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气象学报（英文版）
中国气象学会
气象学报（英文版）

中国气象学会

丁一汇

双月刊

0894-0525

cmsams@163.com

010-68407634

100081

北京中关村南大街46号

气象学报（英文版）/Journal Acta Meteorologica SinicaCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>中国气象学会的官方刊物《气象学报》于1925年7月创刊。英文版于1987年9月创刊，1988年至2008年出版季刊，2009年改为双月刊。
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    Advances in Atmospheric Radiation:Theories,Models,and Their Applications.Part Ⅰ:Atmospheric Gas Absorption and Particle Scattering

    Hua ZHANGLiting LIULei BIWushao LIN...
    151-182页
    查看更多>>摘要：Atmospheric radiation is a major branch of atmospheric physics that encompasses the fundamental theories of at-mospheric absorption,particle scattering(aerosols and clouds),and radiative transfer.Specifically,the simulations of atmospheric gaseous absorption and scattering properties of particles are the essential components of atmospheric ra-diative transfer models.Atmospheric radiation has important applications in weather,climate,data assimilation,re-mote sensing,and atmospheric detection studies.In Part I,a comprehensive review of the progress in the field of gas absorption and particle scattering research over the past 30 years with a particular emphasis on the contributions from Chinese scientists is presented.The review of gas absorption includes the construction of absorption databases,the impact of different atmospheric absorption algorithms on radiative calculations,and their applications in weather and climate models and remote sensing.The review on particle scattering starts with the theoretical and computational methods and subsequently explores the optical modeling of aerosols and clouds in remote sensing and atmospheric models.Additionally,the paper discusses potential future research directions in this field.
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    Advances in Atmospheric Radiation:Theories,Models,and Their Applications.Part Ⅱ:Radiative Transfer Models and Related Applications

    Hua ZHANGFeng ZHANGLei LIUYuzhi LIU...
    183-208页
    查看更多>>摘要：The subject of"atmospheric radiation"includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric sciences.This review includes two parts(Part Ⅰ and Part Ⅱ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(Part Ⅱ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from Chinese researchers.The recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly re-viewed.Then,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.
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    Vector Radiative Transfer in a Vertically Inhomogeneous Scattering and Emitting Atmosphere.Part Ⅰ:A New Discrete Ordinate Method

    Ziqiang ZHUFuzhong WENGYang HAN
    209-224页
    查看更多>>摘要：The original vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer(VDISORT)model takes into account Stokes radiance vec-tor but derives its solution assuming azimuthal symmetric surface reflective matrix and atmospheric scattering phase matrix,such as the phase matrix derived from spherical particles or randomly oriented non-spherical particles.In this study,a new VDISORT is developed for general atmospheric scattering and boundary conditions.Stokes vector is decomposed into both sinusoidal and cosinusoidal harmonic modes,and the radiance at arbitrary viewing geometry is solved directly by adding two zero-weighted points in the Gaussian quadrature scheme.The complex eigenvalues in homogeneous solutions are also taken into full consideration.The accuracy of VDISORT model is comprehensively validated by four cases:Rayleigh scattering case,the spherical particle scattering case with the Legendre expansion coefficients of 0th-13th orders of the phase matrix(hereinafter L13),L13 with a polarized source,and the random-oriented oblate particle scattering case with the Legendre expansion coefficients of 0th-11th orders of the phase mat-rix(hereinafter Ll 1).In all cases,the simulated radiances agree well with the benchmarks,with absolute biases less than 0.0065,0.0006,and 0.0008 for Rayleigh,unpolarized L13,and L11,respectively.Since a polarized bidirectional reflection distribution function(pBRDF)matrix is used as the lower boundary condition,VDISORT is now able to handle fully coupled atmospheric and surface polarimetric radiative transfer processes.
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    Impact of Atmospheric Transmittance and NLTE Correction on Simulation of High Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder onboard FY-3E

