查看更多>>摘要：This insightful interview article covers the Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment's special interview with Dr. William C. Cho, focusing on his career trajectory, research focus, and ambitious goals for the next five years in cancer research. Dr. Cho, recognized as a Highly Cited Researcher in 2023 by Clarivate, has a wide research spectrum, including cancer biomarkers, non-coding RNA, genomics, and bioinformatics. In the interview, he elaborates on how advancements in these areas contribute to cancer treatment, emphasizing their potential impact on personalized medicine and therapeutic strategies. Dr. Cho shares experiences, underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations, and highlights upcoming trends in cancer research. The interview may offer some guidance and advice to early-career researchers, encouraging them to find their passion, broaden their horizons, and make meaningful contributions to the field of cancer research.
查看更多>>摘要：Aim:The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential clinical impact of clonal evolution detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients managed with a watch-and-wait strategy.Methods: We performed both overall survival (OS) and time to first treatment (TTFT) analysis. For the first one, we exploited a real-life cohort of 123 consecutive CLL patients followed at our institution, for which at least a second FISH evaluation during watch and wait was available. For TTFT analysis, we considered only patients treated after the second FISH sample (n = 69).Results: Considering the original cohort, patients who acquired a FISH abnormality displayed a worse outcome with a median OS of 91.9 months compared to 147.3 months for patients who did not acquire any FISH abnormalities (P = 0.007). Unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGHV) genes were associated with a higher probability of acquiring a FISH abnormality (P = 0.04). Turning to TTFT analysis, patients who gained at least one FISH abnormality (n = 7, 10％) were characterised by an earlier treatment requirement with a median TTFT of 1.1 months, compared to 2.7 months in patients who did not acquire any FISH abnormalities (n=62,90％) (P=0.025).Conclusions: The dynamic acquisition of karyotypic abnormalities by FISH predicts poor outcomes and early treatment requirement in CLL patients. Our results suggest that FISH analysis could be integrated with other clinical and biological features to obtain dynamic scores that are able to predict outcomes at different phases of disease history.
查看更多>>摘要：To fully implement precision medicine, a deeper understanding of biomarkers, companion diagnostics, and their use in clinical trials is needed. Here, we describe key events in biomarker discovery and clinical trial design, and how those stages may be streamlined to fast-track approval of companion diagnostics (CDx). We discuss crucial qualities of a successful CDx that include understanding the prevalence of the marker in the intention to treat population, careful consideration of the scoring scheme that will be used in later clinical trial stages, and reliability of the performance of the CDx, in addition to other necessary features.
查看更多>>摘要：Mechanical forces play a key role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Intercellular interactions between fibroblasts and cancer cells contribute a large portion of the mechanical forces in tumor tissue. Hence, further investigation of the mechanical force-mediated intercellular interactions between cancer cells and fibroblasts is urgently needed, given the slow progress in the management of various solid cancers. In our previous study, we observed obvious mechanical force-mediated interactions between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and fibroblasts through integrins and ECM proteins by using our coculture model and discovered that these interactions play important roles in 3D structure formation and tumor growth, suggesting their potential application in HCC treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress in this field in hopes of providing insight into the development of potential anticancer strategies, with a special focus on HCC.
Ali ShojaeianMohsen NakhaieZahra Sobhi AmjadArmin Khaghani Boroujeni...
43-67页
查看更多>>摘要：Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is categorized among the most common primary malignant liver cancer and a primary global cause of death from cancer. HCC tends to affect males 2-4 times more than females in many nations. The main factors that raise the incidence of HCC are chronic liver diseases, hepatotropic viruses like hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, exposure to toxins like aflatoxin, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among these, hepatitis B and C are the most prevalent causes of chronic hepatitis globally. Metformin, which is made from a naturally occurring compound called galegine, derived from the plant Galega officinalis (G. officinalis), has been found to exhibit antitumor effects in a wide range of malignancies, including HCC. In fact, compared to patients on sulphonylureas or insulin, studies have demonstrated that metformin treatment significantly lowers the risk of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease. This article will first describe the molecular mechanism of hepatitis B and C viruses in the development of HCC. Then, we will provide detailed explanations about metformin, followed by a discussion of the association between metformin and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by the viruses mentioned above.
查看更多>>摘要：P90 Ribosomal S6 Kinases (RSKs) constitute a class of Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases and play a critical role as downstream targets in the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Gaining insight into the biological function of RSK family proteins, given their functions in various tumors, is vital. The RSK family is involved in the regulation of cellular functions including cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and survival. The RSK family comprises four human isoforms (RSK1, RSK2, RSK3, and RSK4). The activation of RSK protein kinases is mediated through direct phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) after the Ras/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway is activated. Recent evidence suggests that RSK family proteins promote the onset and metastasis of cancer, leading to the association of the protein expression of these kinases with various cancer types, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer, glioma, and endometrial cancer. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the RSK family, focusing on its role in patients with CRC, along with associated treatment challenges and limitations. This information enhances our comprehension of the regulation and function of RSK family proteins, highlighting their potential as both clinical biomarkers for diagnosing CRC and targets for molecular therapeutic interventions in the future.
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