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石油科学（英文版）
石油科学（英文版）

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1672-5107

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石油科学（英文版）/Journal Petroleum ScienceCSCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>本刊办刊宗旨在于向国外介绍中国石油界最新的学术、科研成果，广泛开展国际间的学术交流，促进中国石油科学技术的发展。主要刊登反映中国石油石油科学技术领域最新、最高水平科研成果的科技论文。其专业内容包括石油勘探与开发、石油储运工程、石油炼制与化工、石油机电工程、油田化工、石油工业经济管理与营销以及与石油工业有关的各个学科。
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    A seismic elastic moduli module for the measurements of low-frequency wave dispersion and attenuation of fluid-saturated rocks under different pressures

    Yan-Xiao HeShang-Xu WangGen-Yang TangChao Sun...
    162-181页
    查看更多>>摘要：Knowledge about the seismic elastic modulus dispersion,and associated attenuation,in fluid-saturated rocks is essential for better interpretation of seismic observations taken as part of hydrocarbon identi-fication and time-lapse seismic surveillance of both conventional and unconventional reservoir and overburden performances.A Seismic Elastic Moduli Module has been developed,based on the forced-oscillations method,to experimentally investigate the frequency dependence of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio,as well as the inferred attenuation,of cylindrical samples under different confining pressure conditions.Calibration with three standard samples showed that the measured elastic moduli were consistent with the published data,indicating that the new apparatus can operate reliably over a wide frequency range of f∈[1-2000,106]Hz.The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the shale and the tight sandstone samples were measured under axial stress oscillations to assess the frequency-and pressure-dependent effects.Under dry condition,both samples appear to be nearly frequency inde-pendent,with weak pressure dependence for the shale and significant pressure dependence for the sandstone.In particular,it was found that the tight sandstone with complex pore microstructure exhibited apparent dispersion and attenuation under brine or glycerin saturation conditions,the levels of which were strongly influenced by the increased effective pressure.In addition,the measured Young's moduli results were compared with the theoretical predictions from a scaled poroelastic model with a reasonably good agreement,revealing that the combined fluid flow mechanisms at both mesoscopic and microscopic scales possibly responsible for the measured dispersion.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    A stable staggered-grid finite-difference scheme for acoustic modeling beyond conventional stability limit

    Jing-Yi XuYang Liu
    182-194页
    查看更多>>摘要：Staggered-grid finite-difference(SGFD)schemes have been widely used in acoustic wave modeling for geophysical problems.Many improved methods are proposed to enhance the accuracy of numerical modeling.However,these methods are inevitably limited by the maximum Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)numbers,making them unstable when modeling with large time sampling intervals or small grid spacings.To solve this problem,we extend a stable SGFD scheme by controlling SGFD dispersion relations and maximizing the maximum CFL numbers.First,to improve modeling stability,we minimize the error between the FD dispersion relation and the exact relation in the given wave-number region,and make the FD dispersion approach a given function outside the given wave-number area,thus breaking the conventional limits of the maximum CFL number.Second,to obtain high modeling accuracy,we use the SGFD scheme based on the Remez algorithm to compute the FD coefficients.In addition,the hybrid absorbing boundary condition is adopted to suppress boundary reflections and we find a suitable weighting coefficient for the proposed scheme.Theoretical derivation and numerical modeling demonstrate that the proposed scheme can maintain high accuracy in the modeling process and the value of the maximum CFL number of the proposed scheme can exceed that of the conventional SGFD scheme when adopting a small maximum effective wavenumber,indicating that the proposed scheme improves stability during the modeling.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    An adaptive finite-difference method for seismic traveltime modeling based on 3D eikonal equation