    Chenggege FANGPeiming DONGYang HANWanlin KAN...
    225-234页
    查看更多>>摘要：With the launch of the first civilian early-morning orbit satellite Fengyun-3E(FY-3E),higher demands are placed on the accuracy of radiative transfer simulations for hyperspectral infrared data.Therefore,several key issues are in-vestigated in the paper.First,the accuracy of the fast atmospheric transmittance model implemented in the Advanced Research and Modeling System(ARMS)has been evaluated with both the line-by-line radiative transfer model(LBLRTM)and the actual satellite observations.The results indicate that the biases are generally less than 0.25 K when compared to the LBLRTM,while below 1.0 K for the majority of the channels when compared to the observa-tions.However,during both comparisons,significant biases are observed in certain channels.The accuracy of Hyper-spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-Ⅱ(HIRAS-Ⅱ)onboard FY-3E is comparable to,and even superior to that of the Cross-track Infrared Sounder(CrIS)onboard NOAA-20.Furthermore,apodization is a crucial step in the pro-cessing of hyperspectral data in that the apodization function is utilized as the instrument channel spectral response function to produce the satellite channel-averaged transmittance.To further explore the difference between the apod-ized and unapodized simulations,Sine function is adopted in the fast transmittance model.It is found that the use of Sinc function can make the simulations fit the original satellite observations better.When simulating with apodized observations,the use of Sinc function exhibits larger deviations compared to the Hamming function.Moreover,a cor-rection module is applied to minimize the impact of Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium(NLTE)in the short-wave infrared band.It is verified that the implementation of the NLTE correction model leads to a significant reduc-tion in the bias between the simulation and observation for this band.
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    Interdecadal Variations of ENSO Impacts over the Indo-Northwest Pacific Region and the Related Mechanisms

    Hongxia LANJing MAHaiming XUJingjia LUO...
    235-248页
    查看更多>>摘要：Owing to limited observations,it remains unknown whether the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)on the Indian Ocean-Northwest Pacific(IO-NWP)climate showed decadal changes in the early 20th century.Using multi-source reanalysis and hindcast datasets from the ECMWF and NOAA extending back to 1901,this study in-vestigates interdecadal variations of the impact of ENSO on the IO-NWP climate from 1901 to 2009.It is found that the influence of ENSO on the IO-NWP climate shows"strong-weak-strong"interdecadal change during 1901-2009.This is characterized by much weaker Indian Ocean sea surface temperature(SST)warming and a weaker NWP sub-tropical anticyclone(NWPSA)in the following summer of El Nino during 1946-1967,compared with those in the other two periods(1901-1945 and 1968-2009).Analyses of the datasets indicate that the interdecadal variation is mainly associated with the change in ENSO amplitude.In contrast to the period of 1946-1967,a greater SST vari-ance occurred in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific during 1901-1945 and 1968-2009.A stronger El Nino tends to generate more significant anticyclonic anomalies over the southeast Indian Ocean through teleconnection.The northwesterly anomalies to the south of the anticyclone weaken the southeast trade winds and warm the south Indian Ocean SST via wind-evaporation-SST feedback,and the positive south Indian Ocean SST anomalies trigger west-ward-propagating oceanic Rossby waves to induce stronger warming of the southwest Indian Ocean,leading to a sig-nificant asymmetric wind pattern across the equator in spring.The profound northeastward winds on the north side weaken the southwest monsoon,leading to a"second warming"over the north Indian Ocean in summer,which an-chors the eastward-propagating warm Kelvin waves and results in a stronger NWPSA by inducing surface diver-gence and suppressing deep convection.
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    Predicting PM2.5 Concentration in the Yangtze River Delta Region Using Climate System Monitoring Indices and Machine Learning

