查看更多>>摘要：Lake ecosystems confront escalating challenges to their stability and resilience,most intuitively leading to biodiversity loss,necessitating effective preservation strategies to safeguard aquatic environments.However,the complexity of ecological processes governing lake biodiversity under multi-stressor in-teractions remains an ongoing concern,primarily due to insufficient long-term bioindicator data,particularly concerning macroinvertebrate biodiversity.Here we utilize a unique,continuous,and in situ biomonitoring dataset spanning from 2011 to 2019 to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of macroinvertebrate communities.We assess the impact of four crucial environmental parameters on Lake Dongting and Lake Taihu,i.e.,water quality,hydrology,climate change,and land use.These two systems are representative of lakes with Yangtze-connected and disconnected subtropical floodplains in China.We find an alarming trend of declining taxonomic and functional diversities among macroinvertebrate communities despite improvements in water quality.Primary contributing factors to this decline include persistent anthropogenic pressures,particularly alterations in human land use around the lakes,including intensified nutrient loads and reduced habitat heterogeneity.Notably,river-lake connectivity is pivotal in shaping differential responses to multiple stressors.Our results highlight a strong correlation between biodiversity alterations and land use within a 2-5 km radius and 0.05-2.5 km from the shorelines of Lakes Dongting and Taihu,respectively.These findings highlight the importance of implementing land buffer zones with specific spatial scales to enhance taxonomic and functional di-versity,securing essential ecosystem services and enhancing the resilience of crucial lake ecosystems.
查看更多>>摘要：Excessive urbanization leads to considerable nature deficiency and abundant artificial infrastructure in urban areas,which triggered intensive discussions on people's exposure to green space and outdoor artificial light at night(ALAN).Recent academic progress highlights that people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN may be confounders of each other but lacks systematic investigations.This study investigates the associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN by adopting the three most used research paradigms:population-level residence-based,individual-level residence-based,and individual-level mobility-oriented paradigms.We employed the green space and outdoor ALAN data of 291 Tertiary Planning Units in Hong Kong for population-level analysis.We also used data from 940 participants in six representative communities for individual-level analyses.Hong Kong green space and outdoor ALAN were derived from high-resolution remote sensing data.The total exposures were derived using the spatiotemporally weighted approaches.Our results confirm that the negative associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN are universal across different research paradigms,spatially non-stationary,and consistent among different socio-demographic groups.We also observed that mobility-oriented measures may lead to stronger negative associations than residence-based measures by mitigating the contextual errors of residence-based measures.Our results highlight the potential confounding associations between people's exposure to green space and outdoor ALAN,and we strongly recommend relevant studies to consider both of them in modeling people's health outcomes,especially for those health outcomes impacted by the co-exposure to them.
查看更多>>摘要：The coexistence of caffeine(CF)and ketamine(KET)in surface waters across Asia has been widely re-ported.Previous studies have implied that CF and KET may share a mechanism of action.However,the combined toxicity of these two chemicals on aquatic organisms remains unclear at environmental levels,and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.Here we demonstrate that KET antagonizes the adverse effects of CF on zebrafish larvae by modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic synapse pathway.Specifically,KET(10-250 ng L-1)ameliorates the locomotor hyperactivity and impaired circadian rhythms in zebrafish larvae induced by 2 mg L-1 of CF,showing a dose-dependent relationship.Additionally,the developmental abnormalities in zebrafish larvae exposed to CF are miti-gated by KET,with an incidence rate reduced from 26.7％to 6.7％.The competition between CF and KET for binding sites on the GABA-A receptor(in situ and in silico)elucidates the antagonistic interactions between the two chemicals.Following a seven-day recovery period,the adverse outcomes of CF expo-sure persist in the fish,whereas the changes observed in the CF+KET groups are significantly alleviated,especially with KET at 10 ng L-1.Based on these results,it is imperative to further assess the environ-mental risks associated with CF and KET co-pollution.This pilot study underscores the utility of systems toxicology approaches in estimating the combined toxicity of environmental chemicals on aquatic or-ganisms.Moreover,the nighttime behavioral functions of fish could serve as a sensitive biomarker for evaluating the toxicity of psychoactive substances.
