Andreas MoserJasper van VlietUlrike Wissen HayekAdrienne Grêt-Regamey...
625-636页
查看更多>>摘要：The amount of impervious surface is increasing rapidly worldwide.Although urban expansion has been studied extensively,the alteration of impervious land cover in rural regions remains under-examined.In particular,in-sights into the utilization of these sealed surfaces are crucially needed to unravel the underlying dynamics of land use changes beyond urban areas.This study focuses on rural regions from a Swiss case study and presents an analysis of the use of sealed surfaces in such regions,rather than solely quantifying the extent of sealed sur-faces.Utilizing a synergistic approach that merges detailed cadastral plans with very-high-resolution remote sensing imagery and sophisticated deep learning algorithms,we characterized the uses of sealed surfaces,includ-ing buildings and their surroundings.Our findings reveal that 2.1％of the study area's rural regions comprises sealed surfaces-an area comparable to the sealed surfaces in the urban regions.Within these rural regions,trans-port infrastructure represents 68％of this impervious surface.Buildings account for 12％,and their surroundings,constituting 13％,are utilized primarily for agricultural purposes,including farming and livestock activities.The deep learning approach achieved a classification accuracy of 72％for a shallow model and 79％for a deeper model,indicating that mapping building types is possible with reasonable accuracy.The outcomes of this study underscore the critical need to factor in the presence and utilization of impervious land cover within rural regions for the sustainable management of land resources.
查看更多>>摘要：The paper introduces a Special Issue based on presentations to the Agricultural Geography and Land Engineering(AGLE)Commission sessions of the International Geographical Union(IGU)at the IGU's Congress in Paris in 2022.The sessions contrasted different approaches towards attaining greater sustainability in agricultural pro-duction to satisfy the need to feed the ever-increasing human population,currently expected to reach close to ten billion by 2050.After considering the multi-faceted problem of defining sustainable agriculture,this intro-duction systematically outlines broad strategies to attain the varied outcomes desired by agricultural systems.Presenting a contrast between ecocentric and technocentric approaches provides opportunities to synthesize re-cent literature addressing the pros and cons of these two broad alternatives.Recognition of the ecological and socio-cultural benefits accruing from the ecocentric has long been championed by proponents of a wide range of environmentally friendly farming systems,including organic farming,climate-smart agriculture,agroforestry,and permaculture.The technocentric lies at the heart of so-called Agriculture 4.0,in which innovations such as precision farming,digital technology,and genetic modification are applied to increase production per unit area.The potential for technology to'solve'the world's food crisis is supported by those who argue that ecocentric approaches alone cannot meet the rising demand for food.Yet,questions remain about the sustainability of new technology-based methods,so a strong and ongoing debate continues regarding how to attain greater sustainabil-ity alongside increasing agricultural output.This debate is exemplified in the contributions to the Special Issue outlined herewith.
Anders ForsmanJohanna SundeRomana SalisMarkus Franzén...
647-659页
查看更多>>摘要：Adaptive governance of areas set aside for future protection of biodiversity,sustainable production,and recre-ation requires knowledge about whether and how effects of area protection are modulated by climate change and redistribution of species.To investigate this,we compare biodiversity of plants(assessed using vegetation plots)and arthropods(collected with Malaise traps,analyzed using metabarcoding)and productivity(tree growth,de-termined using dendrochronology)in protected and non-protected oak(Quercus spp.)forests along a latitudinal gradient(55.6 °N-60.8 °N)in Sweden.We also compare historical,recent and projected future climate in the region.In contrast to established global latitudinal diversity gradients,species richness of plants and arthro-pods increased northwards,possibly reflecting recent climate-induced community redistributions,but neither was higher in protected than in non-protected areas,nor associated with contemporary ground temperature.Species composition of arthropods also did not differ between protected and non-protected areas.Arthropod biomass increased with latitude,suggesting that the magnitude of cascading effects mediated via their roles as pollinators,herbivores,and prey for other trophic levels,varies geographically and will change with a mov-ing climate.Annual growth rate of oaks(an ecosystem service in the form of biomass increase and carbon se-questration)was independent of latitude and did not differ between protected and non-protected areas.Our findings question the efficacy of contemporary designation and management of protected oak forests,and em-phasize that development and implementation of modified climate smart conservation strategies is needed to safeguard ecosystem functioning,biodiversity,and recreational values of protected forest areas against future challenges.
Adriana Monteiro da CostaMaise Soares de MouraIsadora Fonseca NavarroVictor Cordeiro da Silva...
660-672页
查看更多>>摘要：Different global agendas have discussed the role of soils in mitigating and reducing global problems related to climate change,food security,biodiversity and erosion,among others.With this in mind,the aim was to draw up an overview of the main soil agendas in Europe and Brazil,analysing their impact on the establishment of legal frameworks for soil use and conservation.In Brazil,pastures are seen as an important alternative for converting degraded areas into ecosystem services.To this end,a literature review was carried out using databases on the Scopus,Web of Science,Science Direct and Scielo platforms,as well as consulting documents from the European Union Missions in Horizon Europe and Brazilian legislation on the subject.In a pilot river basin,the Potential for Conservation Use(PCU)method was applied,which is used in Brazil to assess the impacts of different uses on the natural capital of soils,serving as a metric to guide public soil conservation policies.It was concluded that,on the European scene,discussions on soils have taken place in an integrated and organised way,with actions to mobilise different players in society.In Brazil,even though there are important legal frameworks,actions are still restricted and disjointed,pointing to the need for progress in soil governance.In both scenarios,there is a need for scientifically validated metrics at regional scales that can contribute to a harmonised database capable of subsidising the development of efficient public policies to advance soil conservation at a global level.
查看更多>>摘要：Protected areas(PA)have proven to be one of the best ways to conserve biodiversity against environmental changes.Amphibians are considered the most threatened group,with habitat loss due to deforestation identified as their major threat.Here,we assessed for each PA of the American continent:1)amphibian's occurrence(Global Biodiversity Information Facility(GBIF)vs.International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)data);2)temperature velocity and estimated the climate residence time,and using the latest models of the land future use;3)we estimated the changes of natural vs.modified cover in three future scenarios.Amphibian occurrence showed differences between databases,while GBIF data shows that 52％of the amphibian species occurring in the continent are in PA,based on IUCN data,85％are protected.Results from climate change show a low pace of climate velocity during the last century that is maintained in the green scenario(SSP126).However,change in temperature increases in rate in the rest of the scenarios,with scenario SSP58 showing the highest velocity of temperature change.Future estimates of residence times in PA show that lower levels as emission scenarios tend to be higher.These results are worrisome since climate lag,specifically temperature increase over the PA will probably affect amphibian communities as shown in previous studies.Changes in climate patterns have a direct—mostly negative—impact on amphibians'ability to disperse and reproduce.The results of land use change were unexpected,since the categories showed minimal changes.However,the data on urbanization changes do not seem to be reflecting the trends of other databases,which may be causing artifacts in the comparisons in the future models of land use.Further research will be necessary to evaluate the extent of similarities and differences in future projections of land use including urbanization and human population between different databases.
万方数据