查看更多>>摘要：Cold stress adversely affects rice growth,particularly at the early vegetative growth stage.In higher plants,nitrogen metabolism plays a central role in amino acid metabolism,plant defense mechanisms and productivity.This report investigated the effects of cold stress and supplemental γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)under cold stress on nitrogen metabolism in rice seedlings.Cold stress resulted in a greater increase in the transformation to NH4+by nitrate reductase(NR)in roots,it further resulted in lower levels of NO3-content in roots,weakened glutamine glutamate(GOGAT/GS)pathway and elevated glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)pathway of rice seedlings.Whereas,compared with cold stress,supplementation of GABA(2.5 mmol·L-1)could increase relative water content(79.43％)and biomass(34.15％)of rice seedlings.GABA could act as an amplifier of stress signal conduction/transduction to increase NR activity and promote NO3-assimilation in leaves.In addition,GABA elicited the Ca2+signaling pathway which could promote the GDH pathway and GABA shunt,increase the activities of GS and GDH,and the expression of OsGAD2 and OsGDH family.The GABA might increase the ratio of the Glu family and avoid NH4+toxicity in order to raise the concentration of organic compounds and alleviate the harmful consequences of cold stress.Based on these observations,this study proposed that GABA mediated cold tolerance in rice seedlings by activating Ca2+burst and subsequent crosstalk among Ca2+signaling,GDH pathway and GABA shunt.
查看更多>>摘要：Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.(HD)with high edible and medicinal values is distributed in Northeast Asia.To provide a reference for selecting appropriate parts and periods to harvest HD,the nutrient contents in different parts of HD at three growth stages were determined.The nutrients being determined are essential nutrients closely related to human needs,and the crude protein content of HD was 3.58-28.43 g·100 g-1 DW(dry weight),sugar content was 2.33-30.92 g·100 g-1 DW,and soluble dietary fiber content was 9.71-26.09 g·100 g-1 DW.Crude protein was mainly distributed in leaf blades and inflorescences,sugar was primarily found in roots,and dietary fiber was predominantly located in leaves.From the leaf development stage to the flowering stage and then to the late seed harvest stage,the content of moisture,crude protein and soluble sugar first decreased and then increased.In contrast,the content of dietary fiber and crude fat first increased and then decreased.
查看更多>>摘要：Long term tillage in mollisol of Northeast China has led to an inhomogeneous distribution of soil organic matter content.Biochar,a carbon material,changes the soil carbon pool and physical-chemical characteristics after adding to the soil.However,the mechanism remains unclear for the relation between the soil organic matter level and biochar amount.So,the soil physical and chemical properties and soybean growth in a two-year pot experiment were detected at three levels of soil organic matter and three biochar additions(0,1％and 10％).The difference was found in two biochar application rates.The 1％biochar addition had no positive effect on the soil chemical properties based the two-year experiment.However,10％biochar application significantly increased the soil water content(8.0％-39.7％),the total porosity(9.7％-21.3％),pH(0.26-0.84 unit),organic matter content(89.0％-261.2％),and the available potassium content(29.0％-109.1％).The biomass of soybean increased by 19.4％-78.1％after biochar addition,yet,the soil bulk density reduced at the range of 12.6％-26.0％by 10％biochar addition.Only the 100-grain weight was correlated to the interaction of biochar and the native soil organic matter.All the indicators showed that the interaction between biochar and soil organic matter level was weak in mollisol.The effects of biochar on the physical-chemical properties relied on its amount.When biochar is applied to the soil,the amount of biochar should be considered rather than the native soil organic matter level.
查看更多>>摘要：This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33％(group B),67％(group C)and 100％(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P＜0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P＜0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P＜0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P＜0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P＜0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P＜0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P＜0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P＜0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P＜0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P＜0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33％FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.
查看更多>>摘要：Somatic cell count detection is the daily work of dairy farms to monitor the health of cows.The feasibility of applying near-infrared spectroscopy to somatic cell count detection was researched in this paper.Milk samples with different somatic cell counts were collected and preprocessing methods were studied.Variable selection algorithm based on hybrid strategy and modelling method based on ensemble learning were explored for somatic cell count detection.Detection model was used to diagnose subclinical mastitis and the results showed that near-infrared spectroscopy could be a tool to realize rapid detection of somatic cell count in milk.
查看更多>>摘要：The commercial cultivation of genetically modified(GM)crops has eased the global food crisis and brought considerable economic and social benefits to countries.Because of the potential safety problems,it is necessary to make clear the molecular genetic characteristics,edible safety,planting,processing,and other aspects of the safety evaluation of GM crops.The safety problems existing in the cultivation of GM crops,safety evaluation and detection of GM crops were introduced in this paper,which provided the basis for safety evaluation and effective supervision of GM crops and their products.Commercial cultivation and reasonable supervision based on safety evaluation have far-reaching significance for ensuring consumer safety,enhancing the credibility of the national political system and enhancing citizens'confidence in the safety of GM crop products for consumption.
查看更多>>摘要：The construction of shiology system is the premise for comprehensively solving the issues of human shiance.The core of the construction of the shiology system is to reveal the inclusion and juxtaposition of relationships within shiance based on a comprehensive understanding of human shiance issues.The shiology system discussed in this paper is a four-level discipline system with the basic structure of shiology triangle composed of eaters'demands,food acquisition and shiance order,and it is currently in the form of"1-3-13-36".From a longitudinal point of view,53 inclusion relationships are established among disciplines at all levels.Horizontally,53 juxtapositions are established between disciplines at the same level.The shiology system is bounded by human shiance issues,not involving non-shiance issues areas.Human cognition of shiance and shiance issues must go through three historical stages as fragmented cognition,block-based cognition and holistic cognition.The construction of the shiology system marks that humans have entered the stage of"holistic cognition"of shiance.As the Chinese proverb goes,"food is the paramount necessity of the people".Shiology system interprets its connotation and extension.To solve shiance issues holistically,it need to ensure food security,enable people to eat healthy,and foster an enduring and stable society.And shiology system is a global public product which comprehensively solves shiance issues.
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维普