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科学通报（英文版）
科学通报（英文版）

周光召

旬刊

1001-6538

csb@scichina.com

010-64036120

100717

北京东黄城根北街16号

科学通报（英文版）/Journal Chinese Science BulletinEISCI
查看更多>>《科学通报》创刊于1950年，是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社承办的自然科学综合性学术刊物，报道自然科学各学科基础理论和应用研究方面具有创新性和和高水平的、具有重要意义的最新研究成果，要求文章的可读性强，能在一个比较宽范的学术领域产生深刻的影响。我们的目标是：成为国内外读者了解中国乃至世界范围的自然科学各研究领域最新成果的主要窗口之一。《科学通报》进入了国际上主要检索系统，如CA，EI，日本《科技速报》和美国科学信息研究所（ISI）的以下系统：Science Citation Index(SCI-CDE)，SCISearch，Current Contents(PC&E)和Research Alert。
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    Unsupervised machine learning reveals eigen reactivity of metal surfaces

    Fengyuan WeiLin Zhuang
    756-762页
    查看更多>>摘要：The reactivity of metal surfaces is a cornerstone concept in chemistry,as metals have long been used as catalysts to accelerate chemical reactions.Although fundamentally important,the reactivity of metal sur-faces has hitherto not been explicitly defined.For example,in order to compare the activity of two metal surfaces,a particular probe adsorbate,such as O,H,or CO,has to be specified,as comparisons may vary from probe to probe.Here we report that the metal surfaces actually have their own intrinsic/eigen reac-tivity,independent of any probe adsorbate.By employing unsupervised machine learning algorithms,specifically,principal component analysis(PCA),two dominant eigenvectors emerged from the binding strength dataset formed by 10 commonly used probes on 48 typical metal surfaces.According to their chemical characteristics revealed by vector decomposition,these two eigenvectors can be defined as the covalent reactivity and the ionic reactivity,respectively.Whereas the ionic reactivity turns out to be related to the work function of the metal surface,the covalent reactivity cannot be indexed by simple physical properties,but appears to be roughly connected with the valence-electron number normalized density of states at the Fermi level.Our findings expose that the metal surface reactivity is essentially a two-dimensional vector rather than a scalar,opening new horizons for understanding interactions at the metal surface.
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    Ultrafine Ru nanoparticles stabilized by V8C7/C for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction at all pH

    Yanju LongYong ShenPingping JiangHui Su...
    763-771页
    查看更多>>摘要：The development of cost-effective electrocatalysts with high efficiency and long durability for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a great challenge in the field of water splitting.Herein,we design an ultrafine and highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles stabilized on porous V8C7/C matrix via pyrolysis of the metal-organic frameworks V-BDC(BDC:1,4-benzenedicarboxylate).The obtained Ru-V8C7/C composite exhibits excellent HER performance in all pH ranges.At the overpotential of 40 mV,its mass activity is about 1.9,4.1 and 9.4 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C in acidic,neutral and alkaline media,respectively.Meanwhile,Ru-V8C7/C shows the remarkably high stability in all pH ranges which,in par-ticular,can maintain the current density of 10 mA cm-2 for over 150 h in 1.0 mol L-1 phosphate buffer saline(PBS).This outstanding HER performance can be attributed to the high intrinsic activity of Ru spe-cies and their strong interface interactions to the V8C7/C substrate.The synergistic effect of abundant active sites on the surface and the formed Ru-C-V units at the interface promotes the adsorption of reac-tion intermediates and the release of active sites,contributing the fast HER kinetics.This work provides a reference for developing versatile and robust HER catalysts by surface and interface regulation for pH tolerance.
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    Aluminum ion chemistry of Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)for all-climate full Na-ion battery

