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山地科学学报（英文版）
山地科学学报（英文版）

双月刊

1672-6316

jms@imde.ac.cn;yudf@imde.ac.cn

028-68591574,85252044

610041

四川省成都市一环路南二段16号山地所

山地科学学报（英文版）/Journal Journal of Mountain ScienceCSCDCSTPCDSCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Long-term monitoring of active large-scale landslides for non-structural risk mitigation-integrated sensors and web-based platform

    CATELAN Filippo TommasoBOSSI GiuliaSCHENATO LucaTONDO Melissa...
    1-15页
    查看更多>>摘要：Large-scale deep-seated landslides pose a significant threat to human life and infrastructure.Therefore,closely monitoring these landslides is crucial for assessing and mitigating their associated risks.In this paper,the authors introduce the SoLoMon framework,a comprehensive monitoring system developed for three large-scale landslides in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano,Italy.A web-based platform integrates various monitoring data(GNSS,topographic data,in-place inclinometer),providing a user-friendly interface for visualizing and analyzing the collected data.This facilitates the identification of trends and patterns in landslide behaviour,enabling the triggering of warnings and the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures.The SoLoMon platform has proven to be an invaluable tool for managing the risks associated with large-scale landslides through non-structural measures and driving countermeasure works design.It serves as a centralized data repository,offering visualization and analysis tools.This information empowers decision-makers to make informed choices regarding risk mitigation,ultimately ensuring the safety of communities and infrastructures.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Mapping the territories of the mountain-foothill zone of Tajikistan exposed to mudflows

    SAFAROV MustafoKANG ShichangFAZYLOV AliGULAYOZOV Majid...
    16-30页
    查看更多>>摘要：In recent years,mudflows have emerged as a significant threat to infrastructure and lives,exhibiting increased frequency and severity.This study collectively addresses the rising threat of natural hazards,specifically mudflows in mountain-foothill zones in Tajikistan,utilizing UAV and remote sensing technologies to monitor their impact.From 2020 to 2023,we employed a QC-2 Micro UAV and a DJI Phantom 4 quadcopter to capture high-resolution aerial imagery across multiple affected districts,supplemented by pre-and post-event Sentinel-2 images analyzed using the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Our analysis revealed that 49 districts and cities experienced significant mudflow events,resulting in estimated damages and economic losses of 30.2 million USD,with particularly severe impacts noted in the Khuroson,Tojikobod,Vakhsh,Panjakent,Lakhsh,and Varzob.The composition of mudflows in the six studied areas predominantly consisted of clay,with some regions featuring mudstone and a few exhibiting a mixture of both materials.Our findings indicate the predominance of rain-induced mudflows in foothill areas,contrasting with rain-snow,glacial,and lake-outburst-induced mudflows in mountainous regions.This underscores the urgent need for effective disaster risk management strategies in vulnerable locations.Integrating UAV and remote sensing technologies provides crucial information for analyzing damages,identifying vulnerable areas,and advising emergency response efforts,thereby enhancing disaster risk management in Tajikistan.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Influence of the mineralogy of fines on sediment slurrying and slurry behaviors

    SHI GuieXU ZeminWEN YixiSU Xiao...
    31-47页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fine debris is an important component of natural debris flows.Previous studies focused primarily on the clay minerals found in the fines,and non-clay minerals were often neglected.The effects of mineralogy of fines on debris-mass slurrying and flow behaviors of the resultant slurries are examined herein.The fines(≤0.04 mm)in the＜5 mm fraction of the Dongyuege Creek debris-flow deposit is replaced with five other mineral powders with the same maximum particle size.Four types of separate and sequential experiments related to debris slurrying and slurry behaviors are carried out with the prepared clastic materials.The obtained slurrying index ranging from 0.08 to 0.18 shows that non-clay minerals also can function as the fine fractions of debris-flow materials,so long as the requirement of grain size distribution is met.Equidimensional,non-clay minerals making up fines of debris flows can increase the upper solid concentration limits of slurrying(with a maximum of 0.692)and peak values of relative excess water pressure(measured maximum mean peak value is 0.99),leading to higher momentum and higher competence,and thereby more destructive catastrophe.The sediments with platy non-clay mineral-dominated fines have potential for mobilizing into small-to medium-size debris flows with a relatively small competence.Clay minerals in the fines may indeed enhance the liquefaction potential of debris masses by expanding the difference between upper and lower solid concentration limits of slurrying(0.413 and 0.238,respectively,for pure kaolinite),but they significantly suppress the momentum,competence,and destructive power of potential debris flows by lowering upper solid concentration limit of slurrying of debris masses.Alpine catchments rich in non-clay minerals,notably those releasing dolomite into loose sediments,may be more prone to threatening and destructive debris flows.The basin producing clay minerals should be more susceptible to low-magnitude/high-frequency debris flows with less devastating consequences.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Spatial distribution of landslides in response to the geomorphometric constraints in Darma Valley,Kumaun Himalaya