    Bao-Ping QiaoQing-Qing LiWei-Guang HeDan Zhao...
    195-205页
    查看更多>>摘要：3D eikonal equation is a partial differential equation for the calculation of first-arrival traveltimes and has been widely applied in many scopes such as ray tracing,source localization,reflection migration,seismic monitoring and tomographic imaging.In recent years,many advanced methods have been developed to solve the 3D eikonal equation in heterogeneous media.However,there are still challenges for the stable and accurate calculation of first-arrival traveltimes in 3D strongly inhomogeneous media.In this paper,we propose an adaptive finite-difference(AFD)method to numerically solve the 3D eikonal equation.The novel method makes full use of the advantages of different local operators characterizing different seismic wave types to calculate factors and traveltimes,and then the most accurate factor and traveltime are adaptively selected for the convergent updating based on the Fermat principle.Combined with global fast sweeping describing seismic waves propagating along eight directions in 3D media,our novel method can achieve the robust calculation of first-arrival traveltimes with high precision at grid points either near source point or far away from source point even in a velocity model with large and sharp contrasts.Several numerical examples show the good performance of the AFD method,which will be beneficial to many scientific applications.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Multi-scale data joint inversion of minerals and porosity in altered igneous reservoirs-A case study in the South China Sea

    Xin-Ru WangBao-Zhi PanYu-Hang GuoQing-Hui Wang...
    206-220页
    查看更多>>摘要：There are abundant igneous gas reservoirs in the South China Sea with significant value of research,and lithology classification,mineral analysis and porosity inversion are important links in reservoir evalua-tion.However,affected by the diverse lithology,complicated mineral and widespread alteration,con-ventional logging lithology classification and mineral inversion become considerably difficult.At the same time,owing to the limitation of the wireline log response equation,the quantity and accuracy of minerals can hardly meet the exploration requirements of igneous formations.To overcome those issues,this study takes the South China Sea as an example,and combines multi-scale data such as micro rock slices,petrophysical experiments,wireline log and element cutting log to establish a set of joint inversion methods for minerals and porosity of altered igneous rocks.Specifically,we define the lithology and mineral characteristics through core slices and mineral data,and establish an igneous multi-mineral volumetric model.Then we determine element cutting log correction method based on core element data,and combine wireline log and corrected element cutting log to perform the lithology classification and joint inversion of minerals and porosity.However,it is always difficult to determine the elemental eigenvalues of different minerals in inversion.This paper uses multiple linear regression methods to solve this problem.Finally,an integrated inversion technique for altered igneous formations was developed.The results show that the corrected element cutting log are in good agreement with the core element data,and the mineral and porosity results obtained from the joint inversion based on the wireline log and corrected element cutting log are also in good agreement with the core data from X-ray diffraction.The results demonstrate that the inversion technique is applicable and this study provides a new direction for the mineral inversion research of altered igneous formations.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Analytical solution for the effective elastic properties of rocks with the tilted penny-shaped cracks in the transversely isotropic background

    Zheng-Qian MaXing-Yao YinZhao-Yun ZongYuan-Yuan Tan...
    221-243页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seismic prediction of cracks is of great significance in many disciplines,for which the rock physics model is indispensable.However,up to now,multitudinous analytical models focus primarily on the cracked rock with the isotropic background,while the explicit model for the cracked rock with the anisotropic background is rarely investigated in spite of such case being often encountered in the earth.Hence,we first studied dependences of the crack opening displacement tensors on the crack dip angle in the co-ordinate systems formed by symmetry planes of the crack and the background anisotropy,respectively,by forty groups of numerical experiments.Based on the conclusion from the experiments,the analytical solution was derived for the effective elastic properties of the rock with the inclined penny-shaped cracks in the transversely isotropic background.Further,we comprehensively analyzed,according to the developed model,effects of the crack dip angle,background anisotropy,filling fluid and crack density on the effective elastic properties of the cracked rock.The analysis results indicate that the dip angle and background anisotropy can significantly either enhance or weaken the anisotropy degrees of the P-and SH-wave velocities,whereas they have relatively small effects on the SV-wave velocity anisotropy.Moreover,the filling fluid can increase the stiffness coefficients related to the compressional modulus by reducing crack compliance parameters,while its effects on shear coefficients depend on the crack dip angle.The increasing crack density reduces velocities of the dry rock,and decreasing rates of the ve-locities are affected by the crack dip angle.By comparing with exact numerical results and experimental data,it was demonstrated that the proposed model can achieve high-precision estimations of stiffness coefficients.Moreover,the assumption of the weakly anisotropic background results in the consistency between the proposed model and Hudson's published theory for the orthorhombic rock.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    A novel algorithm for evaluating cement azimuthal density based on perturbation theory in horizontal well

