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建筑模拟（英文版）
建筑模拟（英文版）

双月刊

1996-3599

建筑模拟（英文版）/Journal Building SimulationCSCD北大核心EISCI
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    A comprehensive benchmark dataset for the validation of building component heat,air,and moisture(HAM)models

    Xinyuan DangHans JanssenStaf Roels
    1893-1907页
    查看更多>>摘要：Numerical heat,air and moisture(HAM)modeling allows predicting hygrothermal responses of building components with higher efficiency and less effort than laboratory experiments and field measurements.However,inaccuracy and/or incorrectness may appear in the predictions for the same case through different HAM models,primarily due to limitations or deviations in the description of physical phenomena and/or the implementation of mathematical algorithms.User preferences,biases,and/or mistakes with respect to implementing material properties,boundary conditions and other factors may also yield disparity.While a correct implementation of the numerical models is typically verified by the developers,the validity of the HAM models may remain questionable without the confrontation with experimental datasets.However,well-determined criteria and well-documented datasets for establishing the correct prediction of the transient hygrothermal responses of building components by HAM models remain very scarce.To address this issue,a dedicated benchmark experiment was conducted in the hot box-cold box(HB-CB)setup at KU Leuven,Belgium,on four wall assemblies composed of calcium silicate board,mineral wool,wood fiber board,and vapour barrier in different orders.Temperature,relative humidity,heat fluxes and moisture masses,as hygrothermal responses,were monitored under quasi-steady state boundary conditions.Full-scale characterization of the materials from the same batch was performed,along with a determination of the surface transport coefficients within the HB-CB setup.This comprehensive dataset allows a proper model validation by incorporating experimental datasets of material properties and surface transport coefficients and by confronting simulated hygrothermal responses with experimental evidence.In addition,sensitivity analysis can be performed to obtain insights into the impact of uncertainties in characterizing material properties on hygrothermal simulation predictions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Future trends in intelligent lighting control systems:Integrated technologies,multi-system linkage and AI integration

    Jiaxin ChenJingjing AnDa YanXin Zhou...
    1909-1932页
    查看更多>>摘要：Lighting energy consumption accounts for a considerable proportion of the total electricity consumption of a building;therefore,the lighting system of a building has great potential for energy saving.With the development of technology,intelligent lighting control systems are widely used in buildings and have good energy-saving effects.Previous reviews of intelligent lighting control systems have analyzed the research progress,advantages,and limitations of a single technology in depth,but have not yet summarized the combination of various technologies and the scope of application.Therefore,this study starts from the components of intelligent lighting control system and focuses on the data acquisition module and control module.Researches on these two modules are analyzed from the aspects of multi-technology combination,combination with artificial intelligence and multi-system considerations,and the application scope and limitations of the related technologies are summarized to provide references for future engineering practice.Finally,based on the development overview of current research,this study explores research directions that can be further expanded in intelligent lighting control systems to handle future development trends.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Inequalities in urban thermal and greenspace exposures:A case study for China's Greater Bay Area from 2010 to 2020

    Xue ZhongLihua ZhaoPeng RenYuanjian Teng...
    1933-1949页
    查看更多>>摘要：The interaction between humans and their environment significantly impacts the health of urban residents.However,there is limited research on assessing the spatiotemporal variations of human thermal exposure as well as inequalities and their relationships with greenspace based on remote sensing data,especially in developing countries.This study offers a framework utilizing pixel-wise data on land surface coolness index(LSCI),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and population metrics to evaluate population-weighted thermal and greenspace exposures in China's Greater Bay Area(GBA)over eleven years(2010-2020).It further examines thermal exposure inequality using the Gini index and explores both natural and socio-economical drivers of thermal exposure and its inequality.The results indicate an increasing trend of cities within the GBA being experiencing detrimental thermal conditions.Over the study period,the proportion of cities with high exposure to LSCI and NDVI exhibited a general decline.Approximately 63.6％of major cities observed growing imbalances in LSCI and NDVI exposures over eleven years.Notably,there were positive correlations between NDVI exposure and LSCI exposure,along with their associated inequalities.Moreover,coastal cities characterized by lower elevations,higher precipitation rates,and rapid economic growth experienced higher levels of LSCI and NDVI exposures yet these cities also demonstrated greater disparities.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Simulation of a novel curved photovoltaic(PV)window improving the annual daylighting and building energy performance simultaneously

    Fangfang GongYuan GaoXinyi TianJun Wang...
    1951-1969页
    查看更多>>摘要：Building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV)windows impact building performance by balancing daylighting availability,visual comfort,solar power generation,and building energy consumption.Optimizing this balance is crucial for improving overall building energy efficiency and indoor environment quality.This study introduces a novel curved photovoltaic window design aimed at increasing daylight transmittance while maintaining the same photovoltaic area as a flat PV window.The annual daylighting availability,visual comfort and building energy performance of three types of flat/curved PV windows(180°,120°,0°-flat)in a reference office room was comparatively studied across five different climate zones in China(Xiamen,Harbin,Nanjing,Kunming,and Beijing).The PV model was validated by the experimental data.The results showed that the room with curved PV windows had significantly higher daylighting availability compared to flat windows,with the growth rates of the spatial useful daylight illuminance ranging of 3.94％-4.78％and 5.56％-5.94％,respectively,for the curved PV windows at central angles of 120° and 180° across different climate zones.The 120° curved PV windows achieved the lowest net energy used intensity(Net_EUI),suggesting the advantages of curved PV windows and proposed the existence of an optimal curvature for achieving the lowest Net_EUI.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Mitigation of long-term heat extraction attenuation of U-type medium-deep borehole heat exchanger by climate change