    Mohd SHAWEZVikram GUPTAAnand Kumar GUPTAGautam RAWAT...
    48-70页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Kumaun Himalaya is well-known as a geologically and tectonically complex region that amplifies mass wasting processes,particularly landslides.This study attempts to investigate the interplay between landslide distribution and the litho-tectonic regime of Darma Valley,Kumaun Himalaya.A landslide inventory comprising 295 landslides in the area has been prepared and several morphotectonic proxies such as valley floor width to height ratio(Vf),stream length gradient index(SL),and hypsometric integral(HI)have been used to infer tectonic regime.Morphometric analysis,including basic,linear,aerial,and relief aspects,of 59 fourth-order sub-basins,has been carried out to estimate erosion potential in the study area.The result demonstrates that 46.77％of the landslides lie in very high,20.32％in high,21.29％in medium,and 11.61％in low erosion potential zones respectively.In order to determine the key parameters controlling erosion potential,two multivariate statistical methods namely Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering(AHC)were utilized.PCA reveals that the Higher Himalayan Zone(HHZ)has the highest erosion potential due to the presence of elongated sub-basins characterized by steep slopes and high relief.The clusters created through AHC exhibit positive PCA values,indicating a robust correlation between PCA and AHC.Furthermore,the landslide density map shows two major landslide hotspots.One of these hotspots lies in the vicinity of highly active Munsiyari Thrust(MT),while the other is in the Pandukeshwar formation within the MT's hanging wall,characterized by a high exhumation rate.High SL and low Vf values along these hotspots further corroborate that the occurrence of landslides in the study area is influenced by tectonic activity.This study,by identifying erosion-prone areas and elucidating the implications of tectonic activity on landslide distribution,empowers policymakers and government agencies to develop strategies for hazard assessment and effective landslide risk mitigation,consequently safeguarding lives and communities.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Dynamic intelligent prediction approach for landslide displacement based on biological growth models and CNN-LSTM

    WANG ZiqianFANG XiangweiZHANG WengangWANG Luqi...
    71-88页
    查看更多>>摘要：Influenced by complex external factors,the displacement-time curve of reservoir landslides demonstrates both short-term and long-term diversity and dynamic complexity.It is difficult for existing methods,including Regression models and Neural network models,to perform multi-characteristic coupled displacement prediction because they fail to consider landslide creep characteristics.This paper integrates the creep characteristics of landslides with non-linear intelligent algorithms and proposes a dynamic intelligent landslide displacement prediction method based on a combination of the Biological Growth model(BG),Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),and Long Short-Term Memory Network(LSTM).This prediction approach improves three different biological growth models,thereby effectively extracting landslide creep characteristic parameters.Simultaneously,it integrates external factors(rainfall and reservoir water level)to construct an internal and external comprehensive dataset for data augmentation,which is input into the improved CNN-LSTM model.Thereafter,harnessing the robust feature extraction capabilities and spatial translation invariance of CNN,the model autonomously captures short-term local fluctuation characteristics of landslide displacement,and combines LSTM's efficient handling of long-term nonlinear temporal data to improve prediction performance.An evaluation of the Liangshuijing landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area indicates that BG-CNN-LSTM exhibits high prediction accuracy,excellent generalization capabilities when dealing with various types of landslides.The research provides an innovative approach to achieving the whole-process,real-time,high-precision displacement predictions for multi-characteristic coupled landslides.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Influence of material characteristics on the failure mode and process of landslide dam

    HU LiangZHONG QimingCHEN LiangYANG Meng...
    89-109页
    查看更多>>摘要：Landslide dams,as frequent natural hazards,pose significant risks to human lives,property,and ecological environments.The grading characteristics and density of dam materials play a crucial role in determining the stability of landslide dams and the potential for dam breaches.To explore the failure mechanisms and evolutionary processes of landslide dams with varying soil properties,this study conducted a series of flume experiments,considering different grain compositions and material densities.The results demonstrated that grading characteristics significantly influence landslide dam stability,affecting failure patterns,breach processes,and final breach morphologies.Fine-graded materials exhibited a sequence of surface erosion,head-cut erosion,and subsequent surface erosion during the breach process,while well-graded materials typically experienced head-cut erosion followed by surface erosion.In coarse-graded dams,the high permeability of coarse particles allowed the dam to remain stable,as inflows matched outflows.The dam breach model experiments also showed that increasing material density effectively delayed the breach and reduced peak breach flow discharge.Furthermore,higher fine particle content led to a reduction in the residual dam height and the base slope of the final breach profile,although the relationship between peak breach discharge and the content of fine and coarse particles was nonlinear.To better understand breach morphology evolution under different soil characteristics and hydraulic conditions,three key points were identified-erosion point,control point,and scouring point.This study,by examining the evolution of failure patterns,breach processes,and breach flow discharges under various grading and density conditions,offers valuable insights into the mechanisms behind landslide dam failures.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Model tests and numerical analysis of emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide with quick-setting polyurethane