    Jinqiang GaoJingyao ZengWeishun JianYu Mei...
    772-783页
    查看更多>>摘要：Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7)(NFPP)is currently drawing increased attention as a sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)cath-ode due to the cost-effective and NASICON-type structure features.Owing to the sluggish electron and Na+conductivities,however,its real implementation is impeded by the grievous capacity decay and infe-rior rate capability.Herein,multivalent cation substituted microporous Na3.9Fe2.9Al0.1(PO4)2(P2O7)(NFAPP)with wide operation-temperature is elaborately designed through regulating structure/interface coupled electron/ion transport.Greatly,the derived Na vacancy and charge rearrangement induced by trivalent Al3+substitution lower the ions diffusion barriers,thereby endowing faster electron transport and Na+mobility.More importantly,the existing Al-O-P bonds strengthen the local environment and alleviate the volume vibration during(de)sodiation,enabling highly reversible valence variation and structural evolution.As a result,remarkable cyclability(over 10,000 loops),ultrafast rate capability(200 C),and exceptional all-climate stability(-40-60 ℃)in half/full cells are demonstrated.Given this,the rational work might provide an actionable strategy to promote the electrochemical property of NFPP,thus unveiling the great application prospect of sodium iron mixed phosphate materials.
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    sRNAminer:A multifunctional toolkit for next-generation sequencing small RNA data mining in plants

    Guanliang LiChengjie ChenPeike ChenBlake C.Meyers...
    784-791页
    查看更多>>摘要：Small RNAs(sRNAs),found extensively in plants,play an essential role in plant growth and development.Although various sRNA analysis tools have been developed for plants,the use of most of them depends on programming and command-line environments,which is a challenge for many wet-lab biologists.Furthermore,current sRNA analysis tools mostly focus on the analysis of certain type of sRNAs and are resource-intensive,normally demanding an immense amount of time and effort to learn the use of numerous tools or scripts and assemble them into a workable pipeline to get the final results.Here,we present sRNAminer,a powerful stand-alone toolkit with a user-friendly interface that integrates all common functions for the analysis of three major types of plant sRNAs:microRNAs(miRNAs),phased small interfering RNAs(phasiRNAs),and heterochromatic siRNAs(hc-siRNAs).We constructed a curated or"golden"set of MIRNA and PHAS loci,which was used to assess the performance of sRNAminer in com-parison to other existing tools.The results showed that sRNAminer outperformed these tools in multiple aspects,highlighting its functionality.In addition,to enable an efficient evaluation of sRNA annotation results,we developed Integrative Genomics Viewer(IGV)-sRNA,a modified genome browser optimized from IGV and we incorporated it as a functional module in sRNAminer.IGV-sRNA can display a wealth of sRNA-specific features,enabling a more comprehensive understanding of sRNA data.sRNAminer and IGV-sRNA are both platform-independent software that can be run under all operating systems.They are now freely available at https://github.com/kli28/sRNAminer and https://gitee.com/CJchen/IG V-sRNA.
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    Decoding silkworm spinning programmed by pH and metal ions

    Kai SongYejing WangWenjie DongZhenzhen Li...
    792-802页
    查看更多>>摘要：Silk is one of the toughest fibrous materials known despite spun at ambient temperature and pressure with water as a solvent.It is a great challenge to reproduce high-performance artificial fibers comparable to natural silk by bionic for the incomplete understanding of silkworm spinning in vivo.Here,we found that amphipol and digitonin stabilized the structure of natural silk fibroin(NSF)by a large-scale screen-ing in vitro,and then studied the close-to-native ultrastructure and hierarchical assembly of NSF in the silk gland lumen.Our study showed that NSF formed reversible flexible nanofibrils mainly composed of random coils with a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8 S and a diameter of about 4 nm,rather than a micellar or rod-like structure assembled by the aggregation of globular NSF molecules.Metal ions were required for NSF nanofibril formation.The successive pH decrease from posterior silk gland(PSG)to ante-rior silk gland(ASG)resulted in a gradual increase in NSF hydrophobicity,thus inducing the sol-gelation transition of NSF nanofibrils.NSF nanofibrils were randomly dispersed from PSG to ASG-1,and self-assembled into anisotropic herringbone patterns at ASG-2 near the spinneret ready for silkworm spinning.Our findings reveal the controlled self-assembly mechanism of the multi-scale hierarchical architecture of NSF from nanofibrils to herringbone patterns programmed by metal ions and pH gradient,which provides novel insights into the spinning mechanism of silk-secreting animals and bioinspired design of high-performance fibers.
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    Modulator of TMB-associated immune infiltration(MOTIF)predicts immunotherapy response and guides combination therapy

