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地学前缘(英文版)
地学前缘(英文版)

莫宣学

双月刊

1674-9871

geofrontier@cugb.edu.cn

010-82322283,82321855

100083

北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学（北京）期刊中心

地学前缘(英文版)/Journal GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERSCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS (GSF) is a quarterly journal that publishes in English significant original research articles and high quality reviews of recent advances in all fields of Earth Sciences — including stratigraphy and paleontology, mineralogy and petrology, economic geology and minerals and fuel exploration, structural geology, lithospheric tectonics, environmental and engineering geology, hydrogeology, astrogeology, marine geology, and geophysics and geochemistry. Technical papers, case histories, reviews, and discussions are welcomed.
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    Carbon compensation and carbon neutrality:Regional variations based on net carbon transfer of trade in China

    Xue HanXincai GaoFayyaz AhmadAbbas Ali Chandio...
    165-181页
    查看更多>>摘要：Inter-provincial carbon compensation is an important means for a country to realize regional environ-mental protection and achieve coordinated regional development and realize the carbon neutral goal.It is easier to realize inter-provincial carbon compensation compared with the national level.Based on the multi-regional input-output model and the input-output data of 30 provinces in China,this study measured the carbon transfer in,carbon transfer out and net carbon transfer of each province,and based on the undesirable slacks-based measurement model under the common frontier,the provinces were given the shadow price of carbon emission in line with the situation of the local economic development,resource endowment,and industrial structure,and based on which,the amount of carbon compensation of each province was measured.The results show that:China's provinces and regions have a larger share of trade-implied carbon emissions;the net carbon transfer in areas mainly concentrated in the traditional energy provinces,which provide industrial products for other regions and undertake the transfer of car-bon emissions,and become the main carbon compensation recipient areas;the net carbon transfer out is mainly concentrated in the economically developed and densely populated areas such as Beijing-Tianjin region and the eastern and southern coasts,which satisfy the end-consumption by purchasing a large number of industrial products and generate a large amount of carbon emissions.Transfer out;becoming the main carbon offset payment area.Based on the results of this study,it is proposed to improve the national provincial carbon offset mechanism and implement a differentiated and synergistic carbon emission reduction cooperation approach.The research program of this study can provide a reference for the development of inter-regional carbon offset programs.
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    Age and fluid source constraints of the Haoyaoerhudong orogenic gold deposit,North China:Evidence from geochronology and noble gas isotopes

    Chenglong FanJingwen MaoHuishou YeYitian Wang...
    183-202页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Haoyaoerhudong gold deposit,located in the northwestern part of the North China craton(NCC),has produced over 120 metric tonnes(t)of gold since 2007.It has a total reserve of＞240 t at average gold grade of 0.62 g/t,making it one of the largest open pit gold mines in China.The steeply dipping,large-tonnage,low-grade,vein-or veinlet-type gold orebodies are hosted in strongly-deformed Mesoproterozoic carbonaceous schist of the Bayan Obo Group.The laminated/boudinaged veins/veinlets in the sinistral ductile-brittle shear zones are dominated by quartz,biotite,gold-bearing löllingite,pyr-rhotite,(arseno)pyrite,with minor native gold,titanite and xenotime.In this paper,we present new in situ U-Pb geochronological data on magmatic zircon from the pre-ore dikes,on metamorphic and hydrothermal xenotime,and on hydrothermal titanite from the hydrothermally altered carbonaceous schist and auriferous quartz-sulfides veins/veinlets,as well as He-Ar isotopic analysis on gold-bearing(arseno)pyrite in the syn-ore stage.The metamorphic xenotime U-Pb age of 426±6.0 Ma(2σ)records a regional metamorphic event,possibly related to the accretion of the Bainaimiao arc onto the NCC.Two pre-ore andesitic dikes yielded similar emplacement ages at～278 Ma constrained by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb zircon data.Hydrothermal xenotime grains from the altered carbonaceous schist and auriferous quartz-sulfides veins yielded U-Pb ages of 256.0±4.1 Ma(2σ)and 254.4±2.1 Ma(2σ),respectively,overlapping with that of the hydrothermal titanite at 255.4±0.8 Ma(2σ)from the laminated quartz-sulfides veinlets.This indicates that the gold mineralization occurred at ca.255 Ma.The～255 Ma gold mineralization age is much younger than the previously reported Early-Middle Permian regional magmatic activity(ca.291 Ma to 268 Ma),and may be associated with the regional sinistral strike-slip event in the late orogenic cycle related to the collision between the Siberian craton and the NCC.The 3He/4He(R/Ra)and 40Ar/36Ar values of the gold-bearing(arseno)pyrite are 0.04 to 0.09(average=0.07)and 375.8 to 2023(average=1045),which reveal the ore-forming fluids dominantly originated from the crustal rocks,with limited involve-ment from the mantle.Collectively,our new geochronological data,noble gas isotopic analyses,and geo-logical evidence support a typical orogenic gold deposit model at Haoyaoerhudong.
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    Improving pixel-based regional landslide susceptibility mapping

