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地球科学学刊（英文版）
地球科学学刊（英文版）

王亨君

双月刊

1674-487X

ejournal@cug.edu.cn

027-67885075 67885076

430074

武汉市洪山区鲁磨路388号

地球科学学刊（英文版）/Journal Journal of Earth ScienceCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>本刊是教育部主管、中国地质大学主办的综合性地球科学学术理论刊物，是中国自然科学核心期刊，以反映我国地球科学领域最新的高水平的基础地质、应用地质、资源与环境地质及地学工程技术科研成果为主要任务，以促进国内外地学学术交流，繁荣我国地质教育、地质科技与地质找矿事业，为我国社会主义现代化建设服务为目的。读者对象为从事地质教育和科研工作的研究者以及大学生和研究生。
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    Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb and Hf Isotopes of Early Devonian Hardawu Granites in the Eastern Segment of the Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt, Northern Qaidam Basin

    Hua LiMing WangJiqing LiHaikui Tong...
    866-877页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Hardawu granites in the eastern segment of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt, the northern Qaidam Basin, were studied by whole-rock major and trace elements and in-situ zir-con U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes to discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution. Geochrono-logical results show that the granites have a crystallization age of 401 ± 3 Ma, suggesting that they were formed in the Early Devonian. The granites have SiO2 contents of 75.32 wt.％-76.05 wt.％, total alkali contents of 8.23 wt.％-8.36 wt.％, and K2O/Na2O ratios of 1.62-1.91. They were rich in K2O, poor in TiO2, MnO, MgO, and P2O5, and have A/CNK values of 1.05-1.07, Rittmann index δ values of 2.05-2.14, and differentiation index (DI) values of 92.85-94.18. They are high potassium calc-alkaline, weak-peraluminum, and highly differentiated I-type granites. The granites also show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) such as Rb, Ba, and Th, and depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. The total REE concentrations range from 169 ppm to 232 ppm, with en-richments of light rare earth elements and negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.39-0.55). The zircon εHf(t) values range from -0.65 to -2.29, and the two-stage model ages (tDM2) changed within a small range of 1.44 to 1.54 Ga, indicating that the magma of the Hardawu granites was originated from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crustal materials. Combined with previous studies, we suggest that the Hardawu granites were formed in the extensional tectonic setting after the collision between the Qa-idam Block and the central and southern Qilian Block in the Early Devonian.
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    Cooling History of Mesozoic Magmatism and Implications for Large-Scale Gold Mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: Constraints from T-t Paths Determined by U-Pb Thermochronology of Zircon and Apatite

    Guangyan ZhouMingchun SongLong LiYan Luo...
    878-889页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Mesozoic intrusions of the Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China, host giant gold depos-its. Understanding the genesis of these deposits requires the determination of the source of the parental auriferous fluid and the timing of gold mineralization, which are strongly influenced by the cooling/ uplift histories of the hosting intrusions. We performed an integrated U-Pb geochronology study on both zircon and apatite from four major magmatic episodes of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The zircon and apatite U-Pb ages are 156.9 ± 1.2 and 137.2 ± 2.4 Ma for the Linglong intrusion, 129.9 ± 1.0 and 125.0 ± 3.8 Ma for the Qujia intrusion, 119.5 ± 0.7 and 117.2 ± 1.8 Ma for the Liulinzhuang intrusion, 118.6 ± 1.0 and 111.6 ± 1.6 Ma for the Nansu intrusion, respectively. The coupled zircon and apatite data of these granitoids indicate a slow cooling rate (11.9 ℃/Ma) in the Late Jurassic, and rapid uplift and cooling (35.8-29.2 ℃/Ma) in the Early Cretaceous. The dramatically increased uplift and cooling peri-od in the Early Cretaceous are contemporaneous with large-scale gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula. This implies that thermal upwelling of asthenosphere and related tectonic extension played an important role in gold remobilization and precipitation.
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    Timing and Tectonic Setting of the Gaoaobei Tungsten-Molybdenum Deposit in Nanling Range, South China

