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材料科学技术（英文版）
材料科学技术（英文版）

胡壮麟

月刊

1005-0302

jmst@imr.ac.cn

024-83978208

110016

沈阳市沈河区文化路72号

材料科学技术（英文版）/Journal Journal of Materials Science & TechnologyCSCDCSTPCD北大核心EISCI
查看更多>>本刊简称《JMST》，（ISSN 1005-0302，CN 21-1315/TG）。1985年创刊。是中国科协主管，中国金属学会，中国材料研究学会和中国科学院金属研究所联合主办的国际性英文期刊，以“加强国际交流，扩大学术影响，服务经济建设”为办刊宗旨，刊登世界各国的具有创新性和较高学术水平的原始性论文，并设有物约综述、快报、简讯及国内外材料界杰出学者简介等栏目，内容包括金属材料、无机非金属材料、复合材料及有机高分子材料等。
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    Magnetoresistance retraction behaviour of Ag/p-Ge:Ga/Ag device under pulsed high magnetic field

    Xiong HeZhengcai XiaHaoyu NiuZhuo Zeng...
    1-6页
    查看更多>>摘要：In non-magnetic semiconductor materials,unsaturated magnetoresistance(MR)effect has attracted lots of attention due to its physical interests and potential applications in electronic devices.Under the ex-tremely high magnetic field,the stability and reliability of MR effects based on the non-ohmic transport has been rarely researched.In this paper,the transport properties of non-magnetic Ag/p-Ge:Ga/Ag devices under 45 T pulsed high magnetic field at 300 K are investigated.It is found that in ohmic conduction re-gion(l＜5 mA)where the single dominant carrier is hole,the MR values increase with increasing the applied magnetic field,presenting a conventional unsaturated behavior.In the two non-ohmic regions(5 mA＜I＜100 mA)where the transport is dominated by bipolar(electrons and holes),a MR retraction has been obviously observed under pulsed high magnetic field.Combining the Hall measurement results and calculation of Hall effect with bipolar-driven transport model,the mechanism of the MR retraction is analysed,in which the MR retraction may be related to the strong regulation of electron-to-hole den-sity ratio by pulsed high magnetic field.This work provides a reference for evaluating the stability and reliability of the properties of non-magnetic semiconductor based MR devices under the interference of strong magnetic pulses.
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    Role of δ-ferrite in fatigue crack growth of AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel

    Qiyu WangShenghu ChenXinliang LvHaichang Jiang...
    7-15页
    查看更多>>摘要：FF sample(nearly free of δ-ferrite)and CF sample(containing 4％δ-ferrite)were prepared from the AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel plate to elucidate the role of δ-ferrite in the fatigue crack growth under the solution treated and accelerated aged conditions.It is found that the fatigue crack growth resistance of the CF sample is higher than the FF sample under the solution treated condition.However,a significant deterioration of the fatigue crack growth resistance is observed in the CF sample while little variation is found in the FF sample after accelerated aging treatment at 750℃for 10 h.In the solution treated condition,deflected crack growth path is present when the main crack encounters the δ-ferrite in the CF sample due to the differences in the fatigue responses between austenite and 8-ferrite.The measured growth rate of the deflected crack is significantly slower than that of the flat crack of the same length.After the accelerated aging treatment,microcracks are produced at the M23C6/8 interface due to the strain incompatibility between M23C6 and retained 8-ferrite when the decomposedδ-ferrite is subject to plastic deformation in the crack tip plastic zone.The preexisting microcracks in the front of crack tip provide a viable path for crack propagation,resulting in the relatively flat crack path.
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    Bulk nanocrystalline W-Ti alloys with exceptional mechanical properties and thermal stability

    H.X.XueX.C.CaiVisualizationB.R.Sun...
    16-28页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nanocrystalline(NC)W metals and alloys often exhibit higher radiation tolerance and strength than their coarse-grained counterparts.However,their thermal stability is low,making it difficult to achieve bulk NC W metals and alloys by consolidation using conventional techniques such as pressure-less sintering,hot-explosive-compaction sintering,and spark plasma sintering.Here we report the synthesis and mechanical properties of bulk NC W100-xTix(x=10 at.％-30 at.％)alloys prepared by consolidating mechanically al-loyed NC powders under a high-temperature/high-pressure condition.Adding 20 at.％-30 at.％Ti largely improves the sinterability of NC W-Ti alloy powders.The room-temperature microhardness and compres-sive yield strength of consolidated bulk NC W80Ti20 alloy are～16.9 and 6.0 GPa,respectively,which are mainly caused by grain boundary strengthening and significantly higher than those of previously re-ported W and W alloys.The ultimate compressive strength of bulk NC W80Ti20 measured between 900 and 1100℃deceases with increasing temperature.This behavior can be explained by the activation of Rachinger grain boundary sliding.No grain growth is observed in bulk NC W80Ti20 after compression at 1000℃.Theoretical calculation suggests that it is the segregation of Ti at grain boundaries that decreases the specific grain boundary free energy and makes the NC W80Ti20 alloy thermodynamically stable.
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    Direct methanol fuel cells system-A review of dual-role electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation

