查看更多>>摘要：Elemental carbon (or black carbon) (EC or BC) aerosols emitted by biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion could cause notable climate forcing. Southern Hemisphere biomass burning emissions have contributed substantially to EC deposition in Antarctica. Here, we present the seasonal variation of EC determined from aerosol samples acquired at Zhongshan Station (ZSS), East Antarctica. The concentration of EC in the atmosphere varied between 0.02 and 257.81 ng·m−3 with a mean value of 44.87±48.92 ng·m−3. The concentration of EC aerosols reached its peak in winter (59.04 ng·m−3) and was lowest (27.26 ng·m−3) in summer. Back trajectory analysis showed that biomass burning in southern South America was the major source of the EC found at ZSS, although some of it was derived from southern Australia, especially during winter. The 2019–2020 Australian bush fires had some influence on EC deposition at ZSS, especially during 2019, but the contribution diminished in 2020, leaving southern South America as the dominant source of EC.
查看更多>>摘要：Aloricate ciliates are the main component of microzooplankton. They play important roles in the circulation of materials and flow of energy in marine pelagic ecosystems. To determine the distribution pattern and structure of the aloricate ciliate community in vertically stratified waters of the Southern Ocean, we collected data on aloricate ciliates in the Cosmonaut and Cooperation Seas during the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The ranges of aloricate ciliate abundance and biomass were 5–3097 ind·L−1 and 0.01–11.40 µg C·L−1, respectively. Vertically, the average abundance of aloricate ciliates decreased from the surface to 200 m, while biomass was highest in the 50-m layer. The importance of aloricate ciliates <20 µm increased along the depth gradient. Their contribution to total abundance increased from 13.04％ in the surface layer to 73.71％ in the 200-m layer. This is the first study to explore the distribution characteristics of the aloricate ciliate community in a stratified water column of the Southern Ocean. Our results will be helpful for understanding the variation in the pelagic community in waters of the Southern Ocean with intensified stratification.
LUO YingWANG JinhuiAndrew Alexandrovich LOBANOVNatalia Sergeevna KULESHOVA...
326-335页
查看更多>>摘要：Russia's reindeer population accounts for two thirds of the world's total. There is a strong and resilient population of reindeer on the tundra, and reindeer herders inherit and transmit the unique culture of the north. Reindeer products have become the subject of innovative developments in the biopharmaceutical and healthcare products industry owing to their unique raw material properties. Because deer antlers and blood are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, significant quantities of Arctic reindeer products are likely to be sold in China. Strengthening understanding of the Russian Arctic reindeer industry will help Chinese companies invest in the Russian Arctic, promote Sino-Russian Arctic cooperation on green biomanufacturing, and lead to the development of new products that promote human health.
查看更多>>摘要：The Arctic is a region of major significance in the Earth system, particularly important for global climate and international maritime governance. As human activity, relying on manufactured equipment, steadily increases in the Arctic, technological innovations for marine equipment must support the gradually more stringent requirements for future Arctic governance. In this review, four categories of innovations are analyzed, namely: innovations driven by traditional thinking, innovations for environmental protection, innovations for practical application, and innovations for observing information systems. Two examples of international regulations, the Polar Code (adopted in 2014) and the International Standard for Arctic offshore structures of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 19906, first published in 2010), are selected to illustrate successful international cooperation efforts for Arctic marine innovation. This work provides a basis for discussion on technology development, governance efficiency, and international cooperation in the Arctic.
查看更多>>摘要：After much procrastination, the Indian government has released its much awaited and delayed Arctic Policy document on 17 March 22 with the theme being "Building a Partnership for Sustainable Development". It has been 15 years since India commenced its scientific research in the Arctic region and this policy document, charting out the direction that India aspires to assume will be keenly examined by the diverse stakeholders of the region. Despite being an Arctic Council observer for nearly a decade, India continues to view the Arctic from a mere scientific prism and yet again missed on the opportunity to elucidate her geo-economic, geostrategic, economic and geopolitical aspirations in the hugely vital region. There is no gainsaying that the research bases discreetly also act as pillars of geopolitical engagement and indirectly this scientific diplomacy ushers in peace and prevent conflict situations yet a holistic national policy enunciating a roadmap and vision for dealing in a region which has eight sovereign states, thirteen sovereign states as observers, various intergovernmental and inter-parliamentarian outfits, NGOs and a complex governance structure was much awaited.
查看更多>>摘要：Science diplomacy is attracting increasing attention in the international relations literature. This study investigates how Chinese scientists understand this term and explores China's dynamic praxis in Arctic climate governance. It conducts a theoretical and practical examination of science diplomacy in terms of three dimensions—science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science, and science for diplomacy—thus achieving a high degree of consistency. A multi-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and involving the adoption of a literature review, participant interviews, and questionnaires, is adopted. Data were collected from interviews with 16 Chinese scientists involved in Arctic climate governance and from 130 valid questionnaires collected from Chinese natural scientists working in the climate change field. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative findings, the study reveals that the three-dimensional framework of science diplomacy can provide insight into Chinese scientists' understandings of the topic. In contrast to the participants' vague theoretical responses, the outlines of China's Arctic climate governance can be clearly identified within this framework. The study concludes by underlining the tension between theory and practice in terms of science diplomacy and highlighting the emerging challenges for China in developing its Arctic science diplomacy against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict. Moreover, it is suggested that, to further develop China's Arctic science diplomacy, it is vital to take account of the deficiencies in China's science diplomacy. The study's empirical results contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of science diplomacy in the Chinese context.
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