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科学通报（英文版）
科学通报（英文版）

周光召

旬刊

1001-6538

csb@scichina.com

010-64036120

100717

北京东黄城根北街16号

科学通报（英文版）/Journal Chinese Science BulletinEISCI
查看更多>>《科学通报》创刊于1950年，是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社承办的自然科学综合性学术刊物，报道自然科学各学科基础理论和应用研究方面具有创新性和和高水平的、具有重要意义的最新研究成果，要求文章的可读性强，能在一个比较宽范的学术领域产生深刻的影响。我们的目标是：成为国内外读者了解中国乃至世界范围的自然科学各研究领域最新成果的主要窗口之一。《科学通报》进入了国际上主要检索系统，如CA，EI，日本《科技速报》和美国科学信息研究所（ISI）的以下系统：Science Citation Index(SCI-CDE)，SCISearch，Current Contents(PC&E)和Research Alert。
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    Practical four-electron zinc-iodine aqueous batteries enabled by orbital hybridization induced adsorption-catalysis

    Tingting LiuChengjun LeiHuijian WangChen Xu...
    1674-1685页
    查看更多>>摘要：The successive I-/I0/I+redox couples in the four-electron zinc-iodine aqueous battery(4eZIB)is plagued by the instability of the electrophilic I+species,which could either be hydrolyzed or be neutralized by the I3 redox intermediates.We present an adsorption-catalysis approach that effectively suppresses the hydrolysis of ICl species and also provides an enhanced reaction kinetics to surpass the formation of trii-odide ions.We elucidate that the improved stability is attributed to the pronounced orbital hybridization between the d orbitals of Fe-N4 moieties(atomic Fe supported on nitrogen doped carbon)and the p orbi-tals of iodine species(I2 and ICl).Such d-p orbital hybridization leads to enhanced adsorption for iodine species,increased energy barrier for proton detachment from the ICl·HOH intermediate during hydroly-sis,and efficient catalysis of the iodine redox reactions with high conversion efficiency.The proposed 4eZIB demonstrates practical areal capacity(＞3 mAh cm-2)with a near-unity coulombic efficiency,high energy density of 420 Wh kg-1(based on cathode mass),and long-term stability(over 10,000 cycles).Even at-20 ℃,the battery exhibits stable performance for over 1000 cycles with high iodine utilization ratio.
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    Triple-function eutectic solvent additive for high performance lithium metal batteries

    Wenqiang FangZuxin WenFenglin WangLong Chen...
    1686-1696页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rational carbonate electrolyte chemistry is critical for the development of high-voltage lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the implementation of traditional carbonate electrolyte is greatly hindered by the generation of an unstable electrode interphase and corrosive by-product(HF).Herein,we propose a triple-function eutectic solvent additive of N-methylacetamide(NmAc)with LiNO3 to enhance the sta-bility and compatibility of carbonate electrolyte.Firstly,the addition of NmAc significantly improves the solubility of LiNO3 in carbonate electrolyte by forming an eutectic pair,which regulates the Li+solvation structure and leads to dense and homogenous Li plating.Secondly,the hydrolysis of acidic PF5 is effec-tively alleviated due to the strong complexation of NmAc with PF5,thus reducing the generation of cor-rosive HF.In addition,the optimized cathode electrolyte interphase layer decreases the structural degradation and transition metal dissolution.Consequently,Li‖LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622)cells with the designed electrolyte deliver superior long-term cycle reversibility and excellent rate capability.This study unveils the rationale for incorporating eutectic solvent additives within carbonate electrolytes,which significantly contribute to the advancement of their practical application for high-voltage LMBs.
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    Direct lithium extraction from spent batteries for efficient lithium recycling

    Wei LiuMengchuang LiuFenfen MaMingsheng Qin...
    1697-1705页
    查看更多>>摘要：The flourishing expansion of the lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)market has led to a surge in the demand for lithium resources.Developing efficient recycling technologies for imminent large-scale retired LIBs can significantly facilitate the sustainable utilization of lithium resources.Here,we successfully extract active lithium from spent LIBs through a simple,efficient,and low-energy-consumption chemical leaching pro-cess at room temperature,using a solution comprised of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ether sol-vents.The mechanism of lithium extraction is elucidated by clarifying the relationship between the redox potential and extraction efficiency.More importantly,the reclaimed active lithium is directly employed to fabricate LiFePO4 cathode with performance comparable to commercial materials.When implemented in 56 Ah prismatic cells,the cells deliver stable cycling properties with a capacity retention of～90％after 1200 cycles.Compared with the other strategies,this technical approach shows superior economic ben-efits and practical promise.It is anticipated that this method may redefine the recycling paradigm for retired LIBs and drive the sustainable development of industries.
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    Retarding anion migration for alleviating concentration polarization towards stable polymer lithium-metal batteries