    Xin WeiPaolo GardoniLulu ZhangLin Tan...
    203-223页
    查看更多>>摘要：Regional landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM)is essential for risk mitigation.While deep learning algo-rithms are increasingly used in LSM,their extensive parameters and scarce labels(limited landslide records)pose training challenges.In contrast,classical statistical algorithms,with typically fewer param-eters,are less likely to overfit,easier to train,and offer greater interpretability.Additionally,integrating physics-based and data-driven approaches can potentially improve LSM.This paper makes several con-tributions to enhance the practicality,interpretability,and cross-regional generalization ability of regio-nal LSM models:(1)Two new hybrid models,composed of data-driven and physics-based modules,are proposed and compared.Hybrid Model Ⅰ combines the infinite slope stability analysis(ISSA)with logistic regression,a classical statistical algorithm.Hybrid Model Ⅱ integrates ISSA with a convolutional neural network,a representative of deep learning techniques.The physics-based module constructs a new explanatory factor with higher nonlinearity and reduces prediction uncertainty caused by incomplete landslide inventory by pre-selecting non-landslide samples.The data-driven module captures the rela-tion between explanatory factors and landslide inventory.(2)A step-wise deletion process is proposed to assess the importance of explanatory factors and identify the minimum necessary factors required to maintain satisfactory model performance.(3)Single-pixel and local-area samples are compared to understand the effect of pixel spatial neighborhood.(4)The impact of nonlinearity in data-driven algo-rithms on hybrid model performance is explored.Typical landslide-prone regions in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China,are used as the study area.The results show that,in the testing region,by using local-area samples to account for pixel spatial neighborhoods,Hybrid Model Ⅰ achieves roughly a 4.2％increase in the AUC.Furthermore,models with 30 m resolution land-cover data surpass those using 1000 m resolution data,showing a 5.5％improvement in AUC.The optimal set of explanatory factors includes elevation,land-cover type,and safety factor.These findings reveal the key elements to enhance regional LSM,offering valuable insights for LSM practices.
      原文链接:
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    Quantifying the age peaks,age ranges and weights of detrital ages based on the EM algorithm

    Jintao Kong
    225-237页
    查看更多>>摘要：Detrital geochronology fundamentally involves the quantification of major age ranges and their weights winthin an age distribution.This study presents a streamlined approach,modeling the age distribution of detrital zircons using a normal mixture model,and employs the Expectation-Maximization(EM)algo-rithm for precise estimations.A method is introduced to automatically select appropriate initial mean values for EM algorithm,enhancing its efficacy in detrital geochronology.This process entails multiple trials with varying numbers of age components leading to diverse k-component models.The model with the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)is identified as the most suitable.For accurate component number and weight determination,a substantial sample size(n＞200)is advisable.Our findings based on both synthetic and empirical datasets confirm that the normal mixture model,refined by the EM algorithm,reliably identifies key age parameters with minimal error.As a kind of prob-ability density estimator,the normal mixture model offers a novel visualization tool for detrital data and an alternative foundation for KDE in calculating existing similarity metrics.Another focus of this study is the critical examination of quantitative metrics for comparing detrital zircon age patterns.Through a case study,this study demonstrates that metrics based on empirical cumulative probability distribution(such as K-S and Kuiper statistics)may lead to erroneous conclusions.The employment of the Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence,a metric grounded in probability density estimation,is proposed.Reference critical val-ues,simulated via the Monte Carlo method,provide more objective benchmarks for these quantitative metrics.All methodologies discussed are encapsulated in a series of MATLAB scripts,available as open-source code and a standalone application,facilitating wider adoption and application in the field.
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    Intramolecular carbon isotope of propane from coal-derived gas reservoirs of sedimentary basins:Implications for source,generation and post-generation of hydrocarbons

