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法庭科学研究（英文）
司法鉴定科学研究院
法庭科学研究（英文）

司法鉴定科学研究院

季刊

2096-1790

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法庭科学研究（英文）/Journal Forensic Sciences ResearchCSCD北大核心
查看更多>>Forensic Sciences Research［CN 31-2116/D，ISSN 2096-1790（Print），ISSN 2471-1411（Online）］，是中华人民共和国司法部主管、司法鉴定科学研究院主办的官方英文杂志，2015年正式建刊，是目前国内唯一一本面向国际的以法医学专业为主的法庭科学领域的英文季刊。Forensic Sciences Research与泰勒-弗朗西斯出版集团（Taylor & Francis Group）合作，采取完全开放获取（Open Access，OA）的办刊模式，所有刊载内容均可免费浏览下载。致力于实时跟进、全面展示国内外法庭科学研究领域的高水平原创性科技成果和理论研究成果，引领和促进学科的发展，立足国内，面向国际，建设国内外法庭科学领域的学术交流平台。Forensic Sciences Research目前被新兴资源引文索引（ESCI，Emerging Sources Citation Index）、PubMed Central（PMC）、Elsevier公司二次文献数据库（Scopus）、Directory of Open Access Journals（DOAJ）、ProQuest、HeinOnline法学全文数据库、中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）来源期刊核心库、万方数据收录。作为一本同行评议期刊，Forensic Sciences Research发表法庭科学内不同领域研究成果，包括法医学（病理学、临床学、精神病学、毒理学、物证学、人类学、毒物分析等），刑事技术，文检鉴定，微量物证鉴定，交通事故鉴定，与法庭科学相关的理化检查、生物学、生物医学、电子证据、司法会计、教育研究、司法鉴定体制研究等。栏目包括论著、综述、短篇报道、技术报道、案例报道等。
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    Forensic identification in a multidisciplinary perspective focusing on big challenges

    Eugénia CunhaZuzana Obertová
    1-2页
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Identification investigations:a collaborative approach to the resolution of long-term unidentified persons cases at the NYC Office of Chief Medical Examiner

    Angela SolerJustin Z.GoldsteinAden NakaStephanie Santiago...
    3-11页
    查看更多>>摘要：The New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner(NYC OCME)investigates approximately 9000-10000 deaths every year,each of which necessitates a formal identification.Although standard identification protocols resolve the majority of these cases,there are still a substantial number of long-term unidentified persons cases that require a targeted investigation.This process involves not only the comprehensive review of all available postmortem data(e.g.scene findings,personal effects,autopsy findings,toxicology results,forensic anthropology reports,dental findings,fingerprints,forensic biology),but also the collection of antemortem data through focused informant interviews,analyzing casefiles and/or archival records,reviewing public missing person postings(e.g.National Missing and Unidentified Persons System(NamUs)),and collaborating with law enforcement and other agencies.This holistic approach to identification investigations is systematic yet flexible,allowing for the needs of each unidentified person and/or missing person case to be thoroughly assessed and efficiently addressed.These efforts have proven successful at NYC OCME,resulting in over 80 long-term unidentified persons identifications confirmed in the last 7 years,dating as far back as 1969.This paper provides a detailed breakdown of the NYC OCME framework for long-term unidentified persons investigations,citing multiple case studies to underscore how investigators utilize multiple lines of evidence to generate potential leads.Although each jurisdiction faces a unique set of demands and limitations,sharing these investigative strategies and perspectives may benefit practitioners contending with long-term unidentified persons cases and their inherent complexities.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Who are they?A retrospective study of unidentified bodies in Institute of Medical-Legal Paris from 2018 to 2023

