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地学前缘(英文版)
地学前缘(英文版)

莫宣学

双月刊

1674-9871

geofrontier@cugb.edu.cn

010-82322283,82321855

100083

北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学（北京）期刊中心

地学前缘(英文版)/Journal GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERSCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS (GSF) is a quarterly journal that publishes in English significant original research articles and high quality reviews of recent advances in all fields of Earth Sciences — including stratigraphy and paleontology, mineralogy and petrology, economic geology and minerals and fuel exploration, structural geology, lithospheric tectonics, environmental and engineering geology, hydrogeology, astrogeology, marine geology, and geophysics and geochemistry. Technical papers, case histories, reviews, and discussions are welcomed.
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    Artificial Intelligence:A new era for spatial modelling and interpreting climate-induced hazard assessment

    Abhirup DikshitBiswajeet PradhanSahar S.MatinGhassan Beydoun...
    1-13页
    查看更多>>摘要：The application of Artificial Intelligence in various fields has witnessed tremendous progress in the recent years.The field of geosciences and natural hazard modelling has also benefitted immensely from the introduction of novel algorithms,the availability of large quantities of data,and the increase in compu-tational capacity.The enhancement in algorithms can be largely attributed to the elevated complexity of the network architecture and the heightened level of abstraction found in the network's later layers.As a result,AI models lack transparency and accountability,often being dubbed as"black box"models.Explainable AI(XAI)is emerging as a solution to make AI models more transparent,especially in domains where transparency is essential.Much discussion surrounds the use of XAI for diverse purposes,as researchers explore its applications across various domains.With the growing body of research papers on XAI case studies,it has become increasingly important to address existing gaps in the literature.The current literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities,limitations,and practical implications of XAI.This study provides a comprehensive overview of what constitutes XAI,how it is being used and potential applications in hydrometeorological natural hazards.It aims to serve as a useful reference for researchers,practitioners,and stakeholders who are currently using or intending to adopt XAI,thereby contributing to the advancements for wider acceptance of XAI in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    On the use of explainable AI for susceptibility modeling:Examining the spatial pattern of SHAP values

    Nan WangHongyan ZhangAshok DahalWeiming Cheng...
    15-28页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hydro-morphological processes(HMP,any natural phenomenon contained within the spectrum defined between debris flows and flash floods)are globally occurring natural hazards which pose great threats to our society,leading to fatalities and economical losses.For this reason,understanding the dynamics behind HMPs is needed to aid in hazard and risk assessment.In this work,we take advantage of an explainable deep learning model to extract global and local interpretations of the HMP occurrences across the whole Chinese territory.We use a deep neural network architecture and interpret the model results through the spatial pattern of SHAP values.In doing so,we can understand the model prediction on a hierarchical basis,looking at how the predictor set controls the overall susceptibility as well as doing the same at the level of the single mapping unit.Our model accurately predicts HMP occurrences with AUC values measured in a ten-fold cross-validation ranging between 0.83 and 0.86.This level of predic-tive performance attests for an excellent prediction skill.The main difference with respect to traditional statistical tools is that the latter usually lead to a clear interpretation at the expense of high performance,which is otherwise reached via machine/deep learning solutions,though at the expense of interpretation.The recent development of explainable Al is the key to combine both strengths.In this work,we explore this combination in the context of HMP susceptibility modeling.Specifically,we demonstrate the extent to which one can enter a new level of data-driven interpretation,supporting the decision-making process behind disaster risk mitigation and prevention actions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    A novel method for quantitatively identifying driving forces and evaluating their contributions to oil and gas accumulation

    Bo PangXiongqi PangCaijun LiZhangxing Chen...
    29-41页
    查看更多>>摘要：Different driving forces govern the formation of distinct types of oil and gas accumulation and yield diverse oil and gas distributions.Complex oil and gas reservoirs in basins are commonly formed by the combination of multiple forces.It is very difficult but essential to identify driving forces and evaluate their contributions in predicting the type and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs.In this study,a novel method is proposed to identify driving forces and evaluate their contribution based on the critical con-ditions of porosity and permeability corresponding to buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth(BHAD).The application of this method to the Nanpu Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin shows that all oil and gas accumulations in the reservoirs are jointly formed by four driving forces:buoyance(Ⅰ),non-buoyance(Ⅱ),tectonic stress(Ⅲ1)and geofluid activity(Ⅲ2).Their contributions to all proven reserves are approxi-mately 63.8％,16.2％,2.9％,and 17.0％,respectively.The contribution of the driving forces is related to the depth,distance to faults and unconformity surfaces.Buoyancy dominates the formation of conven-tional reservoirs above BHAD,non-buoyant dominate the formation of unconventional reservoirs below BHAD,tectonic stress dominates the formation of fractured reservoirs within 300 m of a fault,and geoflu-ids activity dominates the formation of vuggy reservoirs within 100 m of an unconformity surface.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision:Insights from volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of the Tannuola terrane(northern Central Asian Orogenic Belt)