    Yuanhui ZuoWenchao ShengWenquan TaoZhuo Li...
    29-41页
    查看更多>>摘要：One fundamental challenge in exploiting direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs)is the preparation of inex-pensive,high active electrocatalysts,which are highly active and durable for the two half-reactions,i.e.,the methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)at the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the cathode.Platinum group metals-based catalysts have been known the governing dual-functional electro-catalysts based on the literature reports.But these catalysts are expensive and commercialize the DMFC less attractive.In addition to the high-cost,there are also methanol crossover,CO poisoning,long-term instability,and other problems as for Pt-based spurs.For the dual-role MOR&ORR catalysts,methanol crossover is inevitable to a certain extent on the current development of DMFC with losses in terms of cell voltage.In this regard,one strategy is to exploit high selective anodic/cathodic electrocatalysts to cap-italize the energy density at a high concentration of methanol.According to the summary results,there are mainly two types of dual-role electrocatalysts:one is Pt-support/co-catalyst(designated as P-S/C)for MOR/ORR,the other is catalyst/co-catalyst(designated as C/C)for MOR/ORR.This paper aims to review the design and construction of the various dual-role catalysts and give some discussion briefly.
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    Mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of shape memory bulk metallic glass composites synthesized by powder metallurgy

    Tianbing HeTiwen LuDaniel ?opuXiaoliang Han...
    42-54页
    查看更多>>摘要：The synthesis of martensitic or shape-memory bulk metallic glass composites(BMGCs)via solidification of the glass-forming melts requires the meticulous selection of the chemical composition and the proper choice of the processing parameters in order to ensure that the glassy matrix coexists with the desired amount of austenitic phase.Unfortunately,a relatively limited number of such systems,where austenite and glassy matrix coexist over a wide range of compositions,is available.Here,we study the effective-ness of powder metallurgy as an alternative to solidification for the synthesis of shape memory BMGCs.Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8 matrix composites with different volume fractions of Ni50.6Ti49.4 are fabricated using hot pressing and their microstructure,mechanical properties and deformation mechanism are investigated employing experiments and simulations.The results demonstrate that shape-memory BMGCs with tun-able microstructures and properties can be synthesized by hot pressing.The phase stability of the glass and austenitic components across a wide range of compositions allows us to examine fundamental as-pects in the field of shape memory BMGCs,including the effect of the confining stress on the martensitic transformation exerted by the glassy matrix,the contribution of each phase to the plasticity and the mechanism responsible for shear band formation.The present method gives a virtually infinite choice among the possible combinations of glassy matrices and shape memory phases,expanding the range of accessible shape memory BMGCs to systems where the glassy and austenitic phases do not form simul-taneously using the solidification route.
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    High thermoelectric and mechanical performance in the n-type polycrystalline SnSe incorporated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

    Xin-Yu MaoXiao-Lei ShiLiang-Chuang ZhaiWei-Di Liu...
    55-61页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study,we introduce multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in Pb/1 co-doped n-type polycrys-tal SnSe to simultaneously improve its thermoelectric and mechanical properties for the first time.The introduced MWCNTs act as the"bridges"to accelerate the electron carrier transport between SnSe grains,leading to significantly increased electrical conductivity from 32.6 to 45.7 S cm-1 at 773 K,which con-tributes to an enhanced power factor of～5.0 uW cm-1 K-2 at this temperature.Although MWCNTs possess high intrinsic thermal conductivities,these MWCNTs,acting as nanoinclusions in the SnSe matrix to form the dense interfaces between SnSe and MWCNTs,provide extra heat-carrying phonon scattering centers,leading to a slightly reduced lattice thermal conductivity of only 0.34 W m-1 K-2 at 773 K and in turn,a high ZT of～1.0 at this temperature.Furthermore,the introduced MWCNTs can simultane-ously act as the"binders"to bond adjacent grains,significantly improving the mechanical properties of SnSe by boosting its Vickers hardness from 39.5 to 50.5.This work indicates that our facile approach can achieve high thermoelectric and mechanical properties in n-type SnSe polycrystals with a considerable potential for applying to thermoelectric devices as n-type elements.
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    Spatial phase structure and oxidation process of Al-W alloy powder with high sphericity