    Alexandre BiroBertrand LudesTania Delabarde
    12-20页
    查看更多>>摘要："I still don't realize that he's dead....I cried over it.It makes me sad to know that he was buried unaccompanied on his last trip.We were all shocked."This testimony corresponds to a family whose relative was buried in an anonymous grave 6 months after his disappearance was reported to the police.It is estimated that between 1 000 and 3000 unidentified bodies are buried in anonymous graves in France each year.Most of these decedents have passed through the medico-legal system.However the identification of these bodies,outside the context of mass disasters,remains a complex problem.Several national and international publications have highlighted the prevalent problem of unidentified burials and the consequences for families who do not know the fate of their loved ones,specifically,whether they are alive or deceased.This 6-year retrospective study(2018-2023),covering a total of 2 324 unidentified decedents admitted to the Institute of Medical-Legal Paris(IMLP),aimed to assess the impact of the identification protocol implemented in 2017 on the number of bodies that remain unidentified(n=164).In addition,this study aimed to establish profiles for individuals who remained unidentified with the objective of identifying the factors that hinder their identification and developing correlated methods to address these issues.The results of this study were compared with other published studies to highlight the global problem and the ongoing need for collaboration between forensic practitioners and relevant authorities.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Piece by piece—a computer-aided method for virtual re-association of commingled fragmented remains

    Lise Malfroy CamineVirginie MagninRuben SotoChristine Bruguier...
    21-29页
    查看更多>>摘要：Air crashes or explosions with numerous victims may result in thousands of fragmented human remains that present a massive challenge for disaster victim identification teams.Genetic identification may present important financial and technical limits,and the physical re-association of fractured bones by forensic anthropologists may require a time-consuming phase of cleaning and drying.A virtual re-association(VRA)of fragmented human remains using postmortem computed tomography(CT)-scan images could enhance the identification process and reduce the number of genetic analyses required.Therefore,this study investigated the advantages and limitations of a VRA protocol in comparison with physical re-association(PRA)in a laboratory setting and in a real case scenario.As a first step,six porcine femurs were scanned by multi-detector CT before and after physical fragmentation.PRA of the dry bones and VRA of the 3D models of the fragments were then performed.The physically reconstructed dry bones were then once more scanned with CT.The mean distance between intact and reconstructed models,the number of re-associated fragments,and the time needed for the reconstruction were evaluated.In a second step,87 fragmented remains resulting from a controlled pig bombing were collected,scanned,and virtually re-associated to test the feasibility of the protocol in a real context.The reconstruction of the femurs showed no difference in accuracy between PRA and VRA.Although the VRA was faster than PRA,the preparation of the material still needs to be taken into consideration.The VRA after the controlled pig bombing was limited to 8％of the total fragments.Differences in alveolar and cortical osseous structure and the presence of cartilage resulted in segmentation approximations and difficulties in the re-association itself.The explosion produced an important loss of intermediate bone elements.The VRA method still needs further evaluations with a larger sample size and different fragmentation mechanisms.However,the presented research shows promising results towards enhancing the efficiency of identifying individuals after a mass disaster.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Application and implications of radiocarbon dating in forensic case work:when medico-legal significance meets archaeological relevance

    Benoit BertrandThibault ClauzelPascale RichardinAnne Bécart...
    31-40页
    查看更多>>摘要：The estimation of the postmortem interval for skeletal remains is a crucial aspect of forensic anthropology.This paper illustrates the importance of radiocarbon analysis for establishing medico-legal significance and supporting forensic identification,through the analysis of three case studies for which the years of both birth and death were investigated.In Audresselles,Northern France,a partial skull was discovered with no contextual information or identity.Radiocarbon dating yielded an average calibrated calendar age of 4232 BCE(92.5％probability),indicating significant archaeological value but no forensic relevance.In the second case,skeletal remains were found in the flooded underground of a historical fort at Wimereux,Northern France,also with no identity.Radiocarbon dating based on the bomb-pulse curve indicated a calibrated date of death in 1962 CE(37.3％probability)or 1974-1975 CE(58.1％probability),both surpassing the French statute of limitations.Lastly,a skeleton with a suspected identity was discovered near Valenciennes,Northern France,and various biological tissues underwent radiocarbon dating.A bone sample suggested a calibrated date of death of 1998-2002 CE(84.6％probability),differing from a hair sample(2013-2018 CE,83.3％probability)because of the slower bone tissue remodeling process.DNA analysis confirmed the person's identity,reported missing a decade prior to the discovery of the remains,following the alignment of the radiocarbon results with the individual's year of birth based on dental tissues and year of death.These case studies reveal that traditional radiocarbon dating and bomb-pulse dating are essential tools for estimating the postmortem interval,providing mutual benefits for archaeologists,forensic anthropologists,and the criminal justice system.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Challenges of accreditation in forensic fields concerned with human identification:a survey of European facial examiners