    Jianfeng LiKemeng MaYouyue LuJianming Fu...
    890-904页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Gaoaobei tungsten-molybdenum deposit is a newly discovered large-scale quartz-vein-type deposit in the Nanling metallogenic belt in South China. The ore bodies are hosted in the In-dosinian granites and the Cambrian Xiangnan Group slates and are controlled by NWW-oriented faults, which are obviously different from the "five-story building" model in southern Jiangxi Province. The magmatic rocks in the study area are dominated by medium- to coarse-grained biotite monzogran-ite, with a few NW-oriented fine-grained granite dykes. The medium- to coarse-grained biotite monzo-granite and fine-grained granite dykes have zircon U-Pb ages of 229.4 ± 1. 9 Ma (MSWD = 1.5) and 164.9 ± 3.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.75), respectively, corresponding to the Indosinian and Yanshanian magma-tism. The monzogranites have higher contents of FeO, CaO, K2O, P2O5, and TiO2, while the granite dykes have slightly higher contents of SiO2, Al2O3, MnO, and Na2O. Their A/CNK values are 1.11-1.75 and 1.19-2.25, and the contents of CIPW normative corundum are 1.71％-6.66％ and 2.41％-9.50％, suggesting both the monzogranites and granite dykes are S-type granite. The total amount of rare earth elements in the monzogranites (from 84.7 ppm to 129 ppm) is slightly lower than that in the gran-ite dykes (from 128 ppm to 133 ppm). The Eu/Eu* values range from 0.12 to 0.30 in monzogranites and from 0.0011 to 0.0013 in granite dykes, indicating the fine-grained granites underwent more intense fractional crystallization. The monzogranite and granite dykes have high 87Sr/86Sri values of 0.7169-0.7193 and 0.72825-0.72880, low εNd(t) values ranging from -10.2 to -9.6 and from -11.5 to -11.4, and TDM2 ages of 1835-1785 and 1957-1946 Ma, respectively. These isotope data indicate their origin from the remelting of the Paleoproterozoic crustal materials. Combined with regional geology, it is conclud-ed that the medium- to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite was formed in a post-collisional extension-al environment. In addition, 40Ar-39Ar dating of the greisen type tungsten-molybdenum ore gave consis-tent plateau age of 164.0 ± 1.2 Ma, isochronal age of 162.0 ± 2.4 Ma and anti-isochronal age of 161.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Combined with the published molybdenite Re-Os age, the Gaoaobei tungsten-molybdenum de-posit was formed at ～164 Ma, which is inferred to be genetically related to the contemporaneous fine-grained granite dykes (165 Ma). The deposit was likely formed during the large-scale magmatism and mineralization event in the early Yanshanian of the Nanling Range in an intra-continental extensional environment caused by the subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate. The late and small granite dykes with-in the large granite plutons thus require further attention during mineral prospecting in the regions.
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    Seismogenic Structure of the 1605 Qiongshan M7? Earthquake and Its Holocene Activity History in Northern Hainan Island, China: Evidence from Cross-Section Drilling and Shallow Seismic Profile

    Chaoqun WangLiyun JiaDaogong HuShibiao Bai...
    905-917页
    查看更多>>摘要：The 1605 M7½ Earthquake is the only earthquake in the history of China that has caused large-scale land subsidence into the sea, with the total area of land subsidence exceeding 100 km2. The disaster has led to the sinking of 72 villages. There is still no clear understanding of the source seismogenic fault of this earthquake. In this work, we conducted a detailed study of the middle segment of the Maniao-Puqian fault (MPF), which is the epicenter area, through geomorphological survey, data collection, shallow seismic exploration, cross-section drilling, and chronological dating. The results showed that the middle segment of the MPF zone is composed of three nearly parallel normal faults with a dextral strike-slip:"Macun-Luodou fault (F2-1), Haixiu-Dongyuan fault (F2-2), and Changliu-Zhuxihe fault (F2-3)". And F2-2 is composed of two secondary faults, namely F2-2′ and F2-2″, with a flower-shaped structure buried under the ground. It is distributed nearly east-west, dipping to the north and has experienced at least five stages of activities since the Miocene. The vertical activity rates of F2-2′ and F2-2″ are ～2.32 and ～2.5 mm/a, since the Holocene, respectively. There were eight cycles of transgression and regression since the Miocene. The fault activity resulted in the thickening of the Holo-cene strata with a slight dip to the south, on the hanging wall, showing V-shaped characteristics. The MPF is likely the source seismogenic fault of the M7½ earthquake that hit Qiongshan in 1605.
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    In-situ Horizontal Extrusion Test of Herbaceous Root-Soil with Different Root Types

