. Characterization was done by TLC, HPTLC, and HPLC, indicating the presence of flavonoids. Cashew nut testa phenolics showed potential inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase.Conclusion Polyphenols recovered from this agro-industrial by-product had antioxidant, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. Flavonoids, especially (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin, and catechin gallate, are the primary polyphenols responsible for the antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory properties of cashew nut testa. This study suggests the potential valorization of this agro-industrial by-product as a source of antioxidants and a natural source of polyphenols to manage hyperglycaemia.
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    Novel Approach to Address Vibrio vulnificus Pollution Amidst Climate Change: Harnessing the Potential of Punica granatum L. Peel Extracts

    Cheng-Yang HsiehBor-Yann ChenPaolo Robert P. BuenoMaria Regina Gean G. Aledia...
    2863-2874页
    查看更多>>摘要：Abstract The increasing prevalence of Vibrio vulnificus, a potentially lethal pathogen, poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health, exacerbated by the ongoing effects of climate change. This study explored a pioneering strategy that combines microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology and molecular docking techniques to combat V. vulnificus pollution and harness the multifaceted potential of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) peels. Water and ethanol extracts of P. granatum L. peels have been investigated for their antioxidant, bioenergy generation, and anti-V. vulnificus activities. The major compound identified in these extracts is ellagic acid, known for its electron-shuttling capabilities and anti-V. vulnificus properties. These extracts displayed remarkable antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential to mitigate oxidative stress caused by environmental pollution and climate change-induced factors. Moreover, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were employed as a sustainable technology to generate bioenergy. Using P. granatum L. peel extracts as electron shuttles within the MFCs demonstrated promising results in enhancing energy generation efficiency, with maximal power densities of PG-E 1.67-fold and PG-W 2.13-fold. Molecular docking studies revealed the strong binding affinity of ellagic acid (LibDock score 110.872) to the V. vulnificus target, offering insights into the mechanisms behind its antibacterial properties. These findings may provide a new rationale for using P. granatum L. peels as a natural antimicrobial agent against V. vulnificus.Graphical Abstract
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    • Springer Nature