    Zuzana ObertováInga SiebkeGrit Schüler
    41-47页
    查看更多>>摘要：Forensic anthropology and forensic facial image identification are areas with two aspects in common:(i)the use of anthropological knowledge concerning human variation in their analyses and(ii)low numbers of accredited forensic units.While the low numbers are often explained by the uniqueness of human identification cases,given the high level of scrutiny in the forensic sciences,interest in and efforts to achieve accreditation have become increasingly prominent.Therefore,this study aimed to obtain accreditation-relevant information about the working environment in facial image comparison units by surveying facial examiners across Europe.Two surveys were distributed:One was given to participants of a European Commission-funded training course for technical assessors in facial image comparison,and the second,more comprehensive survey,was distributed to members of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes Digital Imaging Working Group.Thirty-four responses from facial examiners from 16 countries were received.All respondents worked for a governmental organization,nine(26.5％)in accredited units,and 12(35.3％)had worked as facial examiners for more than 11 years.More than 80％of respondents had an academic background.All examiners from accredited units reported having standard operating procedures,annual Digital Imaging Working Group proficiency testing,and using a standard methodology(compared with 72％,92％,and 84％from nonaccredited units,respectively).The survey found that working conditions in forensic facial image identification vary among European countries.Some respondents from nonaccredited units reported that their unit had no standard operating procedures,with proficiency tests and intralaboratory validations not performed regularly,and an inconsistently used standard methodology.As these conditions are typically required for successful accreditation,a better understanding of best practice and accreditation requirements in the field is needed.Facilitating interactions between forensic practitioners and quality managers may prove beneficial for future accreditation efforts.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    An interdisciplinary forensic approach in a mummified child with evidence of abuse and neglect

    Norbert MoravanskýSoňa MasnicováPetra ŠvábováRoman Kuruc...
    48-53页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mummification of corpses with partial skeletonization is not an uncommon occurrence in daily forensic work.Cooperation between different forensic fields is important in these cases in terms of obtaining the most accurate and forensically relevant results,especially when child abuse and neglect is suspected.In Central Europe,up to 21％of children are exposed to physical and psychological harm,which is mostly perpetrated by family members.This report describes a case of subadult female mummified remains in which interdisciplinary forensic pathology,forensic anthropology,and entomology input was needed to obtain legally relevant results.Entomological analysis of the fly and beetle species present served primarily to estimate the postmortem interval.External examination confirmed advanced postmortem decomposition of the body.The anthropological findings based on radiographs and analysis of selected bones confirmed various antemortem fractures and post-traumatic changes involving the ribs,the distal portion of the humerus,the nasal bones,and the anterior portions of the maxilla and mandible.Furthermore,non-specific findings of growth arrest(Harris)lines in the distal metaphysis of the right tibia indicated growth retardation and,overall,child neglect.The autopsy findings confirmed subdural blood coagulum,part of which formed a clearly moulded plaster mass that had originally been attached to the cranial vault up to the internal lamina.The findings indicated a post-traumatic condition as the underlying cause of death in this child.Interdisciplinary forensic analyses confirmed that the child had been repeatedly exposed to violent assaults throughout her lifetime.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Moving from the unknown to the known:a multidisciplinary approach to the identification of skeletal remains from Sandy Point,Australia

