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天文和天体物理学研究
天文和天体物理学研究

汪景琇 景益鹏

月刊

1674-4527

wenyy@bao.ac.cn

010-64853746

100717

北京朝阳区大屯路甲20号国家天文台 RAA编辑部

天文和天体物理学研究/Journal Research in Astronomy and AstrophysicsCSCD北大核心CSTPCDSCI
查看更多>>本刊1981年创刊至2000年已出版20卷。创刊时为中文期刊,2001年改为《中国天文和天体物理学报》(英文版)。主要刊登天文学和天体物理学领域的原创性研究论文。主要栏目和报道范围:“研究快报”用来报道天文观测的新结果及新理论;“特约综述”聘请国际知名天文学家就某些热点问题进行专题评述。“研究论文”具有原创性。2009年更名为《天文和天体物理学研究》(英文版),由双月刊变为月刊。
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    Single-pulse Emissions of PSRs J1611-0114 and J1617+1123

    Shifang LiuZhigang WenShuangqiang WangFeifei Kou...
    1-10页
    查看更多>>摘要:In this paper,the emissions from two pulsars,PSRs J1611-0114 and J1617+1123,were investigated using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope operating at a central frequency of 1250 MHz.The average pulse profile of PSR J1611-0114 shows two components,the first of which is relatively weak in intensity.The two-dimensional pulse stack exhibits an obvious nulling phenomenon,with an estimated nulling fraction of 40.1%±5.4%.The durations of the nulls and bursts are consistent with power-law distributions,and no periodic nulling phenomenon is found.The results from PSR J1617+1123 demonstrate that the average pulse profile is composed of four components.The peak intensity of the fourth component varies significantly,causing an unstable integrated profile.In addition,the modulation characteristics of J1611-0114 and J1617+1123 were studied by analyzing the modulation index,longitude resolved fluctuation spectrum and two-dimensional fluctuation spectrum using the software PSRSALSA.It was found that the two pulsars exhibit intensity modulation.In particular,J1611-0114 displays even-odd modulation,with the modulation period of approximately two pulses.The modulation period of J1617+1123 is relatively broad.There is an obvious subpulse drift phenomenon,and the value of P2 is~0.125c/P0,corresponding to 12 pulse longitude bins,and the drift rate(P2/P3)is about 0.29.

    Prospect of Detecting Magnetic Fields from Strong-magnetized Binary Neutron Stars

    Rundong TangXingyu ZhongYe JiangPing Shen...
    11-21页
    查看更多>>摘要:Binary neutron star mergers are unique sources of gravitational waves in multi-messenger astronomy.The inspiral phase of binary neutron stars can emit gravitational waves as chirp signals.The present waveform models of gravitational waves only considered the gravitational interaction.In this paper,we derive the waveform of the gravitational wave signal taking into account the presence of magnetic fields.We found that the electromagnetic interaction and radiation can introduce different frequency-dependent power laws for both the amplitude and frequency of the gravitational wave.We show from the results of the Fisher information matrix that the third-generation observation may detect magnetic dipole moments if the magnetic field is~1017G.

    Mesiri:Mephisto Early Supernovae Ⅰa Rapid Identifier

    Lun-Wei ZhangZhen-Yu WangDe-Zi LiuYuan Fang...
    22-45页
    查看更多>>摘要:The early time observations of Type Ⅰa supernovae(SNe Ⅰa)play a crucial role in investigating and resolving longstanding questions about progenitor stars and the explosion mechanisms of these events.Colors of supernovae(SNe)in the initial days after the explosion can help differentiate between different types of SNe.However,the use of true color information to identify SNe Ⅰa at the early-time explosion is still in its infancy.The Multi-channel Photometric Survey Telescope(Mephisto)is a photometric survey telescope equipped with three CCD cameras,capable of simultaneously imaging the same patch of sky in three bands(u,g,i or v,r,z),yielding real-time colors of astronomical objects.In this paper,we introduce a new time-series classification tool named Mephisto Early Supernovae Ⅰa Rapid Identifier(Mesiri),which,for the first time,utilizes real-time color information to distinguish early-time SNe Ⅰa from core-collapse supemovae.Mesiri is based on the deep learning approach and can achieve an accuracy of 96.75%±0.79%,and AUC of 98.87%±0.53%in case of single epoch random observation before the peak brightness.These values reach towards perfectness if additional data points on several night observations are considered.The classification with real-time color significantly outperforms that with pseudo-color,especially at the early time,i.e.,with only a few points of observations.The BiLSTM architecture shows the best performance compared to others that have been tested in this work.