查看更多>>摘要：Ethane,the second most abundant gaseous hydrocarbon in vast anoxic environments,is an overlooked greenhouse gas.Microbial anaerobic oxidation of ethane can be driven by available electron acceptors such as sulfate and nitrate.However,despite nitrite being a more thermodynamically feasible electron acceptor than sulfate or nitrate,little is known about nitrite-driven anaerobic ethane oxidation.In this study,a microbial culture capable of nitrite-driven anaerobic ethane oxidation was enriched through the long-term operation of a nitrite-and-ethane-fed bioreactor.During continuous operation,the nitrite removal rate and the theoretical ethane oxidation rate remained stable at approximately 25.0 mg NO2-N L-1 d-1 and 11.48 mg C2H6 L-1d-1,respectively.Batch tests demonstrated that ethane is essential for nitrite removal in this microbial culture.Metabolic function analysis revealed that a species affiliated with a novel genus within the family Rhodocyclaceae,designated as'Candidatus Alkanivoras nitro-soreducens',may perform the nitrite-driven anaerobic ethane oxidation.In the proposed metabolic model,despite the absence of known genes for ethane conversion to ethyl-succinate and succinate-CoA ligase,'Ca.A.nitrosoreducens'encodes a prospective fumarate addition pathway for anaerobic ethane oxidation and a complete denitrification pathway for nitrite reduction to nitrogen.These findings advance our understanding of nitrite-driven anaerobic ethane oxidation,highlighting the previously overlooked impact of anaerobic ethane oxidation in natural ecosystems.
Carlo MoscarielloSilvio MatassaFrancesco PirozziGiovanni Esposito...
369-380页
查看更多>>摘要：The production of single cell protein(SCP)using lignocellulosic materials stands out as a promising route in the circular bioeconomy transition.However,multiple steps are necessary for lignocellulosics-to-SCP processes,involving chemical pretreatments and specific aerobic cultures.Whereas there are no studies that investigated the SCP production from lignocellulosics by using only biological processes and mi-crobial biomass able to work both anaerobically and aerobically.In this view,the valorisation of in-dustrial hemp(Cannabis sativa L.)biomass residues(HBRs),specifically hurds and a mix of leaves and inflorescences,combined with cheese whey(CW)was investigated through a semi-continuous acido-genic co-fermentation process(co-AF).The aim of this study was to maximise HBRs conversion into VFAs to be further used as carbon-rich substrates for SCP production.Different process conditions were tested by either removing CW or increasing the amount of HBRs in terms of VS(i.e.,two and four times)to evaluate the performance of the co-AF process.Increasing HBRs resulted in a proportional increase in VFA production up to 3115 mg HAc L-1,with experimental production nearly 40％higher than theoretical predictions.The synergy between HBRs and CW was demonstrated,proving the latter as essential to improve the biodegradability of the former.The produced VFAs were subsequently tested as substrates for SCP synthesis in batch aerobic tests.A biomass concentration of 2.43 g TSS L-1 was achieved with a C/N ratio of 5.0 and a pH of 9.0 after two days of aerobic fermentation,reaching a protein content of 42％(g protein per g TSS).These results demonstrate the overall feasibility of the VFA-mediated HBR-to-SCP valorisation process.