    Ji-Lin FanFeng ZhangQian ChenHao-Chen Song...
    244-251页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cement density monitoring plays a vital role in evaluating the quality of cementing projects,which is of great significance to the development of oil and gas.However,the presence of inhomogeneous cement distribution and casing eccentricity in horizontal wells often complicates the accurate evaluation of cement azimuthal density.In this regard,this paper proposes an algorithm to calculate the cement azimuthal density in horizontal wells using a multi-detector gamma-ray detection system.The spatial dynamic response functions are simulated to obtain the influence of cement density on gamma-ray counts by the perturbation theory,and the contribution of cement density in six sectors to the gamma-ray recorded by different detectors is obtained by integrating the spatial dynamic response functions.Combined with the relationship between gamma-ray counts and cement density,a multi-parameter calculation equation system is established,and the regularized Newton iteration method is employed to invert casing eccentricity and cement azimuthal density.This approach ensures the stability of the inversion process while simultaneously achieving an accuracy of 0.05 g/cm3 for the cement azimuthal density.This accuracy level is ten times higher compared to density accuracy calculated using calibration equations.Overall,this algorithm enhances the accuracy of cement azimuthal density eval-uation,provides valuable technical support for the monitoring of cement azimuthal density in the oil and gas industry.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Linearized waveform inversion for vertical transversely isotropic elastic media:Methodology and multi-parameter crosstalk analysis

    Ke ChenLu LiuLi-Nan XuFei Hu...
    252-271页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seismic migration and inversion are closely related techniques to portray subsurface images and identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.Seismic migration aims at obtaining structural images of subsurface geologic discontinuities.More specifically,seismic migration estimates the reflectivity function(stacked average reflectivity or pre-stack angle-dependent reflectivity)from seismic reflection data.On the other hand,seismic inversion quantitatively estimates the intrinsic rock properties of subsurface formulations.Such seismic inversion methods are applicable to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs that may exhibit lateral variations in the inverted parameters.Although there exist many differences,pre-stack seismic migration is similar with the first iteration of the general linearized seismic inversion.Usually,seismic migration and inversion techniques assume an acoustic or isotropic elastic medium.Unconventional reservoirs such as shale and tight sand formation have notable anisotropic property.We present a linearized waveform inversion(LWI)scheme for weakly anisotropic elastic media with vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)symmetry.It is based on two-way anisotropic elastic wave equation and simultaneously inverts for the localized perturbations(△Vpo/Vp0,△Vs0/Vso,△ε,△δ)from the long-wavelength reference model.Our proposed VTI-elastic LWI is an iterative method that requires a for-ward and an adjoint operator acting on vectors in each iteration.We derive the forward Born approxi-mation operator by perturbation theory and adjoint operator via adjoint-state method.The inversion has improved the quality of the images and reduces the multi-parameter crosstalk comparing with the adjoint-based images.We have observed that the multi-parameter crosstalk problem is more prominent in the inversion images for Thomsen anisotropy parameters.Especially,the Thomsen parameter δ is the most difficult to resolve.We also analyze the multi-parameter crosstalk using scattering radiation patterns.The linearized waveform inversion for VTI-elastic media presented in this article provides quantitative information of the rock properties that has the potential to help identify hydrocarbon reservoirs.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Effects of acid-rock reaction on physical properties during CO2-rich industrial waste gas(CO2-rich IWG)injection in shale reservoirs

