查看更多>>摘要：Hydrogels have three-dimensional network structures that have been widely applied owing to their high water content,excellent biocompatibility,and physicochemical properties.Compared with conventional hydrogels,sprayable hydrogels exhibit excellent temporal and spatial controllability.Biomass materials offer easy accessibility,biocompatibility,biodegradability,and other physicochemical properties that are extensively used in the formation of sprayable hydrogels.In situ formed biomass-based sprayable hydrogels are realized by chemical or physical crosslinking.Rapid spray filming,in situ drug delivery,high permeability,and flexible portability enable biomass-based sprayable hydrogels to show great potential for topical drug delivery,wound healing,and other applications.This review describes in detail the status of research on the preparation and application of biomass-based sprayable hydrogels and suggests prospects for their future development.
查看更多>>摘要：Polymers obtained from biomass are promising alternatives to petro-based polymers owing to their low cost,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.Lignin,a complex aromatic polymer containing several functional hydrophilic and active groups including hydroxyls,carbonyls,and methoxyls,is the second most abundant biopolymer in plants.In particular,sustainable lignin-based gels are emerging as an appealing material platform for developing energy-and sensing-related applications owing to their attractive and tailorable physiochemical properties.This study describes the preparation strategies of lignin-based gels according to previously reported methods,with significant attention on the diverse performance of lignin-derived gel materials.Additionally,a detailed review of lignin-based gels utilized as an important resource in diverse fields is provided.Finally,a future vision on challenges and their possible solutions is presented.
查看更多>>摘要：Lignin is the most abundant aromatic compound found in nature.The rich functional groups of lignin are responsible for its antibacterial,antioxidant,anti-ultraviolet,and biocompatible properties.As modified lignin has a higher molecular weight,water solubility,and better surface activity,it is a good candidate for the construction of new biological materials.Lignin-based hydrogels are a type of functional materials with broad application prospects in the biomedical field.This review aimed to introduce the biological properties of lignin and the application of lignin-based hydrogels in the biological field.
查看更多>>摘要：Highly efficient photon-to-electron conversion is crucial for achieving photocatalytic conversion.In this study,oxygen-doped carbon nitride nanocages(O@CNNCs)were engineered via dual strategies of morphology-controlled heteroatom doping,which was successfully used in the photocatalytic selective oxidation of xylose/xylan to xylonic acid.The nanocage-shaped O@CNNCs had a larger surface area,which was 4.02 times of carbon nitride(CN).Furthermore,with the assistance of morphology regulation and O-doping,O@CNNCs exhibit highly efficient photon-to-electron conversion,enhanced visible-light utilization,high photocurrent,low resistance,and fast separation/migration of electron-hole pairs.Correspondingly,the photocatalytic oxidation of xylose to xylonic acid using O@CNNCs was successfully achieved under mild reaction conditions with a yield of 83.4％.O@CNNCs have excellent recyclability,in which the yield of xylonic acid in the 5th cycle was 98.2％of its initial use.The O@CNNC photocatalytic system was also suitable for macromolecular xylan,and a xylonic acid yield of 77.34 mg was obtained when 100 mg xylan was used.The oxidation-active species captured experiments indicated that holes were crucial for the selective oxidation of xylose to xylonic acid.Overall,this study provides a new strategy for the preparation of photocatalysts with excellent photon-to-electron conversion and selective oxidation of biomass-derived feedstocks to xylonic acid.
查看更多>>摘要：Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surface smoothness.This pilot-scale study evaluates the benefits of fiber fractionation using a pressure screen prior to low consistency(LC)refining.A 0.81-mm smooth holed screen cylinder is utilized,and two refiner plate patterns are adopted(wide 0.99 km/rev BEL and interim 2.01 km/rev BEL).Here,LC-refined reject fractions are mixed with the created microfibrillated cellulose(MFC),and the mixed pulp and paper qualities are compared with no-MFC OCC pulps.The results indicate that the highest tensile strength of the handsheet is obtained by the addition of MFC to the fractionated refined OCC pulp compared to the unfractionated refined OCC and primary OCC pulps at a given specific energy.Furthermore,the experimental approach adopted in this study can be used to optimize recycled OCC pulping systems.Overall,the results indicate that fractionated LC refining plus MFC addition provides higher pulp and paper qualities and the potential for saving energy to reach the desired tensile strength of the OCC pulp.
查看更多>>摘要：The direct use of spent liquor from pulping and papermaking engineering,which is abundant in active organic matter,can avoid resource wastage and environmental pollution.In this study,the effects of soaking solution and filtrate from steam-exploded rice straw on seed germination and the early development of cabbage were investigated.The results have shown that soaking solution and filtrate stimulated early cabbage growth at low concentrations.Optimal germination potential and the rate of soaking solution-treated cabbage seeds increased by 8％and 5％,respectively;meanwhile,that of the filtrate-treated cabbage seeds increased by 11％and 5％,respectively.Promotion of root growth by steam-exploded rice straw spent liquor was expressed in lateral root multiplication.The fresh weight of cabbage seedlings treated with the soaking solution/filtrate increased by more than 50％and the dry weight over 20％.Comparatively,the stimulation of filtrate on seed germination and early development of cabbage is superior to that of the soaking solution.Steam-exploded rice straw spent liquor is rich in bioactive lignin and oligosaccharides,which makes it a promising biostimulant for promoting crop growth.
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