查看更多>>摘要：Anaerobic digestion(AD)plays a significant role in renewable energy recovery.Upgrading AD from thermophilic(50-57 ℃)to mesophilic(30-38 ℃)conditions to enhance process stability and reduce energy input remains challenging due to the high sensitivity of thermophilic microbiomes to tempera-ture fluctuations.Here we compare the effects of two decreasing-temperature modes from 55 to 35 ℃ on cell viability,microbial dynamics,and interspecies interactions.A sharp transition(ST)is a one-step transition by 20 ℃ d-1,while a mild transition(MT)is a stepwise transition by 1 ℃ d-1.We find a greater decrease in methane production with ST(88.8％)compared to MT(38.9％)during the transition period.ST mode overproduced reactive oxygen species by 1.6-fold,increased membrane permeability by 2.2-fold,and downregulated microbial energy metabolism by 25.1％,leading to increased apoptosis of anaerobes by 1.9-fold and release of intracellular substances by 2.9-fold,further constraining meth-anogenesis.The higher(1.6 vs.1.1 copies per gyrA)metabolic activity of acetate-dependent methano-genesis implied more efficient methane production in a steady mesophilic,MT-mediated system.Metagenomic binning and network analyses indicated that ST induced dysbiosis in keystone species and greatly enhanced microbial functional redundancy,causing loss of microbial syntrophic interactions and redundant metabolic pathways.In contrast,the greater microbial interconnections(average degrees 44.9 vs.22.1)in MT at a steady mesophilic state suggested that MT could better maintain necessary system functionality and stability through microbial syntrophy or specialized pathways.Adopting MT to transform thermophilic digesters into mesophilic digesters is feasible and could potentially enhance the further optimization and broader application of practical anaerobic engineering.
查看更多>>摘要：The monitoring and management of aquatic ecosystems depend on precise estimates of biodiversity.Metabarcoding analyses of environmental nucleic acids(eNAs),including environmental DNA(eDNA)and environmental RNA(eRNA),have garnered attention for their cost-effective and non-invasive bio-monitoring capabilities.However,the accuracy of biodiversity estimates obtained through eNAs can vary among different organismal groups.Here we evaluate the performance of eDNA and eRNA meta-barcoding across nine organismal groups,ranging from bacteria to terrestrial vertebrates,in three cross-sections of the Yangtze River,China.We observe robust complementarity between eDNA and eRNA data.The relative detectability of eNAs was notably influenced by major taxonomic groups and organismal sizes,with eDNA providing more robust signals for larger organisms.Both eDNA and eRNA exhibited similar cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns.However,the detectability of larger organisms declined in eRNA metabarcoding,possibly due to differential RNA release and decay among different organismal groups or sizes.While underscoring the potential of eDNA and eRNA in large river biomonitoring,we emphasize the need for differential interpretation of eDNA versus eRNA data.This highlights the importance of careful method selection and interpretation in biomonitoring studies.
Ricardo Ruiz-SánchezRicardo Arencibia-JorgeJulia TagüeñaJosé Luis Jiménez-Andrade...
405-412页
查看更多>>摘要：Ecotechnology,quintessential for crafting sustainable socio-environmental strategies,remains tantaliz-ingly uncharted.Our analysis,steered by the nuances of machine learning and augmented by biblio-metric insights,delineates the expansive terrain of this domain,elucidates pivotal research themes and conundrums,and discerns the vanguard nations in this field.Furthermore,we deftly connect our dis-coveries to the United Nations'2030 Sustainable Development Goals,thereby accentuating the profound societal ramifications of ecotechnology.
查看更多>>摘要：Looking back at over a decade of research by herself and her group,the author advocates the added value of gas phase measurements and the application of mass balances,as well as the synergetic benefits obtained when combining both.The increased application of off-gas measurements for greenhouse gas emission monitoring offers a great opportunity to look at other components in the gas phase,particularly oxygen.Mass balances should not be strictly reserved for modellers but also prove useful while con-ducting lab experiments and studying full-scale measurement data.Combining off-gas measurements with mass balances may serve not only to quantify greenhouse gas emission factors and aeration effi-ciency but also to follow dynamic concentration profiles of dissolved components without dedicated sensors and/or to calculate other unmeasured variables.Mass-balance-based data reconciliation allows for obtaining reliable and accurate data,and even more when combined with off-gas analysis.
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