    Zheng-Yu QianYi-Qian PanXue-Xin LiYan-Xing Chen...
    803-822页
    查看更多>>摘要：Patients with high tumor mutational burden(TMB)levels do not consistently respond to immune check-point inhibitors(ICIs),possibly because a high TMB level does not necessarily result in adequate infiltra-tion of CD8+T cells.Using bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing(RNA-seq)data from 9311 tumor samples across 30 cancer types,we developed a novel tool called the modulator of TMB-associated immune infil-tration(MOTIF),which comprises genes that can determine the extent of CD8+T cell infiltration prompted by a certain TMB level.We confirmed that MOTIF can accurately reflect the integrity and defects of the cancer-immunity cycle.By analyzing 84 human single-cell RNA-seq datasets from 32 types of solid tumors,we revealed that MOTIF can provide insights into the diverse roles of various cell types in the modulation of CD8+T cell infiltration.Using pretreatment RNA-seq data from 13 ICI-treated cohorts,we validated the use of MOTIF in predicting CD8+T cell infiltration and ICI efficacy.Among the compo-nents of MOTIF,we identified EMC3 as a negative regulator of CD8+T cell infiltration,which was validated via in vivo studies.Additionally,MOTIF provided guidance for the potential combinations of programmed death 1 blockade with certain immunostimulatory drugs to facilitate CD8+T cell infiltration and improve ICI efficacy.
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    Accelerated marine carbon cycling forced by tectonic degassing over the Miocene Climate Optimum

    Fenghao LiuJinlong DuEnqing HuangWentao Ma...
    823-832页
    查看更多>>摘要：Global warming during the Miocene Climate Optimum(MCO,～17-14 million years ago)is associated with massive carbon emissions sourced from the flood basalt volcanism and ocean crustal production.However,the perturbation of tectonic carbon degassing on the interaction between climate change and carbon cycle remains unclear.Here,through time-evolutive phase analysis of new and published high-resolution benthic foraminiferal oxygen(δ18O)and carbon(δ13C)isotope records from the global ocean,we find that variations in the marine carbon cycle lead the climate-cryosphere system(δ13C-lead-δ18O)on 405,000-year eccentricity timescales during the MCO.This is in contrast to the previously reported climate-lead-carbon(δ18O-lead-δ13C)scenario during most of the Oligo-Miocene(～34-6 mil-lion years ago).Further sensitivity analysis and model simulations suggest that the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the resulting greenhouse effect strengthened the low-latitude hydrological cycle during the MCO,accelerating the response of marine carbon cycle to eccentricity forcing.Tropical climate processes played a more important role in regulating carbon-cycle variations when Earth's climate was in a warm regime,as opposed to the dominant influence of polar ice-sheet dynamics during the Plio-Pleistocene(after～6 million years ago).
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    Low-current-density stability of vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

    Xinyue DouXuefang XieShuquan LiangGuozhao Fang...
    833-845页
    查看更多>>摘要：Vanadium-based cathodes have received widespread attention in the field of aqueous zinc-ion batteries,presenting a promising prospect for stationary energy storage applications.However,the rapid capacity decay at low current densities has hampered their development.In particular,capacity stability at low current densities is a requisite in numerous practical applications,typically encompassing peak load reg-ulation of the electricity grid,household energy storage systems,and uninterrupted power supplies.Despite possessing notably high specific capacities,vanadium-based materials exhibit severe instability at low current densities.Moreover,the issue of stabilizing electrode reactions at these densities for vanadium-based materials has been explored insufficiently in existing research.This review aims to investigate the matter of stability in vanadium-based materials at low current densities by concentrating on the mechanisms of capacity fading and optimization strategies.It proposes a comprehensive approach that includes electrolyte optimization,electrode modulation,and electrochemical operational conditions.Finally,we presented several crucial prospects for advancing the practical development of vanadium-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
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