    Fangcui LiuShengwen QiShenglin QiXiaokun Hou...
    918-928页
    查看更多>>摘要：The influence of different types of roots on the soil is complex and still remains unclear. Four in-situ extrusion tests were conducted on two types of root systems, namely fibrous and tap root system, for three plants, Eleusine indica, Potentilla anserine, and Artemisia argyi, according to the classi-fication in Botany, and the thrust-displacement curves and failure patterns of different samples were analysed by comparison to fill the aforementioned gap. Results reveal that the roots can reduce the characteristics of soil brittleness and enhance its capability to resist large deformation, and different root types contribute different effects to the strain-hardening behavior of the root-soil mass. The contri-bution of the fibrous root system to strength is limited, whilst the tap root system substantially enhanc-es strength and stiffness. Results of failure patterns show that fibrous and tap root systems affect soil solidification and surface cracking reduction. However, the effect of the tap root system depends on the composition of lateral and tap roots: long and rich lateral roots are effective for resisting the creation of cracks, but thick tap roots with few and thin lateral roots may lead to several surface cracks.
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    Upper-Bound Limit Analysis of the Multi-Layer Slope Stability and Failure Mode Based on Generalized Horizontal Slice Method

    Huawei ZhangChangdong LiWenqiang ChenNi Xie...
    929-940页
    查看更多>>摘要：Multi-layer slopes are widely found in clay residue receiving fields. A generalized hori-zontal slice method (GHSM) for assessing the stability of multi-layer slopes that considers the energy dissipation between adjacent horizontal slices is presented. In view of the upper-bound limit analysis theory, the energy equation is derived and the ultimate failure mode is generated by comparing the slid-ing surface passing through the slope toe (mode A) with that below (mode B). In addition, the influence of the number of slices on the stability coefficients in the GHSM is studied and the stable value is ob-tained. Compared to the original method (Chen's method), the GHSM can acquire more precise re-sults, which takes into account the energy dissipation in the inner sliding soil mass. Moreover, the GHSM, limit equilibrium method (LEM) and numerical simulation method (NSM) are applied to ana-lyze the stability of a multi-layer slope with different slope angles and the results of the safety factor and failure mode are very close in each case. The ultimate failure modes are shown to be mode B when the slope angle is not more than 28°. It illustrates that the determination of the ultimate sliding surface requires comparison of multiple failure modes, not only mode A.
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    Insight into the Permeability and Microstructure Evolution Mechanism of the Sliding Zone Soil: A Case Study from the Huangtupo Landslide, Three Gorges Reservoir, China

    Qianyun WangHuiming TangPengju AnKun Fang...
    941-954页
    查看更多>>摘要：A large number of laboratory investigations related to the permeability have been con-ducted on the sliding zones. Yet little attention has been paid to the particular sliding zones of the slide-prone Badong Formation. Here, we experimentally investigate the permeability nature and the mecha-nism of seepage in the viscous sliding zone of the Huangtupo Landslide. Saturated seepage tests have been performed first with consideration of six dry densities and thirteen hydraulic gradients, in con-junction with the mercury intrusion porosimetry test and scanning electron microscopy test for the mi-crostructure analysis after seepage. The results show that seepage in the sliding zone soil does not fol-low Darcy's Law, since there is a threshold hydraulic gradient (i0) below which no flow is observed and a critical hydraulic gradient (icr) over which the hydraulic conductivity (K) tends to be stable. The per-centage of bound water could be responsible for the occurrence of i0 and icr. Furthermore, pore size dis-tributions (PSD) less than 0.6 µm and between 10 and 90 µm exhibit positive and negative correlations with the i0, respectively, indicating that the i0 is related to the PSD. The mechanism accounting for this result is that pore water pressure forces fine clay particles into the surrounding large pores and con-verts arranged particles to discretely distributed ones, thereby weakening the connectivity of pores. The seepages in the sliding zones behave differently from that in the sliding mass and sliding bed in re-sponse to the permeability.
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    Numerical Analysis of Surcharge Effect on Stability and Interaction Mechanism of Slope-Pile-Footing System

    Chao XuLei XueYuan CuiMengyang Zhai...
    955-969页
    查看更多>>摘要：To investigate the stability and interaction mechanism of the slope-pile-footing system un-der surcharge effects, the finite difference method (FDM) was adopted to analyze the response laws of the stability of the reinforced slope, evolution of the critical slip surface, stress characteristic of retain-ing structures, deformation and failure modes of the slope foundation and building footing under sur-charge parameters, including the surcharge intensity, the surcharge position, and the surcharge width. The results show that surcharge parameters significantly affect the stability and the deformation char-acteristics of the slope-pile-footing system. Specifically speaking, with the increasing surcharge intensi-ty and the decreasing surcharge position and width, the deformation and failure mode of the system will gradually evolve in a direction that is harmful to its stability. The interaction mechanism of the slope-pile-footing system is further clarified as the load transfer of the building footing, the generation of the additional stress in the slope foundation, and the adjustment of pile bending moment due to the stress redistribution. Correspondingly, the safety of anti-slide piles will determine the stability of the slope foundation and building footing. These findings are expected to provide guidance for the compre-hensive development and utilization of filled slopes after reinforcement.
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    3-D Tunnel Seismic Advance Prediction Method with Wide Illumination and High-Precision

