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国际水土保持研究（英文）
国际水土保持研究（英文）

季刊

2095-6339

国际水土保持研究（英文）/Journal International Soil and Water Conservation ResearchCSCD北大核心SCI
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收录年代

    Temporal variability of global potential water erosion based on an improved USLE model

    Jialei LiMuqi XiongRanhao SunLiding Chen...
    1-12页
    查看更多>>摘要：Assessing spatiotemporal variation in global soil erosion is essential for identifying areas that require greater attention and management under the effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change.Soil erosion can be modelled using the universal soil loss equation(USLE),which includes rainfall erosivity(R-factor),vegetation cover(C-factor),topography(LS-factor),soil erodibility(K-factor),and management practices(P-factor).However,global soil erosion modeling faces numerous challenges,including data acquisition,calculation processes,and parameter calibration under different climatic and topographic backgrounds.Thus,we presented an improved USLE-based model using highly distributed parameters.The R-,C-,and P-factors were modified by the climate zone,country,and topography.This distributed model was applied to estimate the intensity and variations in global soil erosion from 1992 to 2015.We validated the accuracy of this model by comparing simulations with measurements from 11,439 plot years of erosion data.The results showed that ⅰ)the average global erosion rate was 5.78 t ha-1 year-1,with an increase rate of 4.26 x 10-3 t ha-1 year-1;ⅱ)areas with significantly increasing erosion accounted for 16％of the land with water erosion,whereas those with significantly decreasing erosion accounted for 7％;and ⅲ)areas with severe erosion included the western Ghats,Abyssinian Plateau,Brazilian Plateau,south and east of the Himalayas,and western coast of South America.Intensified erosion occurred mainly on the Amazon Plain and the northern coast of the Mediterranean.This study provides an improved water erosion prediction model and accurate information for researchers and policymakers to identify the drivers underlying changes in water erosion in different regions.
      原文链接:
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    Towards accurate mapping of loess waterworn gully by integrating google earth imagery and DEM using deep learning

    Rong ChenYi ZhouZetao WangYing Li...
    13-28页
    查看更多>>摘要：Accurate mapping of loess waterworn gully(LWG)is essential to further study gully erosion and geomorphological evolution for the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP).Due to the vertical joint and collaps-ibility of loess,LWGs have the characteristics of zigzag and unique slope abruptness under synthetic action of hydraulic force and gravity.This forces existing LWG mapping methods to either focus on the improvement of mapping accuracy or center on the increase of mapping efficiency.However,simulta-neously achieving accurate and efficient mapping of LWG is still in its infancy under complex topographic conditions.Here,we proposed a method that innovatively integrates the loess slope abruptness feature into an improved deep learning semantic segmentation framework for LWG mapping using 0.6 m Google imagery and 5 m DEM data.We selected four study areas representing typical loess landforms to test the performance of our method.The proposed method can achieve satisfactory mapping results,with the F1 score,mean Intersection-over-Union(mIoU),and overall accuracy of 90.5％,85.3％,and 92.3％,respec-tively.In addition,the proposed model also showed significant accuracy improvement by inputting additional topographic information(especially the slope of slope).Compared with existing algorithms(Random forests,original DeepLabV3+,and Unet),the proposed approach in this study achieved a better accuracy-efficiency trade-off.Overall,the method can ensure high accuracy and efficiency of the LWG mapping for different loess landform types and can be extended to study various loess gully mapping and water and soil conservation.
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    Simulated rainfall in Brazil:An alternative for assesment of soil surface processes and an opportunity for technological development

    Camila Calazans da Silva LuzWilk Sampaio de AlmeidaAdilson Pacheco de SouzaNivaldo Schultz...
    29-42页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rainfall simulators(RS)have been used,above all,to evaluate hydrological processes related to soil water infiltration,surface runoff and soil erosion.They allow repeatability of rain application with different precipitation intensities in field and/or laboratory conditions and should produce events with physical characteristics similar to natural rain.In this manuscript,we carried out a bibliometric and scientometric analysis of studies with simulated rainfall in Brazil to assess the temporal evolution of publications,the main topics addressed and the degree of technological development of the equipment.We searched for the terms"rainfall simulator"OR"simulated rainfall"AND"Brazil"in the Scopus,Web of Science,SciELO and Google Scholar databases.We found 143 articles published in the last 37 years(1985-2022).Our findings indicate that the main research areas covered in papers are soil erosion(57.34％),soil water infiltration(24.47％),nutrient losses(9.8％)and RS development and calibration/assessment(8.39％).In recent years,the number of published papers in international high-impact factor journals has increased.Most of the papers(49.65％)refer to studies carried out by institutions located in the south and southeast regions of Brazil.Moreover,there is a large gap of studies on simulated rainfall in other regions of Brazil,where important biomes such as the Cerrado,Amazon,Caatinga,and their transitions are located.This study informs research priorities on soil erosion under simulated rainfall and provides a bibliographic database that can assist in more detailed future analyses.
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    Trade-off analyses between food provision and soil conservation service of Grain for Green Program in Mountainous Area