    Jinghua JiangXia ZhangJun LiuYongjun Sun...
    1971-1987页
    查看更多>>摘要：U-type medium-deep borehole heat exchanger(U-MDBHE)is a sustainable building heating technology.Current studies assess the long-term thermal performance of U-MDBHE using typical meteorological year weather data.The conclusions indicate a discernible deterioration in the thermal performance of U-MDBHE attributed to heat extraction attenuation.The thermal performance deterioration leads to the oversize of U-MDBHE and hinders the widespread application of U-MDBHE.This study introduces a novel idea that the long-term thermal performance of U-MDBHE should be evaluated considering climate change(CC)and verifies that the favorable effects of CC on the thermal performance of U-MDBHE can effectively mitigate the adverse effect of heat extraction attenuation.The favorable effects of CC include reducing the heating demand(due to the reduced building heating load(BHL)caused by CC)and improving the heating supply capacity(due to the enhanced outlet temperature caused by CC).In addition,the reduced BHL under CC enhances the inlet temperature of U-MDBHE,thereby improving its operation safety.CC mitigates the heat extraction attenuation of U-MDBHE,with the strongest effect in the ascending well,followed by the descending well,and then the butted well.Case studies using experimentally validated simulations on the 30-year operation of U-MDBHE demonstrate that by mitigating the adverse effect of the heat extraction attenuation,CC reduces the accumulated energy consumption by 14.31％-26.59％and improves the operation safety by up to 100％in Harbin(severe cold region)and Beijing(cold region).This study significantly contributes to improving the long-term thermal performance of U-MDBHE.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Developing a method for calculating the mean outdoor radiant temperature for thermal stress in Guangzhou

    Xiaoqing ZhouTianwei TangXiwen FengNaiping Gao...
    1989-2006页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cities around the world are exposed to increasing heat stress as a result of the heat island effect exacerbated by extreme weather events,population growth and increased urbanization.To promote outdoor activities and protect human health,there is an urgent need for a tool to assess the outdoor thermal environment.While the air temperature(Ta)and relative humidity(RH)are usually available from weather stations,but the mean radiant temperature(MRT)cannot.The MRT is a key variable in determining outdoor thermal comfort.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a simple and accurate method for calculating MRT,in order to compute the corresponding thermal indices,which can be used to assess the thermal environment more accurately.This study was conducted at a university in Guangzhou,China.Four different ground-cover surfaces(concrete,asphalt,lawn,and granite)were selected for study.The Ta,black-globe temperature(Tg),long-wave(L),and short-wave(K)radiation in six directions,and wind speeds(Va)were measured under unshaded conditions.The MRT obtained by the six-direction integral method was used as the base value and regression analyses were performed with Ta,K↓(downward short-wave),and Va.In addition,the six indices—significance(P),linear regression coefficient(R2),consistency index(d),root mean square error(RMSE),mean bias error(MBE),and mean absolute error(MAE)—were used for quantitative analysis to explore the feasibility of this method.This study compared five calculation models on MRT:MRTSDIM(six-direction integral method),MRTBGTM-Va-0.1Hz(black-globe thermometer method,0.1 Hz wind speed measurement frequency),MRTBGTM-Va-10Hz(black-globe thermometer method,10 Hz wind speed measurement frequency),MRTBGTM-P(polynomial regression based on black-globe thermometer method),and MRTSDIM-P(polynomial regression based on six-direction integral method).The MRTSDIM was used as a baseline value,and the values obtained by other four methods were discussed and validated separately.The results show that the calculation model about MRTSDIM-P has a relatively minimal error with the values ≤ 5 ℃,which satisfies the accuracy requirements for thermal stress.Finally,the data from each area weather station were substituted into the model and compared with the actual measurement days,and the monthly mean and maximum universal thermal climate index(UTCI)were calculated for the entire Guangzhou daytime in 2022.The results obtained from the weather station data calculations fit well with the measured data.Consequently,this study provides a simple method of calculation for outdoor mean radiant temperature.Further,based on the calculated thermal indices,recommendations can be provided for outdoor work and activities.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Smartphone-based colorimetric detection of formaldehyde in the air