    Jinghui MAShiquan WANShasha XUChanjuan WANG...
    249-261页
    查看更多>>摘要：Changing meteorological conditions during autumn and winter have considerable impact on air quality in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region.External climatic factors,such as sea surface temperature and sea ice,together with the atmospheric circulation,directly affect meteorological conditions in the YRD region,thereby modulating the variation in atmospheric PM2.5 concentration.This study used the evolutionary modeling machine learning technique to investigate the lag relationship between 144 climate system monitoring indices and autumn/winter PM2.5 concen-tration over 0-12 months in the YRD region.After calculating the contribution ratios and lagged correlation coeffi-cients of all indices over the previous 12 months,the top 36 indices were selected for model training.Then,the nine indices that contributed most to the PM2.5 concentration in the YRD region,including the decadal oscillation index of the Atlantic Ocean and the consistent warm ocean temperature index of the entire tropical Indian Ocean,were selec-ted for physical mechanism analysis.An evolutionary model was developed to forecast the average PM2.5 concentra-tion in major cities of the YRD in autumn and winter,with a correlation coefficient of 0.91.In model testing,the cor-relation coefficient between the predicted and observed PM2.5 concentrations was in the range of 0.73-0.83 and the root-mean-square error was in the range of 9.5-11.6 pg m-3,indicating high predictive accuracy.The model per-formed exceptionally well in capturing abnormal changes in PM2.5 concentration in the YRD region up to 50 days in advance.
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    Effect of Meteorological Data Assimilation on Regional Air Quality Forecasts over the Korean Peninsula

    Yunjae CHOHyun Mee KIMEun-Gyeong YANGYonghee LEE...
    262-284页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem),a type of online coupled chemistry-meteorology model(CCMM),considers the interaction between air quality and meteorology to improve air quality forecasting.Meteorological data assimilation(DA)can be used to reduce uncertainty in meteorological field,which is one factor causing prediction uncertainty in the CCMM.In this study,WRF-Chem and three-dimen-sional variational DA were used to examine the impact of meteorological DA on air quality and meteorological fore-casts over the Korean Peninsula.The nesting model domains were configured over East Asia(outer domain)and the Korean Peninsula(inner domain).Three experiments were conducted by using different DA domains to determine the optimal model domain for the meteorological DA.When the meteorological DA was performed in the outer do-main or both the outer and inner domains,the root-mean-square error(RMSE),bias of the predicted particulate mat-ter(PM)concentrations,and the RMSE of predicted meteorological variables against the observations were smaller than those in the experiment where the meteorological DA was performed only in the inner domain.This indicates that the improvement of the synoptic meteorological fields by DA in the outer domain enhanced the meteorological initial and boundary conditions for the inner domain,subsequently improving air quality and meteorological predic-tions.Compared to the experiment without meteorological DA,the RMSE and bias of the meteorological and PM variables were smaller in the experiments with DA.The effect of meteorological DA on the improvement of PM pre-dictions lasted for approximately 58-66 h,depending on the case.Therefore,the uncertainty reduction in the meteor-ological initial condition by the meteorological DA contributed to a reduction of the forecast errors of both meteoro-logy and air quality.
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    Fusion of Ground-Based and Spaceborne Radar Precipitation Based on Spatial Domain Regularization

    Anfan HUANGLeilei KOUYanzhi LIANGYing MAO...
    285-302页
    查看更多>>摘要：High-quality and accurate precipitation estimations can be obtained by integrating precipitation information meas-ures using ground-based and spaceborne radars in the same target area.Estimating the true precipitation state is a typ-ical inverse problem for a given set of noisy radar precipitation observations.The regularization method can appro-priately constrain the inverse problem to obtain a unique and stable solution.For different types of precipitation with different prior distributions,the L1 and L2 norms were more effective in constraining stratiform and convective pre-cipitation,respectively.As a combination of L1 and L2 norms,the Huber norm is more suitable for mixed precipita-tion types.This study uses different regularization norms to combine precipitation data from the C-band dual-polariz-ation ground radar(CDP)and dual-frequency precipitation radar(DPR)on the Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)mission core satellite.Compared to single-source radar data,the fused figures contain more information and present a comprehensive precipitation structure encompassing the reflectivity and precipitation fields.In 27 precipita-tion cases,the fusion results utilizing the Huber norm achieved a structural similarity index measure(SSIM)and a peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)of 0.8378 and 30.9322,respectively,compared with the CDP data.The fusion res-ults showed that the Huber norm effectively amalgamate the features of convective and stratiform precipitation,with a reduction in the mean absolute error(MAE;16.1％and 22.6％,respectively)and root-mean-square error(RMSE;11.7％and 13.6％,respectively)compared to the 1-norm and 2-norm.Moreover,in contrast to the fusion results of scale recursive estimation(SRE),the Huber norm exhibits superior capability in capturing the localized precipitation intensity and reconstructing the detailed features of precipitation.
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    Microphysical Insights into a Tornadic Supercell from Dual-Polarization Radar Observations in Jiangsu,China on 14 May 2021