    Yawen LiYuxiang LiXingwu DuanZhongyin Cai...
    43-53页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Grain for Green Program and soil and water conservation engineering initiatives are crucial for controlling erosion in steep-slope agriculture.However,it is still unclear how these two management methods should be carried out in respect to the situation in mountainous areas.Therefore,taking a typical mountainous area in southwest China as an example,we simulated six scenarios in order to compare the food provisioning service(FPS)and soil conservation service of the Grain for Green Program(converting to grassland)and Construction Measures(converting to sloping terrace)under different slopes.Results showed that when farmland with a＞25° slope was converted into grassland,the amount of soil erosion(M)decreased by 21.0％,while FPS decreased by only 0.7％.However,when farmland with a＞25° slope was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 31.3％while FPS increased by 18.7％.With the increases of farmland slope ranges in the Construction Measures scenario,M gradually decreased and FPS gradually increased.Particularly when farmland＞15° was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 63.9％and FPS increased by 52.7％.Furthermore,the trade-offs of Construction Measures are lower than that of Grain for Green on different slope ranges.Therefore,we conclude that Construction Measures are a more suitable method in mountainous areas than the Grain for Green,and we suggest that further research be conducted to consider the ecological risks of construction engineering measures.
      原文链接:
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    • NSTL
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    Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

    Ying ZhengXiaonan ShiFan ZhangTingwu Lei...
    54-63页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil erosion by snow or ice melt waterflow is an important type of soil erosion in many high-altitude and high-latitude regions and is further aggravated by climate warming.The snowmelt waterflow erosion process is affected by soil freeze-thaws and is highly dynamically variable.In this study,a methodology was developed to conduct in situ field experiments to investigate the effects of the thawed depth of the frozen soil profile on snowmelt waterflow erosion.The method was implemented on an alpine meadow soil slope at an altitude of 3700 m on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.The erosion experiments involved five thawed soil depths of 0,10,30(35),50,and 80(100)mm under two snowmelt waterflow rates(3 and 5 L/min).When the topsoil was fully frozen or shallow-thawed(≤10 mm),its hydrothermal and structural properties caused a significant lag in the initiation of runoff and delayed soil erosion in the initial stage.The runoff and sediment concentration curves for fully frozen and shallow-thawed soil showed two-stage patterns characteristic of a sediment supply limited in the early stage and subject to hydrodynamic-controlled processes in the later stage.However,this effect did not exist where the thawed soil depth was greater than 30 mm.The deep-thawed cases(≥30 mm)showed normal hydro-graph and sedigraph patterns similar to those of the unfrozen soil.The findings of this study are important for understanding the erosion rates of partially thawed soil and for improving erosion sim-ulations in cold regions.
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    Drainage of paddy terraces impacts structures and soil properties in the globally important agricultural heritage of Hani Paddy Terraces,China

    Ming WangLi RongYanbo LiJiangcheng Huang...
    64-76页
    查看更多>>摘要：Marginalization and abandonment of paddy terraces are widespread,but their effects on the sustain-ability of subsequent agricultural production are still unknown.Hani Paddy Terraces,included in Globally Important Agriculture Heritage Systems,are threatened by paddy fields drainage.Here,changes in terrace structure,the productivity of topsoil(0-20 cm),and soil water holding capacity at 0-70 cm depth were determined in a case study of Hani Paddy Terraces in Amengkong River Basin in Yuanyang County in Southwestern China,which had been converted into dryland terraces for 2-14 years.Our results showed that:(1)The degree of terrace structures degradation exhibited a U-shaped curve with increasing time since draining,with those drained for 5-9 years having the best structure;(2)Soil productivity index decreased first and then increased with time after conversion;(3)Maximum water holding capacity at 0-70 cm soil depth dramatically decreased after conversion and such trend became increasingly obvious with increasing time since conversion.Our study revealed that drainage of paddy terraces along with associated changes in crop and field management led to an increase in soil pro-ductivity,but degradation of terrace structures and a decrease in water holding capacity will inhibit restoration to paddy terraces.These findings enhance the understanding of the biophysical changes due to marginalization in paddy terraces.
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    • NSTL
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    An examination of thematic research,development,and trends in remote sensing applied to conservation agriculture