    Soren BlauDadna HartmanApril StockFiona Leahy...
    54-60页
    查看更多>>摘要：When human remains are inadvertently located,case-related circumstantial information is used to generate an identification hypothesis,and the preservation of the remains typically informs which identification methods may then be used to validate that hypothesis.What happens,however,when there is no contextual information to generate an identification hypothesis?This paper presents the case of a near-complete human skeleton discovered at Sandy Point in Victoria,Australia.The circumstances of the case did not facilitate an identification hypothesis,and with no hypothesis to triage the identification process,all possible identification methods were employed.Preservation of the individual meant neither a visual nor a fingerprint identification was possible,and the lack of an identification hypothesis meant there was no antemortem reference data to compare with the postmortem DNA or dental information.Consequently,in addition to historical research,novel methods,such as radiocarbon dating and genetic intelligence,were utilized to complement information provided by the forensic anthropology and odontology analyses,which ultimately resulted in the identification.This example highlights the complexity of cases of unidentified skeletal remains and emphasizes the fact that identification is a process that necessarily requires a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Human identification by medical findings in a forensic anthropology context

    Yara Vieira LemosAlexandre Neves FurtadoAdriana Zatti LimaAlexander Santos Dionísio...
    61-70页
    查看更多>>摘要：This article presents a series of three complex forensic cases that posed significant challenges for identifying human remains.These include a mass dam disaster,burnt human remains,and extensively decomposed human remains.Positive identification was achieved using a shadow positioning technique with imaging comparisons of medical findings.After establishing the biological profile,medical data were evaluated with digital radiography and computed tomography examinations the human remains.These aimed to replicate the original(intravitam)traits in the same angulation to examine postsurgical characteristics,as well as the anatomical,pathological,and morphological features,which were sufficient to establish a positive scientific identification.Technological advancements tend to reveal additional skeletal details,making medical data comparisons significantly more effective in the context of anthropological identification.These cases demonstrate that the possibility of identification should never be ignored,even in situations with advanced decomposition.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    A case study on the endeavour to identify the"unidentifiable"fallen soldiers of WWI on the Italian front

    Daniel GaudioAndrea Betto
    71-76页
    查看更多>>摘要：If there is a category of war victims for whom the identification process has been and still remains an extremely challenging issue,it is the soldiers of World War One.There are various reasons for this,including unreliable identity tags,the unprecedented number of casualties,and the level of destruction caused by the massive use of"new"weapons.In Italy,this phenomenon was so severe and well-known that a monument was erected in Rome specifically in memory of those unknown soldiers("Tomba del Milite Ignoto").However,modern techniques in forensic archaeology and anthropology can facilitate identification even in this extreme context.In the casework described here,the presence of human remains was reported to the judicial authorities,which were subsequently located and excavated in a remote region of the Italian Alps using a range of techniques,including drone imagery,GPR,and micromorphological surveying.During the archaeological excavation of the human remains,a World War One zinc identification tag in very poor condition was found adjacent to the body.The biological profile was estimated(male,20-30 years old,166cm±3.27 cm),and a trauma survey was performed.Thanks to the restoration of the ID tag,parts of the name and enrolment number were found and cross-referenced with the anthropological data of the subject,matching the information in the available military records.The victim had no siblings or offspring,making it impossible to identify descendants.However,the operation led to a contextual/presumptive identification of the soldier and the discovery of his story.He was a native of Tuscany,who died during the"Punitive Expedition"(1916)and was buried,probably by his comrades,in a small flat area hidden from enemy lines.In investigations like this,the involvement of local communities,whether groups or individuals,is crucial.In this case report,it will be shown how multidisciplinary approaches and collective actions can play a pivotal role in resolving highly intricate scenarios,such as those pertaining to armed conflicts.
      原文链接:
    • 国家科技期刊平台
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据