    Xiaofeng WangPeng LiuWenhui LiuChangjie Liu...
    239-253页
    查看更多>>摘要：An intramolecular isotopic study was conducted on natural gases collected from coal-derived gas reser-voirs in sedimentary basins of China to determine their position-specific isotope distributions.The pro-pane from the Turpan-Hami Basin exhibited negative Δc-T(δ13Ccentral-δ13Cterminal)values ranging from-3.9‰ to-0.3‰,with an average of-2.1‰.Propane from the Ordos Basin,Sichuan Basin,and Tarim Basin showed positive ΔC-T values,with averages of 1.3‰,5.4‰ and 7.6‰,respectively.Position-specific carbon isotope compositions reveal the precursors and the propane generation pathways in the petroliferous basins.Propane formed from the thermal cracking of Type Ⅲ kerogen has largerδ13Ccentral and δ13Cterminal values than propane from Type Ⅰ/Ⅱ kerogen.The precursor for natural gases col-lected in this study is identified to be Type Ⅲ kerogen.Comparing our data to calculated results for ther-mal cracking of Type Ⅲ kerogen,we found that propane from the low-maturity gas reservoir in the Turpan Basin was generated via the i-propyl radical pathway,whereas propane from the Sulige tight gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin was formed via the n-propyl radical pathway.δ13Cterminal values covered a narrow range across basins,in contrast to δ13Ccentral.The terminal carbon position in propane is less impacted by microbial oxidation and more relevant to maturity levels and precursors.Thus,δ13Cterminal has a good potential to infer the origin and maturity level of natural gas.In examining post-generation processes,we proposed an improved identification strategy for microbial oxidation of natural gases,based on the position-specific carbon isotope distributions of propane.Samples from the Liaohe Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin and the Sichuan Basin were detected of post-generation microbial oxi-dation.Overall,position-specific carbon isotope composition of propane provides new insights into the generation mechanism and post-generation processes of natural gas in the geological period at the atomic level.
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    A new tectonic model for the Itmurundy Zone,central Kazakhstan:linking ocean plate stratigraphy,timing of accretion and subduction polarity

    Inna SafonovaIlya SavinskiyAlina PerfilovaOlga Obut...
    255-283页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Itmurundy Zone of Central Kazakhstan is a key structure in the core of the Kazakh Orocline represent-ing a typical Pacific-type orogenic belt hosting accretionary complex,ophiolite massifs and serpentinite mélange.The main controversies in the existing tectonic models of the Itmurundy Zone are about the timing of subduction and accretion,the direction and kinematics of subduction and the number of ocea-nic plates.A new model for the early Paleozoic tectonic story of the Itmurundy Zone is postulated in this paper,based on new detailed geological and U-Pb detrital zircon age data,combined with previously documented geological,U-Pb age,microfossil,geochemical and isotope data from igneous rocks,deep-sea sediments and greywacke sandstones.The present study employs the Ocean Plate Stratigraphy(OPS)model to explain the tectonic processes involved in the evolution of the Itmurundy Zone and to pre-sent a holistic story of Ordovician oceanic plate(s),which accretion formed an accretionary complex.The detailed mapping allows distinguishing three types of OPS assemblages:(1)Chert-dominated,(2)OIB-hosting,and(3)MORB-hosting.The U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from sandstones of OIB and Chert types show unimodal distributions with similar main peaks of magmatism at 460-455 Ma in the provenance,and their maximum depositional ages(MDA)span 455-433 Ma.Two samples from OPS Type 3 show the peaks of magmatism both at ca.460 Ma and the MDA of 452 Ma and 459 Ma,respectively.The MDA of sandstones and microfossils data from chert show the younging of strata to the south and SE in Types 1 and 2 and to NEE for Type 3(in present coordinates)suggesting double-sided subduction to the NNW and SEE and,accordingly,the co-existence of pieces of two oceanic plates in Ordovician time.The U-Pb zircon data from both igneous and clastic rocks indicate a period of subduction erosion in early Ordovician time.As a whole,the accreted OPS units of the Itmurundy Zone record the timing of subduction and accretion from the early Ordovician to the early Silurian,i.e.,60 Ma at shortest.
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    Late Jurassic oceanic plateau subduction in the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean of northern Tibet

    Hao WuHaiyong LiuYu WangXijun Liu...
    285-300页
    查看更多>>摘要：Oceanic plateau accretion and subsequent flat-slab subduction in modern convergent settings have pro-foundly influenced the nature of subduction and mantle dynamics.However,evaluating similar impacts in ancient convergent settings,where oceanic plateaus have been subducted but geological records are limited,remains challenging.In this study,we present geochronological and geochemical data for a suite of ore-associated plutonic rocks from the Gaobaoyue area of northern Tibet.These rocks have zircon U-Pb ages of 152-146 Ma,with high Sr contents and Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios,low MgO,Yb,and Y contents,and depleted Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions,consistent with an adakitic affinity that was generated by the partial melting of subducting oceanic crust.We compare the Late Jurassic adakitic magmatism with the spatiotemporal evolution of magmatism in northern Tibet to infer oceanic plateau subduction and sub-sequent flat-slab subduction in the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean.This tectonic model explains(ⅰ)slab-derived adakitic magmatism,(ⅱ)the observed lull in magmatic activity,(ⅲ)intraplate compression and uplift,and(ⅳ)subduction jump and initiation.We also propose that the subduction of heteroge-neous oceanic crust(i.e.,buoyant oceanic plateau subduction)provided favorable conditions for tectonic exhumation,vertical slab tearing,and the formation of Cu-Au deposits.Our findings not only have impli-cations for establishing the fundamental process of oceanic plateau accretion in ancient subduction zones but also provide an alternative explanation for Late Jurassic complex tectonomagmatic activity in north-ern Tibet.
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    Copper isotope constraints on the origins of basaltic and andesitic magmas in the Tengchong volcanic field,SE Tibet