    Zobaer AhmedAaron ShewLawton NalleyMichael Popp...
    77-95页
    查看更多>>摘要：Conservation agriculture seeks to reduce environmental degradation through sustainable management of agricultural land.Since the 1990s,agricultural research has been conducted using remote sensing technologies;however,few previous reviews have been conducted focused on different conservation management practices.Most of the previous literature has focused on the application of remote sensing in agriculture without focusing exclusively on conservation practices,with some only providing a narrative review,others using biophysical remote sensing for quantitative estimates of the bio-geo-chemical-physical properties of soils and crops,and few others focused on single agricultural manage-ment practices.This paper used the preferred reporting items for systematic review(PRISMA)meth-odology to examine the last 30 years of thematic research,development,and trends associated with remote sensing technologies and methods applied to conservation agriculture research at various spatial and temporal scales.A set of predefined key concepts and keywords were applied in three databases:Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.A total of 188 articles were compiled for initial examination,where 68 articles were selected for final analysis and grouped into cover crops,crop residue,crop rotation,mulching,and tillage practices.Publications on conservation agriculture research using remote sensing have been increasing since 1991 and peaked at 10 publications in 2020.Among the 68 articles,94％used a pixel-based,while only 6％used an object-based classification method.Prior to 2005,tillage practices were abundantly studied,then crop residue was a focused theme between 2004 and 2012.From 2012 to 2020,the focus shifted again to cover crops.Ten spectral indices were used in 76％of the 68 studies.This examination offered a summary of the new potential and identifies crucial future research needs and directions that could improve the contribution of remote sensing to the provision of long-term operational services for various conservation agriculture applications.
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    • NETL
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    Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

    Wooiklee S.PayeVesh R.ThapaRajan Ghimire
    96-106页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied well.We evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C),and corn(Zea mays L)and sor-ghum(Sorghum bicolor(L)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping system.Treatments included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum rotation.Soil macro-aggregates were 51-54％greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in CT.Conventional tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31％in macro-aggregates and 47-53％in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to ST,NT,and OT.In clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16％,21-26％,and 36-43％less SOC at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and OT.Aggregate associated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than CT.Soil MOAM-C and POM-C under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 M after OT implementation.Corn and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than CT in 2021.Our results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Effects of physical crust on soil detachment by overland flow in the Loess Plateau region of China

    Jiaxin LiuLiding ChenBing WangXiaoyu Peng...
    107-120页
    查看更多>>摘要：Physical soil crust(PSC),a key component of surface soil structure,exists extensively in loess areas.PSC is considered to have a significant effect on soil detachment processes.However,the long-term effects and the corresponding mechanisms of PSC on soil detachment by overland flow are still not well understood,especially in natural environments.To investigate temporal variation in soil erosion resistance and the underlying factors during PSC formation,an 8 × 8-m soil plot was exposed to natural conditions in the Loess Plateau over a 524-day period spanning two rainy seasons and a winter between them.A flume test was conducted to determine soil detachment capacity(Dc)under six designed flow shear stress levels(5.66-22.11 Pa)using crusted(SC)and non-crusted(NSC)soil samples at different PSC development stages.Subsequently,two soil erosion resistance parameters,rill erodibility(Kr)and critical shear stress(τc),were calculated.Over time,in the SC and NSC treatments,Kr decreased from 0.516 to 0.120 s m-1 and 0.521 to 0.223 s m-1,respectively,while τc increased from 0.49 to 4.42 Pa and 0.26-2.46 Pa,respectively.Variation in soil erosion resistance was rapid in the first one to two months,and then slowed down,with slight fluctuations afterwards.In the SC treatment,Kr was 42％lower and τc was 67％greater than those in the NSC treatment.Soil properties changed greatly for both treatments.SCT increased from 0 to 7.09 mm in the SC treatment.Coh increased from 2.91 to 9.04 kPa and 3.01-4.78 kPa in SC and NSC treatments,respectively.Both soil erosion resistance parameters could be well predicted by SCT and Coh in the SC treatment(R2 ≥ 0.82),while their best predictor was Coh in the NSC treatment(R2 ≥ 0.90).The results demonstrate that PSC formation enhances soil erosion resistance in the soil detachment process in the loess region under natural conditions.Our study revealed the important role and complexity of PSC in the process of soil erosion,and provided theoretical and data support for accurate understanding and prediction of soil erosion.
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    • NSTL
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    Best management practices to reduce soil erosion and change water balance components in watersheds under grain and dairy production

    Thais Palumbo SilvaDanielle Bressianiéderson Diniz EblingJosé Miguel Reichert...
    121-136页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil erosion and sedimentation are among the most serious global environmental problems.Soil and water conservation measures have been proven effective ways to reduce soil loss.The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of three approaches of soil and water conservation measures(soil management,vegetative measures,and structural practices)on soil erosion and water balance of two paired agricultural watersheds located in Southern Brazil.Streamflow and sediment monitoring was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in the two small paired agricultural watersheds;called North watershed(NW)and South watershed(SW).Modeling using Soil & Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)was performed to simulate individual(nine scenarios)and combined(four scenarios)best management practices(BMPs),by including the three approaches.Among the nine individual BMP scenarios,the most effective in reducing soil erosion was crop rotation and cover crop(sediment yield,SY,reduction of 38.4 for NW,and 28.8％for SW).Among the four combined scenarios,the association of all conservation approaches was the most effective in reducing soil erosion(SY reduction of 46 for NW,and 41.5％for SW),followed by the vegetative measures scenario(SY reduction of 43.5 and 34.1％for NW and SW).All combined sce-narios increased infiltration and subsurface water components,and decreased surface runoff.The findings of this study can help farmers and policymakers choosing appropriate BMPs to reduce current soil erosion problems and promote water and soil conservation.
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    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据