    Yi-Fan WangJing WangHui-Qing LiuXiao-Cong Lv...
    272-285页
    查看更多>>摘要："Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"is an essential national strategy,and the geological storage and utilization of CO2 is a hot issue today.However,due to the scarcity of pure CO2 gas sources in China and the high cost of CO2 capture,CO2-rich industrial waste gas(CO2-rich IWG)is gradually emerging into the public's gaze.CO2 has good adsorption properties on shale surfaces,but acidic gases can react with shale,so the mechanism of the CO2-rich IWG-water-shale reaction and the change in reservoir properties will determine the stability of geological storage.Therefore,based on the mineral composition of the Longmaxi Formation shale,this study constructs a thermodynamic equilibrium model of water-rock reactions and simulates the regularity of reactions between CO2-rich IWG and shale minerals.The re-sults indicate that CO2 consumed 12％after reaction,and impurity gases in the CO2-rich IWG can be dissolved entirely,thus demonstrating the feasibility of treating IWG through water-rock reactions.Since IWG inhibits the dissolution of CO2,the optimal composition of CO2-rich IWG is 95％CO2 and 5％IWG when CO2 geological storage is the main goal.In contrast,when the main goal is the geological storage of total CO2-rich IWG or impurity gas,the optimal CO2-rich IWG composition is 50％CO2 and 50％IWG.In the CO2-rich IWG-water-shale reaction,temperature has less influence on the water-rock reaction,while pressure is the most important parameter.SO2 has the greatest impact on water-rock reaction in gas.For minerals,clay minerals such as illite and montmorillonite had a significant effect on water-rock reaction.The overall reaction is dominated by precipitation and the volume of the rock skeleton has increased by 0.74 cm3,resulting in a decrease in shale porosity,which enhances the stability of CO2 geological storage to some extent.During the reaction between CO2-rich IWG-water-shale at simulated temperatures and pressures,precipitation is the main reaction,and shale porosity decreases.However,as the reservoir water content increases,the reaction will first dissolve and then precipitate before dissolving again.When the water content is less than 0.0005 kg or greater than 0.4 kg,it will lead to an increase in reservoir porosity,which ultimately reduces the long-term geological storage stability of CO2-rich IWG.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    A hybrid physics-informed data-driven neural network for CO2 storage in depleted shale reservoirs

    Yan-Wei WangZhen-Xue DaiGui-Sheng WangLi Chen...
    286-301页
    查看更多>>摘要：To reduce CO2 emissions in response to global climate change,shale reservoirs could be ideal candidates for long-term carbon geo-sequestration involving multi-scale transport processes.However,most cur-rent CO2 sequestration models do not adequately consider multiple transport mechanisms.Moreover,the evaluation of CO2 storage processes usually involves laborious and time-consuming numerical simula-tions unsuitable for practical prediction and decision-making.In this paper,an integrated model involving gas diffusion,adsorption,dissolution,slip flow,and Darcy flow is proposed to accurately characterize CO2 storage in depleted shale reservoirs,supporting the establishment of a training data-base.On this basis,a hybrid physics-informed data-driven neural network(HPDNN)is developed as a deep learning surrogate for prediction and inversion.By incorporating multiple sources of scientific knowledge,the HPDNN can be configured with limited simulation resources,significantly accelerating the forward and inversion processes.Furthermore,the HPDNN can more intelligently predict injection performance,precisely perform reservoir parameter inversion,and reasonably evaluate the CO2 storage capacity under complicated scenarios.The validation and test results demonstrate that the HPDNN can ensure high accuracy and strong robustness across an extensive applicability range when dealing with field data with multiple noise sources.This study has tremendous potential to replace traditional modeling tools for predicting and making decisions about CO2 storage projects in depleted shale reservoirs.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process:Effect of permeability

    Jia-Kun GongYuan WangRidhwan-Zhafri B.Kamarul BahrimRaj-Deo Tewari...
    302-314页
    查看更多>>摘要：Foam is utilized in enhanced oil recovery and CO2 sequestration.Surfactant-alternating-gas(SAG)is a preferred approach for placing foam into reservoirs,due to it enhances gas injection and minimizes corrosion in facilities.Our previous studies with similar permeability cores show that during SAG in-jection,several banks occupy the area near the well where fluid exhibits distinct behaviour.However,underground reservoirs are heterogeneous,often layered.It is crucial to understand the effect of permeability on fluid behaviour and injectivity in a SAG process.In this work,coreflood experiments are conducted in cores with permeabilities ranging from 16 to 2300 mD.We observe the same sequence of banks in cores with different permeabilities.However,the speed at which banks propagate and their overall mobility can vary depending on permeability.At higher permeabilities,the gas-dissolution bank and the forced-imbibition bank progress more rapidly during liquid injection.The total mobilities of both banks decrease with permeability.By utilizing a bank-propagation model,we scale up our experimental findings and compare them to results obtained using the Peaceman equation.Our findings reveal that the liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process is misestimated by conventional simulators based on the Peaceman equation.The lower the formation permeability,the greater the error.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据
    • 维普