    Yuan-Ru QuSheng-Ao Liu
    301-314页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Tengchong volcano field(TVF),situated at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,holds cru-cial information regarding Cenozoic volcanic activities and geotectonic evolution of the SE Tibet.To pro-vide new constraints on petrogenesis and evolution of the Tengchong volcanism,here we conducted copper(Cu)elemental and isotopic analyses on a suite of samples that document the evolution from basalts to andesites in the TVF.The basalts are Cu-depleted(29.7-36.9 ppm)and have higher δ65Cu val-ues(0.19‰-0.40‰,mean=0.31‰±0.05‰;n=11)than those of mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORBs,～0.09‰)and the mantle(～0.06‰)as well as the majority of island arc lavas.Along with the low Cu/Zr ratios,these characteristics are interpreted to reflect the fractionation of isotopically light sulfides in the S-saturated systems during magma ascent,rather than source heterogeneity induced by recycled materials and redox reactions.Compared with the basalts,the andesites have slightly lower Cu contents(14.4-29.4 ppm)and lighter Cu isotopic compositions(mean=-0.14‰±0.06‰;n=13).These differ-ences cannot be attributed to progressive sulfide fractionation of basaltic magmas but require the assim-ilation of lower crustal materials with low δ65Cu values during evolution of the andesitic magmas.Our results collectively suggest that Cu isotopes can provide valuable insights into magma origin and evolution.
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    The replication crisis and its relevance to Earth Science studies:Case studies and recommendations

    Stephen J.PuetzKent C.CondieKurt SundellNick M.W.Roberts...
    315-325页
    查看更多>>摘要：Numerous scientific fields are facing a replication crisis,where the results of a study often cannot be replicated when a new study uses independent data.This issue has been particularly emphasized in psy-chology,health,and medicine,as incorrect results in these fields could have serious consequences,where lives might be at stake.While other fields have also highlighted significant replication problems,the Earth Sciences seem to be an exception.The paucity of Earth Science research aimed at understanding the replication crisis prompted this study.Specifically,this work aims to fill that gap by seeking to repli-cate geological results involving various types of time-series.We identify and discuss 11 key variables for replicating U-Pb age distributions:independent data,global sampling,proxy data,data quality,dispro-portionate non-random sampling,stratigraphic bias,potential filtering bias,accuracy and precision,cor-relating time-series segments,testing assumptions and divergent analytical methods,and analytical transparency.Even while this work primarily focuses on U-Pb age distributions,most of these factors(or variations of them)also apply to other geoscience disciplines.Thus,some of the discussions involve time-series consisting of εHf,δ18O-zircon,14C,10Be,marine δ13C,and marine δ18O.We then provide speci-fic recommendations for minimizing adverse effects related to these factors,and in the process enhancing prospects for replicating geological results.
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    Pore-scale water-gas distribution and gas permeability of natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea

    Yuxuan XiaDerek ElsworthJianchao CaiCheng Lu...
    327-341页
    查看更多>>摘要：Challenges in water drainage within natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea,characterized by high clay content and strong hydrophilicity,significantly hinder natural gas recov-ery.Examining the effects of gas pressure and liquid/gas saturation on gas permeability reveals essential insights for increasing gas production potential.We report gas displacement experiments on clayey-silt sediment samples,alongside X-ray computed tomography imaging,that reveal critical findings:a notable increase in flow rate and permeability as displacement pressure nears compaction pressure,highlighting the role of pressure management in enhancing recovery;water displacement from varying pore sizes under different pressures,highlighting the influence of pore size on fluid dynamics,and structural changes,including microfracture formation and a significant fracture that enlarges total pore space by about 15％,which collectively suggest methods to improve gas flow and recovery.Moreover,our analysis identifies average throat length,fractal dimension,and succolarity as principal controls on gas permeabil-ity,indicating the substantial impact of microstructural properties on extraction efficiency.These out-comes offer valuable strategies for optimizing natural gas hydrate reservoir development in the South China Sea,emphasizing the need for meticulous pressure and saturation control and in applying a deep understanding of microstructural dynamics.
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