    Meng YangJin YeTao YuYing Song...
    2007-2015页
    查看更多>>摘要：Adverse impacts of exposure to formaldehyde on human health significantly increases attention in monitoring formaldehyde concentrations in the air.Conventional formaldehyde detection methods typically rely on large and costly instruments and requires high skills of expertise,preventing it from being widely accessible to civilians.This study introduced a novel approach utilizing smartphone-based colorimetric analysis.Changes of green channel signals of digital images by a smartphone successfully capture variation of purple color of 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol solution,which is proportional to formaldehyde concentrations.It is because that green and purple are complimentary color pairs.A calibration curve was established between green channel signals and formaldehyde concentrations,with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.Detection limit of the smartphone-based method is 0.008 mg/m3.Measurement errors decrease as formaldehyde concentrations increase,with median relative errors of 34％,17％,and 6％for concentration ranges of 0-0.06 mg/m3,0.06-0.12 mg/m3,and 0.12-0.35 mg/m3,respectively.This method replaced scientific instrumentation with ordinary items,greatly reducing cost and operation bars.It would provide an opportunity to realize onsite measurements for formaldehyde by occupants themselves and increase awareness of air quality for better health protection.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    An integrated framework utilizing machine learning to accelerate the optimization of energy-efficient urban block forms

    Ke LiuXiaodong XuRan ZhangLingyu Kong...
    2017-2042页
    查看更多>>摘要：Urban block form significantly impacts energy and environmental performance.Therefore,optimizing urban block design in the early stages contributes to enhancing urban energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.However,widely used multi-objective optimization methods based on performance simulation face the challenges of high computational loads and low efficiency.This study introduces a framework using machine learning,especially the XGBoost model,to accelerate multi-objective optimization of energy-efficient urban block forms.A residential block in Nanjing serves as the case study.The framework commences with a parametric block form model driven by design variables,focusing on minimizing building energy consumption(EUI),maximizing photovoltaic energy generation(PVE)and outdoor sunlight hours(SH).Data generated through Latin Hypercube Sampling and performance simulations inform the model training.Through training and hyperparameter tuning,XGBoost's predictive accuracy was validated against artificial neural network(ANN),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF)models.Subsequently,XGBoost replaced traditional performance simulations,conducting multi-objective optimization via the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm.Results showcase the framework's significant acceleration of the optimization process,improving computational efficiency by over 420 times and producing 185 Pareto optimal solutions with improved performance metrics.SHAP analysis highlighted shape factor(SF),building density(BD),and building orientation(BO)as key morphological parameters influencing EUI,PVE,and SH.This study presents an efficient approach to energy-efficient urban block design,contributing valuable insights for sustainable urban development.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Influencing factors of long-term thermal comfort in office buildings

    Peixian LiXiangjun ZhaoNaiping GaoMaohui Luo...
    2043-2061页
    查看更多>>摘要：While previous research has explored factors influencing point-in-time thermal comfort,the mechanisms behind long-term thermal comfort remain elusive.This study utilized cognitive psychology theory to identify factors influencing long-term thermal comfort through statistical analyses of surveys across China and physical measurements in three Shanghai offices.Six of the 17 investigated factors exhibited strong linear relationships with long-term thermal comfort.The findings confirmed the existence of the Primacy Effect,Perceptual Bias,Recency Bias,and Peak-End Rule in long-term thermal evaluation,highlighting the impact of initial perceptions,past adverse experiences,and current comfort levels on one's long-term thermal comfort.The study also indicated that these cognitive biases are primarily psychological and independent of the physical environment.Factors such as age,gender,climate,and controllability,which affect short-term thermal comfort,did not significantly impact long-term comfort.This research is one of the earliest attempts to understand long-term thermal comfort,underscoring its complexity and providing valuable insights for building managers and researchers aiming to enhance thermal comfort in office settings.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Comparative study of development scenarios to decipher carbon emissions of new/old campuses in China with urban building energy model:A case study of Southeast University

    Yuanhao JiaoHailu WeiWei WangMengting Zhang...
    2063-2082页
    查看更多>>摘要：The students receiving higher education boosted a total increase of 416.45％in China in last 20 years,resulting in newly built campuses reaching over 4.4 billion m2.Therefore,implementing low-carbon development on university campuses is an important part of achieving carbon neutrality in China.In this study,the old and new campuses of Southeast University in China were selected and the Rhino Grasshopper tool was used to create and calibrate their energy model with real electricity data to ensure the 20％error range.The calibrated energy model was used to set up four base scenarios under different development paths in year 2030 and 2050,including natural development,campus construction,policy-oriented,and sustainable development.The simulation indicates that campus construction leads to the greatest increase in carbon emissions,with the old campus and new campus experiencing a 16.7％and 162.9％rise,respectively,compared to the current situation.In contrast,policy-oriented scenarios result in the most significant reduction in emissions,decreasing by 121.4％and 114.5％for each scenario,respectively.Only policy-driven approaches will enable both campuses to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.The driving factor decomposition analysis indicates that in no-policy-intervention scenarios,the primary contributors to carbon emissions are short-term climate fluctuations and aging equipment.Conversely,in scenarios with government intervention,the pivotal elements are the implementation of renewable energy and the development of low-carbon technologies.The results of the static scenario combination show that the old campus has a significant lower average carbon emission of 7,080 t than 279,090 t of the new campus in 2050.However,the new campus shows higher potential,with a proportion of 38.3％achieving carbon neutrality in the combination results,compared to 17.2％for the old campus.The study results offer insights into the pathway for universities to achieve carbon neutrality,emphasizing the significance of policy direction and the adoption of renewable energy.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据