    Chao YUANYang BAIPengfei SUNHua BAI...
    303-320页
    查看更多>>摘要：Tornadoes are incredibly powerful and destructive natural events,yet the microphysical characteristics of the par-ent storm and its effects on tornadogenesis remain unclear.This study analyzed polarization radar data of a tornadic supercell that occurred in Jiangsu Province of China on 14 May 2021,in comparison with another tornadic supercell and two non-tornadic supercells that occurred in the same region in 2023.The two tornadic supercells exhibited lower differential reflectivity(ZDR)in the hook echo region compared with the non-tornadic supercells,indicating smaller median drop sizes.A distinct increase in ZDR from the melting of frozen hydrometeors,observed between 2.5-and 4.0-km altitude in the non-tornadic storms,was absent in the tornadic cases.The non-tornadic supercells also displayed substantially higher specific differential phase(KDP)below the melting level,likely aroused from en-hanced melting and cooling.These findings suggest fundamental microphysical contrasts between tornadic and non-tornadic supercells.Specifically,tornadic supercells have smaller droplets and may reduce melting in hook echoes.Moreover,greater separation between the ZDR arc and the KDP foot was observed during tornadogenesis.The vertical gradient of KDP related to the cooling pool strength of the hook echo,regulating rear-flank downdraft thermodynam-ics.Despite the limited number of cases investigated,the findings of this study indicate that monitoring ZDR,KDP,and drop size distribution trends could assist with tornado prediction and warnings.
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    The Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall in Different Quadrants of Northeast China Cold Vortices

    Lei YANGYongguang ZHENG
    321-338页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV)is one of the main synoptic-scale systems causing short-duration heavy rainfall(SDHR)in Northeast China.Environmental conditions(e.g.,water vapor,instability,and vertical wind shear)are known to be distinctly different over the four quadrants of NCCVs,rendering prediction of the SDHR related to NCCVs(NCCV_SDHR)more challenging.Based on 5-yr hourly rainfall observations from 3196 automatic weather stations and ERA5 reanalysis data,10,232 NCCV_SDHR events were identified and divided into four quadrant groups according to their relative position to the center of the NCCV(CVC).The results show that the southeast quadrant features the highest frequency of SDHR,with stronger intensity,longer duration,and wider coverage;and the SDHR in different quadrants presents different formation mechanisms and varied temporal evolution.A new co-ordinate system is established relative to the CVC that uses the CVC as the origin and the radius of the NCCV(rCV)as the unit distance.In this new coordinate system,all of the NCCV_SDHR events in the 5-yr study period are syn-thesized.It is found that the occurrence frequency of NCCV_SDHR initially increases and then decreases with in-creasing distance from the CVC.The highest frequency occurs mainly between 0.8 and 2.5 times rCV from the CVC in the southeast quadrant.This can be attributed to the favorable conditions,such as convergence of the low-level shear line and abundant water vapor,which are concentrated in this region.Furthermore,high-frequency NCCV_SDHR larger than 50 mm(NCCV_SDHR50)is observed to be closer to the CVC.When NCCV_SDHR50 occurs,the NCCV is in closer proximity to the subtropical high,resulting in stronger low-level convergence and more abundant water vapor.Additionally,there are lower lifting condensation levels and stronger 0-6-and 0-1-km vertical wind shears in these environments.These findings provide a valuable reference for more accurate prediction ofNCCV SDHR.
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