    E.V.VetrovN.I.Vetrova
    43-62页
    查看更多>>摘要：Magmatism associated with oceanic subduction plays a dominant role in crustal growth during the Earth's evolution.The Tannuola terrane,situated in the northern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),is a key area to understanding oceanic subduction and initial collision processes in the northern CAOB.In order to investigate the switch from subduction to collision settings,detailed field mapping,zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronological and whole-rock geochemical studies of volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks from the Tannuola terrane were carried out.Zircon U-Pb ages indicate multi-stage volcanism lasted at least 30 Ma from～540 to～510 Ma,that can be divided into three events:the late Ediacaran(before～540 Ma),the early Cambrian(～520 Ma)and the middle Cambrian(～510 Ma).These ages are inter-preted to the initial,main and final stages of oceanic subduction during the late Proterozoic-early Paleozoic.During the late Ediacaran,tholeiitic basalts with high εNd(t)values(from+7.4 to+8.5)were emplaced.Likely forming by the 10％-30％partial melting of spinel-garnet mantle source during slab subduction.During the early Cambrian,transitional from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basaltic rocks withεNd(t)value(+5.6)and coeval intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks with similar εNd(t)values(+5.9 and+6.5)formed.The early Cambrian basaltic rocks are interpreted to be derived by 10％-30％partial melt-ing of a depleted mantle source metasomatized by slab-derived fluids released from the subducting ocea-nic slab.The middle Cambrian calc-alkaline basaltic rocks with εNd(t)value of+6.2 might be emplaced as a result of low(5％-10％)degree partial melting of a metasomatized mantle followed by fractional crys-tallization of clinopyroxene and plagioclase.Associated intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks with εNd(t)values from+6.0 to+6.8 were formed through fractionation of the juvenile Neoproterozoic sources.The middle Cambrian volcanism is interpreted to be triggered by the slab break-off during the transition to a collisional setting.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Unmixing detrital zircon U-Pb ages reveals tectonic and climatic depositional influences on the Carboniferous Ansilta Formation,Calingasta-Uspallata Basin,Western Argentina

    J.R.MaloneJ.E.MaloneJ.L.IsbellD.H.Malone...
    63-79页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Late Paleozoic Ice Age(LPIA)was a principal control of sedimentation across Gondwana from the late Devonian through early Permian.We assess the hypothesis that glacial to interglacial transitions in west-ern Argentina were the primary control influencing sediment routing patterns among the various Carboniferous-Permian basins in western Argentina.The Carboniferous Ansilta Formation consists of gla-ciomarine,nearshore,and fluvial systems deposited during the LPIA along the eastern margin of the Calingasta-Uspallata Basin in Argentina.The lower,glacially influenced succession of the Ansilta Formation records at least five glacial advances;the upper succession of consists of progradational shal-low marine,deltaic,and fluvial strata.We combine 1225 new U-Pb zircon ages from six samples of the Carboniferous Ansilta Formation in the Calingasta-Uspallata Basin with 5864 U-Pb ages from 147 pub-lished samples in the detritalPy-mix forward mixture model to characterize provenance shifts.For the gla-cially influenced lower Ansilta Formation,sediment was derived locally from the Protoprecordillera,which was a prominent highland with alpine glaciers flowing west and east into the Calingasta-Uspallata and Paganzo basins,respectively.Thus,there was little or no connection between these two basins during Serpukhovian-Bashkirian glaciation.The fluvial/deltaic upper Ansilta had distal sediment sources in the Sierras Pampeanas.Furthermore,our results support the collapse of the Protoprecordillera topographic barrier,enabling drainage patterns connecting the Paganzo and Calingasta-Uspallata basins by late Pennsylvanian-early Permian time.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Enhancing landslide susceptibility mapping incorporating landslide typology via stacking ensemble machine learning in Three Gorges Reservoir,China