    Aobo HuShuizhou Cai
    62-72页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this study,Al-30W(wt.％)alloy powder was prepared by Aluminothermic reduction and high-temperature gas atomization.We then studied the phase composition,surface morphology,spatial phase structure,and thermal oxidation process using XRD,SEM/EDS,TEM,DSC,and DTA/TG analysis.The results showed that the Al-30W alloy powder exhibited high sphericity,and the interior presented a special spa-tial phase structure in which the Al/W amorphous alloy phase and the metastable Al/W intermetallic compound phase were distributed in the pure Al matrix.When the Al-30W alloy powder was stabilized in a vacuum tube furnace,the spatial phase structure of the alloy powder changed,and a small amount of pure Al was embedded in the Al12W matrix.The resulting Al-30W alloy powder products,treated in air at different temperatures,were collected in situ and characterized.The results presented that with an increase in temperature,the types and morphologies of the Al/W intermetallic compounds in the Al-30W alloy powder changed.Furthermore,the Al-30W alloy powder began to undergo intense oxidation reactions at about 900℃,accompanied by a concentrated energy release and rapid weight gain.The volatilization of WO3 produced in the oxidation process promoted the complete oxidation of the Al-30W alloy powder,and the Al-30W alloy powder was completely oxidized at 1300℃.At this stage,all W atoms were transformed into gaseous W03,and only a large number of small A1203 fragments remained in the oxidation product.Thus,the Al-30W alloy powder exhibited excellent thermal reactivity and oxi-dation integrity,and may offer excellent application prospects in the field of energetic materials.
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    Large enhancement of magnetocaloric effect induced by dual regulation effects of hydrostatic pressure in Mn0.94Feo.06NiGe compound

    He ZhouDekun WangZhe LiJunzhuang Cong...
    73-80页
    查看更多>>摘要：MM'X(M,M'=transition metals,X=carbon or boron group elements)compounds could exhibit large magnetocaloric effect due to the magnetostructural transition,and the composition regulation has been widely studied to realize the magnetostructural transition.Moreover,the magnetostructural transition is also sensitive to the pressure.Herein,the effect of hydrostatic pressure on magnetostructural trans-formation and magnetocaloric effect has been investigated in Mn0.94Feo.06NiGe compound.Dual regula-tion effect of lowering structural transition temperature and strengthening ferromagnetic(FM)state of martensite is realized by applying hydrostatic pressure,which would greatly improve the magnetocaloric effect of Mno.94Feo.06NiGe compound.Moreover,the first-principles calculations have also been performed to discuss the origin of the regulation effect under hydrostatic pressure,and it indicates that the hydro-static pressure can stabilize the hexagonal structure and decrease the structural transition temperature.The maximum isothermal entropy change increases by 109％from 4.3 J/(kg K)under 0 GPa to 9.0 J/(kg K)under 0.402 GPa for a magnetic field change of 0-3 T.This work proves that the hydrostatic pressure is an effective method to regulate the magnetostructural transition and enhance magnetocaloric effect in MM'X compounds.
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    Ag-Pd alloy decorated ZnIn2S4 microspheres with optimal Schottky barrier height for boosting visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution

    Chao LiuYulong ZhangJiaxin WuHailu Dai...
    81-89页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rapid charge carrier recombination rate and insufficient light harvesting capacity are two dominat-ing drawbacks encountered in zinc indium sulfide(Znln2S4)for photocatalytic applications.Herein,a chemical reduction method was performed to combine bimetallic Ag-Pd alloy nanoparticles(NPs)with spherical-like Znln2S4(ZIS).By optimizing Ag:Pd molar ratio and overall loading amount,the optimal Ag0.25Pd0.75-ZIS sample exhibited a maximum H2 evolution rate(125.4 pmol/h)under visible light,which was higher than that of ZIS,Ag-ZIS and Pd-ZIS.The loading of Ag NPs contribution to PHE reaction by its plasmonic effect was negligible compared to that of Pd loading(Schottky effect).The apparent quan-tum yield(AQY)values over Ag0.25Pd0.75-ZIS sample could reach up to 18.3％at 400 nm and 15.8％at 420 nm.The enhanced activity for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(PHE)over Ag0.25Pd0.75-ZIS sample was mainly due to the bimetallic synergistic effect that presented as follows.Firstly,the plasmon hy-bridization by loading Ag-Pd bimetallic alloy can significantly increase light harvesting capacity of ZIS.Secondly,the optimal Schottky barrier height formed between Ag-Pd alloy and ZIS interface was benefi-cial for prolonging electron-hole pair lifetimes,promoting charge carrier separation and thus facilitating PHE efficiency.Density functional theory(DFT)analysis indicated that the adsorption energy of H*over Pd0.75Ag0.25 alloy was very close to zero and thus theoretically possessed the highest activity for H2 evo-lution,which is in line with experimental results.Combined theoretical calculation with experimental results,a reasonable photocatalytic mechanism was proposed and verified.
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