查看更多>>摘要：China's high-speed railway (HSR) is booming recently, the HSR's performance of energy conservation and carbon reduction has attracted much attention. This study developed a new life cycle model of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on China's HSR by life cycle analysis (LCA), covering the stages of infrastructure, HSR train, and operation, based on the TLCAM (Tsinghua-LCA Model). A case of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR has been studied to show that the full life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportation are 0.4 MJ km-1 per capita and 0.04 kg CO2e km-1 per capita, respectively, which are far less than aviation, gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, electric vehicles and public vehicles. With the cleaner power structure and the progress of HSR train technology, the energy consumption and carbon emissions of HSR in 2020 could be reduced by 20％compared to 2015. This study indicates that electricity generation mix structure and full load rate are important factors influencing the life-cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportation. It is recommended to improve the coverage of HSR network, accelerate train upgrades, improve the full load rate of HSR trains, and promote the low-carbon development of electricity supply to strengthen and realize the low-carbon advantage of HSR transport mode in China. HSR transportation can be used to achieve the low carbon transformation of China's transportation sector and improve oil supply safety situation.
查看更多>>摘要：The concept of carbon neutrality is much emphasized in IPCC Spatial Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C in order to achieve the long-term temperature goals as reflected in Paris Agreement. To keep these goals within reach, peaking the global carbon emissions as soon as possible and achieving carbon neutrality are urgently needed. However, global CO2 emissions continued to grow up to a record high of 43.1 Gt CO2 during 2019, with fossil CO2 emissions of 36.5 Gt CO2 and land-use change emissions of 6.6 Gt CO2. In such case, the global carbon emissions must drop 32 Gt CO2 (7.6％per year) from 2020 to 2030 for the 1.5 °C warming limit, which is even larger than the COVID-induced reduction (6.4％) in global CO2 emissions during 2020. Recently, China has announced scaling up its national commitments, aiming to peak its CO2 emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. Achieving these goals requires rapid and far-reaching transitions in the whole society. On the one hand, deeper emissions reduction in all sectors includes decarbonization of energy, electrification, increasing share of renewables, energy efficiency, sustainable land management, decarbonization of transport, reducing food loss and waste, as well as behavior and lifestyles changes. On the other hand, possible actions by removing CO2 from the atmosphere involves enlarging land and ocean net carbon sink, CO2 removal technologies (such as Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage), and CO2 capture, utilization and storage technologies, but should be caution for their scales and tradeoffs.
查看更多>>摘要：The Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are the two most important environmental conventions for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Both conventions have carried out a variety of work and established a joint working group to promote synergy. This study reviews the cooperation process between both conventions, and identifies the gaps in the synergistic mechanism by analyzing the status of implementation in China. The following problems in China were found to be associated with convention implementation:1) shortage of coordination among implementing organization;2) the existing strategic plans lack planning for synergistic implementation; 3) the monitoring system lacks coordination management, thus making the sharing of monitoring results among each unit challenging; and 4) information sharing from partner ministries is inadequate. Combining the status of China's implementation and the experience of other contracting parties, the following strategies are proposed:1) a synergistic implementation mech-anism should be established at the national level;2) a national strategic plan should be developed for synergistic implementation;3) a monitoring system and management mechanism should be developed that comprehensively consider the monitoring indicators of each convention;and 4) an implementation information-sharing platform should be built.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据
维普