    Manying CuiYanyang QinZhichao LiHongyang Zhao...
    1706-1715页
    查看更多>>摘要：Traditional dual-ion lithium salts have been widely used in solid polymer lithium-metal batteries(LMBs).Nevertheless,concentration polarization caused by uncontrolled migration of free anions has severely caused the growth of lithium dendrites.Although single-ion conductor polymers(SICP)have been devel-oped to reduce concentration polarization,the poor ionic conductivity caused by low carrier concentra-tion limits their application.Herein,a dual-salt quasi-solid polymer electrolyte(QSPE),containing the SICP network as a salt and traditional dual-ion lithium salt,is designed for retarding the movement of free anions and simultaneously providing sufficient effective carriers to alleviate concentration polariza-tion.The dual salt network of this designed QSPE is prepared through in-situ crosslinking copolymeriza-tion of SICP monomer,regular ionic conductor,crosslinker with the presence of the dual-ion lithium salt,delivering a high lithium-ion transference number(0.75)and satisfactory ionic conductivity(1.16 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 30 ℃).Comprehensive characterizations combined with theoretical calculation demonstrate that polyanions from SICP exerts a potential repulsive effect on the transport of free anions to reduce concentration polarization inhibiting lithium dendrites.As a consequence,the Li‖LiFePO4 cell achieves a long-cycle stability for 2000 cycles and a 90％capacity retention at 30 ℃.This work provides a new perspective for reducing concentration polarization and simultaneously enabling enough lithium-ions migration for high-performance polymer LMBs.
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    Enhanced reduction of graphene oxide via laser-dispersion coupling:Towards large-scale,low-defect graphene for crease-free heat-dissipating membranes in advanced flexible electronics

    Jiawei SunYuwei XiongHaiyang JiaLongxiang Han...
    1716-1727页
    查看更多>>摘要：The advancement of flexible electronics demands improved components,necessitating heat dissipation membranes(HDMs)to exhibit high thermal conductivity while maintaining structural integrity and per-formance stability even after extensive deformation.Herein,we have devised a laser-modulated reduc-tion technique for graphene oxide(GO),enabling the fabrication of high-quality,large-scale,low-defect graphene,which yields high-performance HDMs after orderly deposition.The work underscores the crucial role of the laser wavelength and dispersion liquid's coupling intensity in influencing the mor-phology and properties of graphene.Optimal coupling effect and energy conversion are realized when a laser of 1064 nm wavelength irradiates a triethylene glycol(TEG)/N,N-Dimethylformamide(DMF)disper-sion.This unique synergy generates high transient energy,which facilitates the deprotonation process and ensures a swift,comprehensive GO reduction.In contrast to conventional water-based laser reduc-tion methods,the accelerated reaction magnifies the size of the graphene sheets by mitigating the abla-tion effect.After membrane construction with an ordered structure,the corresponding membrane exhibits a high thermal conductivity of 1632 W m-1 K-1,requiring only～1/10 of the total preparation time required by other reported methods.Remarkably,the resulting HDM demonstrates superior resili-ence against creasing and folding,maintaining excellent smoothness and negligible reduction in thermal conductivity after violent rubbing.The combination of exceptional flexibility and thermal conductivity in HDMs paves the way for long-term practical use in the flexible electronics industry.
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    Realizing high-efficiency thermoelectric module by suppressing donor-like effect and improving preferred orientation in n-type Bi2(Te,Se)3

    Yichen LiShulin BaiYi WenZhe Zhao...
    1728-1737页
    查看更多>>摘要：Thermoelectric materials have a wide range of application because they can be directly used in refriger-ation and power generation.And the Bi2Te3 stand out because of its excellent thermoelectric performance and are used in commercial thermoelectric devices.However,n-type Bi2Te3 has seriously hindered the development of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric devices due to its weak mechanical properties and inferior thermoelectric performance.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a high-performance n-type Bi2Te3 poly-crystalline.In this work,we employed interstitial Cu and the hot deformation process to optimize the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te2.7Se0.3,and a high-performance thermoelectric module was fabricated based on this material.Our combined theoretical and experimental effort indicates that the interstitial Cu reduce the defect density in the matrix and suppresses the donor-like effect,leading to a lattice plainifi-cation effect in the material.In addition,the two-step hot deformation process significantly improves the preferred orientation of the material and boosts the mobility.As a result,a maximum ZT of 1.27 at 373 K and a remarkable high ZTave of 1.22 across the temperature range of 300-425 K are obtained.The ther-moelectric generator(TEG,7-pair)and thermoelectric cooling(TEC,127-pair)modules were fabricated with our n-type textured Cu0.01Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 coupled with commercial p-type Bi2Te3.The TEC module demonstrates superior cooling efficiency compared with the commercial Bi2Te3 device,achieving a ΔT of 65 and 83.4 K when the hot end temperature at 300 and 350 K,respectively.In addition,the TEG mod-ule attains an impressive conversion efficiency of 6.5％at a ΔT of 225 K,which is almost the highest value among the reported Bi2Te3-based TEG modules.
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    Enhancing neural encoding models for naturalistic perception with a multi-level integration of deep neural networks and cortical networks