    Lanbing YuYang WangBiswajeet Pradhan
    81-99页
    查看更多>>摘要：Different types of landslides exhibit distinct relationships with environmental conditioning factors.Therefore,in regions where multiple types of landslides coexist,it is required to separate landslide types for landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM).In this paper,a landslide-prone area located in Chongqing Province within the middle and upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir area(TGRA),China,was selected as the study area.733 landslides were classified into three types:reservoir-affected landslides,non-reservoir-affected landslides,and rockfalls.Four landslide inventory datasets and 15 landslide con-ditional factors were trained by three Machine Learning models(logistic regression,random forest,sup-port vector machine),and a Deep Learning(DL)model.After comparing the models using receiver operating characteristics(ROC),the landslide susceptibility indexes of three types landslides were acquired by the best performing model.These indexes were then used as input to generate the final map based on the Stacking method.The results revealed that DL model showed the best performance in LSM without considering landslide types,achieving an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.854 for testing and 0.922 for training.Moreover,when we separated the landslide types for LSM,the AUC improved by 0.026 for testing and 0.044 for training.Thus,this paper demonstrates that considering different landslide types in LSM can significantly improve the quality of landslide susceptibility maps.These maps in turn,can be valuable tools for evaluating and mitigating landslide hazards.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Breakup of the Neoarchean supercontinent Kenorland:Evidence from zircon and baddeleyite U-Pb ages of LIP-related mafic dykes in the Coorg Block,southern India

    Cheng-Xue YangM.SantoshJarred LloydStijn Glorie...
    101-118页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Coorg Block in southern Peninsular India is one of the oldest crustal blocks on Earth that preserves the evidence for continental crust formation during the Paleo-Mesoarchean through subduction-related arc magmatism,followed by granulite facies metamorphism in the Mesoarchean.In this study,we report for the first time,the'bar codes'of a major Paleoproterozoic Large Igneous Province in the Coorg Block through the finding of mafic dyke swarms.The gabbroic dykes from the Coorg Block,dom-inantly composed of plagioclase-pyroxene assemblage,show a restricted range in SiO2 values of 50.04-51.27 wt.％,and exhibit a sub-alkaline tholeiitic nature.These rocks show relatively flat LREE and constant HREE patterns and lack obvious Eu anomalies.Trace element modeling suggests that the dyke swarm was fed from a melt that originated at a shallow mantle level in the spinel stability field.Zircon grains are rare in the gabbro samples and those separated from two samples yielded 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean dates of 2214±12 Ma and 2221±7 Ma.The grains show magmatic features with depleted LREE and enriched HREE and positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies.Baddeleyite grains were dated from five gabbro samples which yielded 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean ages ranging between 2217±7 Ma and 2228±10 Ma.The combined data show a clear age peak at ca.2.2 Ga.The mafic dykes in the Coorg Block show geochemical similarities with ca.2.2 Ga mafic dyke swarms in different regions of the Dharwar and other cratons in Peninsular India and elsewhere on the globe.The data also support the inference that the global mafic magmatism at ca.2.2 Ga was linked with intracontinental rifting of the Archean cratons through mantle upwelling or plume activity.We correlate the mafic dyke swarms in the Coorg Block with attempted rift-ing of the Neoarchean supercontinent Kenorland.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Tracking δ13C and δ18O fluctuations uncovers stable modes and key patterns of paleoclimate

    Shifeng SunHaiying WangYongjian Huang
    119-137页
    查看更多>>摘要：The examination of fluctuations in the correlations between δ13C and δ18O is of significant importance for the reconstruction of the Earth's climate history.A key challenge in paleoclimatology is finding a suitable method to represent the correlated fluctuation system between δ13C and δ18O.The method must be able to handle data sets with missing or inaccurate values,while still retaining the full range of dynamic infor-mation about the system.The non-linear and complex correlations between δ13C and δ18O poses a chal-lenge in developing reliable and interpretable approaches.The transition network,which involves embedding the δ13C and δ18O sequence into the network using phase space reconstruction,is a coarse-grained based approach.This approach is well-suited to nonlinear,complex dynamic systems,and is par-ticularly adept at emerging knowledge from low-quality datasets.We have effectively represented the fluctuations in the correlation between δ13C and δ18O since 66 million years ago(Ma)using a system of complex network.This system,which has topological dynamical structures,is able to uncover the stable modes and key patterns in Cenozoic climate dynamics.Our findings could help to improve climate models and predictions of future climate change.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Refining aquifer heterogeneity and understanding groundwater recharge sources in an intensively exploited agrarian dominated region of the Ganga Plain