    ZHANG ZhichaoTANG XuefengHUANG RufaCAI Zhenjie...
    110-121页
    查看更多>>摘要：Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow sliding.It works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow sliding.However,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil landslide.The idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was proposed.Model tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide.Surcharge loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different conditions.The simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical method.Under the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 kPa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope top.The reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 kPa.The displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95％.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Forecasting step-like landslide displacement through diverse monitoring frequencies

    GUO FeiXU ZhizhenHU JileiDOU Jie...
    122-141页
    查看更多>>摘要：The precision of landslide displacement prediction is crucial for effective landslide prevention and mitigation strategies.However,the role of surface monitoring frequency in influencing prediction accuracy has been largely neglected.This study examined the effect of varying monitoring frequencies on the accuracy of displacement predictions by using the Baijiabao landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)as a case study.We collected surface automatic monitoring data at different intervals,ranging from daily to monthly.The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition(EEMD)algorithm was utilized to dissect the accumulated displacements into periodic and trend components at each monitoring frequency.Polynomial fitting was applied to forecast the trend component while the periodic component was predicted with two state-of-the-art neural network models:Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)and Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU).The predictions from these models were integrated to derive cumulative displacement forecasts,enabling a comparative analysis of prediction accuracy across different monitoring frequencies.The results demonstrate that the proposed models achieve high accuracy in landslide displacement forecasting,with optimal performance observed at moderate monitoring intervals.Intriguingly,the daily mean average error(MAE)decreases sharply with increasing monitoring frequency,reaching a plateau.These findings were corroborated by a parallel analysis of the Bazimen landslide,suggesting that moderate monitoring intervals of approximately 7 to 15 days are most conducive to achieving enhanced prediction accuracy compared to both daily and monthly intervals.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    An integrated approach for GLOF hazard,vulnerability and risk assessment in the Karakoram Mountain Range of northern Pakistan

    Sajid ULLAHMuhammad SHAFIQUEGhazanfar Ali KHATTAKAttaullah SHAH...
    142-155页
    查看更多>>摘要：Climate change and rising temperatures are accelerating the rate of deglaciation in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalaya(HKH)ranges,leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of existing ones.These lakes are often vulnerable to failure,posing a significant threat to downstream communities and infrastructure.Therefore,a comprehensive assessment of Glacier-Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF)hazards and risk assessment is crucial to evaluate flood runout characteristics and identify settlements and infrastructure that are exposed and vulnerable to floods,aiding in the development and implementation of risk reduction strategies.This study aims to simulate a GLOF event induced by the Shisper glacier lake in northern Pakistan,using the HEC-RAS,and to assess its impact on settlements,infrastructure,and agricultural land.For the hydrometeorological analysis of the GLOF event,topographic data from unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),stream profiles,discharge data,Manning's roughness coefficient(n),and land use/land cover(LULC)were analyzed using HEC-RAS and geographic information system(GIS).During the GLOF event on May 7,2022,a maximum water depth of 6.3 m and a maximum velocity of 9.5 m/s were recorded.Based on the runout characteristics of this event,vulnerability and risk assessments have been calculated.The physical,social,and environmental vulnerabilities of the at-risk elements were evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)and integrated with the hazard data to develop a risk map.The study identified the areas,infrastructure and settlements susceptible to GLOF hazard to support the development and implementation of targeted and evidence-based mitigation and adaptation strategies.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Using fracture mechanics method to analyze the failure mechanism and equilibrium equation of interfacial loess-mudstone landslides

    LI ShuanhuLI ChiGAO Yu
    156-166页
    查看更多>>摘要：Loess-mudstone landslides are common in the Loess Plateau.Investigations into the mechanical theory of loess-mudstone landslides have become a challenging undertaking due to the distinctive interfacial properties of loess-mudstone and the unique water sensitivity characteristics of mudstone.Hence,it is imperative to develop innovative mechanical models and mathematical equations specifically tailored to loess-mudstone landslides.In this study,we analyze the fracture mechanism of the loess-mudstone sliding zone using plastic fracture mechanics and develop a unique fracture yield model.To calculate the energy release rate during the expansion of the loess-mudstone interface tip region,the shear fracture energy G is applied,which reflects both the yield failure criterion and the fracture failure criterion.To better understand the instability mechanism of loess-mudstone landslides,equilibrium equations based on G are established for tractive,compressive,and tensile loess-mudstone landslides.Based on the equilibrium equation,the critical length Lc of the sliding zone can be used for the safety evaluation of loess-mudstone landslides.In this way,this study proposes a new method for determining the failure mechanism and equilibrium equation of loess-mudstone landslides,which resolves their starting mechanism,mechanical equilibrium equations,and safety evaluation indicators,thus justifying the scientific significance and practical value of this research.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据