    Peng GuanCuifa ShaoYuyong JiaoGuohua Zhang...
    970-979页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tunnel seismic advance prediction can effectively reduce the construction risk during tunnel excavation. Compared with the 2-D method, the 3-D method is more conducive to describing the spatial characteristics of the geological body by adding the seismic data in the vertical direction. How-ever, some drawbacks still need improvement in the current 3-D tunnel seismic prediction method. (1) The geometry is complex, which is destructiveness, high cost, and time-consuming, and will delay the tunnel construction schedule. (2) Illumination of the anomalous body is insufficient, and the precision of migration imaging is low. (3) Shot points are far away from the tunnel face, the energy loss at the shot points is more serious. (4) The received signals at the tunnel wall have the surface wave with strong energy when the shot points are placed on the tunnel wall. (5) The geometry is not linear, so the directional filtering method cannot be used to extract the reflection wave. To overcome the drawbacks of the current prediction method, a new 3-D symmetrical tunnel seismic prediction method is proposed. Six geophones are installed on the tunnel wall, two on the left side, two on the right side, and two on the top side. Twenty-four shot points are placed on the tunnel face and near both sides of the tunnel wall, twelve shot points on the left side and twelve shot points on the right side. The shot points will move along with the forward excavation of the tunnel. The wavefield analysis, illumination statistics, and 3-D reverse time migration imaging are used to evaluate the proposed method. The result of modeled data indicates that the proposed 3-D geometry has some advantages: (1) the geometry is simple and the geo-phone installation time is short; (2) it has high illumination energy, wide illumination range, and can improve the prediction distance and imaging accuracy; (3) the proposed 3-D method can better esti-mate the velocity of surrounding rock and is more conducive to extracting the reflection wave with high resolution.
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    Development and Deformation Characteristics of Large Ancient Landslides in the Intensely Hazardous Xiongba-Sela Section of the Jinsha River, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

    Yiqiu YanChangbao GuoYanan ZhangZhendong Qiu...
    980-997页
    查看更多>>摘要：The upstream Jinsha River, located in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, has been experienc-ing intense geological hazards characterized by a high density of ancient landslides, significant defor-mation and reactivation challenges. In this study, remote sensing interpretation, field investigations, and Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technologies have been employed. Along a 17 km stretch of the Jinsha River, specifically in the Xiongba-Sela segment, 16 large-scale ancient landslides were identified, 9 of which are currently undergoing creeping deforma-tion. Notably, the Sela and Xiongba ancient landslides exhibit significant deformation, with a maxi-mum deformation rate of -192 mm/yr, indicating a high level of sliding activity. The volume of the Sela ancient landslide is estimated to be 1.8 × 108 to 4.5 × 108 m3, and characterized by extensive fissures and long-term creeping deformation. The SBAS-InSAR results revealed significant spatial variations in the deformation of the Sela ancient landslide, generally displaying two secondary zones of intense deforma-tion, and landslide deformation exhibits nonlinear behavior with time. Between January 2016 and Feb-ruary 2022, Zone Ⅲ1 on the southwest side of the Sela ancient landslide, experienced a maximum cu-mulative deformation of -857 mm, with a maximum deformation rate of -108 mm/yr. Zone Ⅲ2, on the northeast side of the Sela ancient landslide, the maximum cumulative deformation was -456 mm, with a maximum deformation rate of -74 mm/yr; among these, the H2 and H4 secondary bodies on the south side of Ⅲ1 are in the accelerative deformation stage and at the Warn warning level. We propose that the large-scale flood and debris flow disasters triggered by the Baige landslide-dammed lake-dam bro-ken disaster chain in Tibetan Plateau during October and November 2018 caused severe erosion at the foot of downstream slopes. This far-field triggering effect accelerated the creep of the downstream an-cient landslides. Consequently, the deformation rate of Zone Ⅲ2 of the Sela ancient landslide increased by 6 to 8 times, exhibiting traction-type style reactivation. This heightened activity raises concerns about the potential for large-scale or overall reactivation of the landslide, posing a risk of damming the Jinsha River and initiating a dam-break disaster chain. Our research on the reactivation characteris-tics and mechanisms of large ancient landslides in high deep-cut valleys provides valuable guidance for geological hazard investigation and risk prevention.
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