    Abhinav PatelShive Prakash RaiNijesh PuthiyottilAbhinesh Kumar Singh...
    139-152页
    查看更多>>摘要：Densely populated region of Ganga Plain is facing aquifer vulnerability through waterborne pollutants and groundwater stress due to indiscriminate abstraction,causing environmental and socio-economic instabilities.To address long-term groundwater resilience,it is crucial to understand aquifer heterogene-ity and connectivity,groundwater recharge sources,effects of groundwater abstraction etc.In this con-text,present study aims to understand factors responsible for vertical and spatial variability of groundwater chemistry and to identify groundwater recharge sources in an intensively exploited agrar-ian region of the Ganga Plain.Interpretation of chemometric,statistical,and isotopic analysis categorises the alluvial aquifer into zone 1(G1;ground surface to 100 m)and zone 2(G2;＞100 m-210 m).The group G1 samples are char-acterized by a wide variation in hydrochemical species,noted with pockets of F-and NO3-rich groundwa-ter,and fresh to more evolved water types,while group G2 groundwater is characterized by a sharp increase in freshwater types and limited variation in their isotopic and hydrochemical species.The G1 groundwater chemistry is governed by soil mineralogy,local anthropogenic inputs(SO42-,Cl-,and NO3-),and manifested by multiple recharge sources(local precipitation,river,canal water,pond).The G2 group is dominated by geogenic processes and mainly recharged by the local precipitation.Geospatial signatures confirm more evolved water type for group G1 in northwestern region,while fresh-water type covers the rest of the study area.Fluoride rich groundwater is attributed to sodic water under alkaline conditions and enriched δ18O values emphasizing role of evaporation in F-mobilization from micas and amphiboles abundant in the soil.The findings provide insight into potential groundwater vul-nerability towards inorganic contaminants,and ground water recharge sources.The outcome of this study will help to develop aquifer resilience towards indiscriminate groundwater extraction for agricultural practices and aim towards sustainable management strategies in a similar hydrogeological setting.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
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    A shift in redox conditions near the Ediacaran/Cambrian transition and its possible influence on early animal evolution,Corumbá Group,Brazil

    Fabricio A.CaxitoErik SperlingGabriella FazioRodrigo Rodrigues Adorno...
    153-163页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition witnessed some of the most important biological,tectonic,climatic and geochemical changes in Earth's history.Of utmost importance for early animal evolution is the likely shift in redox conditions of bottom waters,which might have taken place in distinct pulses during the late Ediacaran and early Paleozoic.To track redox changes during this transition,we present new trace element,total organic carbon and both inorganic and organic carbon isotopes,and the first iron specia-tion data on the Tamengo and Guaicurus formations of the Corumbá Group in western Brazil,which record important paleobiological changes between 555 Ma to<541 Ma.The stratigraphically older Tamengo Formation is composed mainly of limestone with interbedded marls and mudrocks,and bears fragments of upper Ediacaran biomineralized fossils such as Cloudina lucianoi and Corumbella werneri.The younger Guaicurus Formation represents a regional transgression of the shallow carbonate platform and is composed of a homogeneous fine-grained siliciclastic succession,bearing meiofaunal bilateral burrows.The new iron speciation data reveal predominantly anoxic and ferruginous(non-sulfidic)bottom water conditions during deposition of the Tamengo Formation,with FeHR/FeT around 0.8 and FePy/FeHR below 0.7.The transition from the Tamengo to the Guaicurus Formation is marked by a stratigraphically rapid drop in FeHR/FeT to below 0.2,recording a shift to likely oxic bottom waters,which persist upsection.Redox-sensitive element(RSE)concentrations are muted in both formations,but consistent with non-sulfidic bottom water conditions throughout.We interpret the collected data to reflect a transition between two distinct paleoenvironmental settings.The Tamengo Formation represents an environment with anoxic bottom waters,with fragments of biomineralized organisms that lived on shallower,proba-bly mildly oxygenated surficial waters,and that were then transported down-slope.Similar to coeval suc-cessions(e.g.,the Nama Group in Namibia),our data support the hypothesis that late Ediacaran biomineralized organisms lived in a thin oxygenated surface layer above a relatively shallow chemocline.The Guaicurus Formation,on the other hand,records the expansion of oxic conditions to deeper waters during a sea level rise.Although the relationship between global biogeochemical changes and the activ-ities of early bioturbators remains complex,these results demonstrate an unequivocal synchronous rela-tionship between oxygenation of the Corumbá basin and the local appearance of meiofaunal bioturbators.
      原文链接:
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    • NSTL
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