    Yuanning LiHuzheng YangShi Gu
    1738-1747页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cognitive neuroscience aims to develop computational models that can accurately predict and explain neural responses to sensory inputs in the cortex.Recent studies attempt to leverage the representation power of deep neural networks(DNNs)to predict the brain response and suggest a correspondence between artificial and biological neural networks in their feature representations.However,typical voxel-wise encoding models tend to rely on specific networks designed for computer vision tasks,leading to suboptimal brain-wide correspondence during cognitive tasks.To address this challenge,this work proposes a novel approach that upgrades voxel-wise encoding models through multi-level integration of features from DNNs and information from brain networks.Our approach combines DNN feature-level ensemble learning and brain atlas-level model integration,resulting in significant improvements in predicting whole-brain neural activity during naturalistic video perception.Furthermore,this multi-level integration framework enables a deeper understanding of the brain's neural representation mech-anism,accurately predicting the neural response to complex visual concepts.We demonstrate that neural encoding models can be optimized by leveraging a framework that integrates both data-driven approaches and theoretical insights into the functional structure of the cortical networks.
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    Potential rapid intraoperative cancer diagnosis using dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography and deep learning:A prospective cohort study in breast cancer patients

    Shuwei ZhangBin YangHoupu YangJin Zhao...
    1748-1756页
    查看更多>>摘要：An intraoperative diagnosis is critical for precise cancer surgery.However,traditional intraoperative assessments based on hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)histology,such as frozen section,are time-,resource-,and labor-intensive,and involve specimen-consuming concerns.Here,we report a near-real-time automated cancer diagnosis workflow for breast cancer that combines dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography(D-FFOCT),a label-free optical imaging method,and deep learning for bedside tumor diagnosis during surgery.To classify the benign and malignant breast tissues,we conducted a prospective cohort trial.In the modeling group(n=182),D-FFOCT images were captured from April 26 to June 20,2018,encompassing 48 benign lesions,114 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC),10 invasive lobular carcinoma,4 ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS),and 6 rare tumors.Deep learning model was built up and fine-tuned in 10,357 D-FFOCT patches.Subsequently,from June 22 to August 17,2018,indepen-dent tests(n=42)were conducted on 10 benign lesions,29 IDC,1 DCIS,and 2 rare tumors.The model yielded excellent performance,with an accuracy of 97.62％,sensitivity of 96.88％and specificity of 100％;only one IDC was misclassified.Meanwhile,the acquisition of the D-FFOCT images was non-destructive and did not require any tissue preparation or staining procedures.In the simulated intraop-erative margin evaluation procedure,the time required for our novel workflow(approximately 3 min)was significantly shorter than that required for traditional procedures(approximately 30 min).These findings indicate that the combination of D-FFOCT and deep learning algorithms can streamline intraop-erative cancer diagnosis independently of traditional pathology laboratory procedures.
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    Intraplate thrust orogeny of the Altai Mountains revealed by deep seismic reflection

    Lei ZhangLianfeng ZhaoLiang ZhaoXiaobi Xie...
    1757-1766页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Altai orogen is a typical intracontinental orogen in Central Asia that experienced far-field deforma-tion associated with Indian-Eurasian plate convergence.This region is characterized by uplift comparable to that of the Tianshan Mountains but has a distinct strain rate.Half of the Indo-Asia strain is accommo-dated by the Tianshan Mountains,whereas the Altai Mountains accommodates only 10％.To elucidate how the Altai Mountains produced such a large amount of uplift with only one-fifth of the strain rate of the Tianshan Mountains,we constructed a detailed crustal image of the Altai Mountains based on a new 166.8-km deep seismic reflection profile.The prestack migration images reveal an antiform within the Erqis crust,an～10 km Moho offset between the Altai arc and the East Junggar area,and a major south-dipping(30° dip)thrust in the lower crust beneath the Altai Mountains,which is connected to the Moho offset.The south-dipping thrust not only records the southward subduction of the Ob-Zaisan Ocean in the Paleozoic but also controlled the Altai deformation pattern in the Cenozoic with the Erqis antiform.The Erqis antiform prevented the extension of deformation to the Junggar crust.The south-dipping thrust in the lower crust of the Altai area caused extrusion of the lower crust,generating uplift at the surface,thickening of the crust,and steep(～10 km)Moho deepening in the Altai Mountains.This process significantly widened the deformation zone of the Altai Mountains.These findings provide a new geodynamic model for describing how inherited crustal structure controls intraplate deformation with-out strong horizontal stress.
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    The Late Cretaceous eutherian Zalambdalestes reveals unique axis and complex evolution of the mammalian neck

    Patrick ArnoldKatarzyna JaniszewskaQian LiJingmai K.O'Connor...
    1767-1775页
    查看更多>>摘要：The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1-C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern mammals.This structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social interactions.Eutheria,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the Mesozoic.Yet very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2-C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion analysis.We compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian spe-cies(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark analysis.The results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living mammals.Virtual range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its size.These findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.
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