    A GPU Algorithm for Solving the Positions of New Pulsars

    方子瑶朱炜玮缪晨晨周宇凯...
    46-52页
    查看更多>>摘要:Timing newly discovered pulsars requires gradually building up a timing model that connects observations taken days to months apart.This sometimes can be challenging when our initial knowledge of the pulsar's position is arcminutes off from its true position.Such a position error leads to significant arrival time shifts as a result of the Earth's orbital motion.Traditional down-hill fitting timing algorithms become ineffective when our model predicts the wrong pulse rotations for our next observation.For some pulsars whose model prediction is not too far off,the correct rotation number could be found by trial-and-error methods.For the remaining challenging pulsars,a more generalized method is called for.This paper proposes a GPU-based algorithm that could exhaustively search a large area of trail positions for probable timing solutions.This could help find phase-connected timing solutions for new pulsars using brute force.

    ISMGCC:Finding Gas Structures in Molecular Interstellar Medium Using Gaussian Decomposition and Graph Theory

    Haoran FengZhiwei ChenZhibo JiangJames S.Urquhart...
    53-70页
    查看更多>>摘要:Molecular line emissions are commonly used to trace the distribution and properties of molecular Interstellar Medium.However,the emissions are heavily blended on the Galactic disk toward the inner Galaxy because of the relatively large line widths and the velocity overlaps of spiral arms.Structure identification methods based on voxel connectivity in Position-Position-Velocity(PPV)data cubes often produce unrealistically large structures,which is the"over-linking"problem.Therefore,identifying molecular cloud structures in these directions is not trivial.We propose a new method based on Gaussian decomposition and graph theory to solve the over-linking problem,named InterStellar Medium Gaussian Component Clustering(ISMGCC).Using the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting(MWISP)13CO(1-0)data in the range of 13°.5 ≤ l ≤ 14°.5,|b|≤0°5,and-100 ≤ Vlsr≤+200 km s-1,our method identified three hundred molecular gas structures with at least 16 pixels.These structures contain 92%of the total flux in the raw data cube and show single-peaked line profiles on more than 93%of their pixels.The ISMGCC method could distinguish gas structures in crowded regions and retain most of the flux without global data clipping or assumptions on the structure geometry,meanwhile,allowing multiple Gaussian components for complicated line profiles.

    Capability of Searching for Kilonova Associated with a Short Gamma-Ray Burst by SVOM

    J.WangL.P.XinY.L.OiuL.Lan...
    71-75页
    查看更多>>摘要:In spite of the importance of studying the cosmic generation of heavy elements through the r-process,the detection of a kilonova resulting from the merger of a neutron star binary is still a challenging task.In this paper,we show that the Visible Telescope(VT)onboard the ongoing SVOM space mission is powerful for identifying kilonova candidates associated with short gamma-ray bursts up to a distance of 600 Mpc.A significant color variation,turning blue and then turning red,is revealed by calculating the light curves in both red and blue channels of VT by a linear combination of an afterglow and an associated kilonova.The maximum color variation is as high as~0.5-1 mag,which is far larger than the small photometry error of~0.2 mag of VT for a point source with a brightness of 23 mag.Up to a distance of 600 Mpc,~1-2 kilonova candidates per year are predicted to be identified by VT.

    The Nature of the Elongated Granulations and Stretched Dark Lanes in a Newly Emerging Flux Region

    Jincheng WangXiaoli Yan
    76-84页
    查看更多>>摘要:In this study,we explore the elongated granulations and stretched dark lanes within the emerging anti-Hale active region NOAA AR 12720.Utilizing high-resolution observations from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope,we discern a prevalence of elongated granules and stretched dark lanes associated with the emergence of new magnetic flux positioned between two primary opposing magnetic polarities.These elongated granulations and stretched dark lanes exhibit an alignment of strong transverse fields and a significant inclination angle.The endpoints of these features separate from each other,with their midpoints predominantly characterized by blueshifted signals in the photosphere.This suggests a close association between elongated granules and stretched dark lanes with the newly emerging flux.Additionally,we find that the stretched dark lanes display a more pronounced correlation with strong blueshifts and photospheric transverse magnetic fields compared to the elongated granulations.The transverse magnetic field within these stretched dark lanes reaches magnitudes of approximately 300-400 G,and the inclination angle demonstrates an"arch-like"pattern along the trajectory of the stretched dark lane.Based on these observed characteristics,we infer the presence of an emerging flux tube with an"arch-like"shape situated along the stretched dark lane.Consequently,we conclude that the stretched dark lanes likely represent manifestations of the emerging flux tube,while the elongated granulations may correspond to the gaps between the emerging flux tubes.

    A Geometric Distortion Solution Specifically for Historical Observations and its Implementation

    F.R.LinQ.Y.PengZ.J.ZhengB.F.Guo...
    85-94页
    查看更多>>摘要:Geometric distortion(GD)critically constrains the precision of astrometry.Using well-established methods to correct GD requires calibration observations,which can only be obtained using a special dithering strategy during the observation period.Unfortunately,this special observation mode is not often used,especially for historical observations before those GD correction methods were presented.As a result,some telescopes have no GD calibration observations for a long period,making it impossible to accurately determine the GD effect.This limits the value of the telescope observations in certain astrometric scenarios,such as using historical observations of moving targets in the solar system to improve their orbits.We investigated a method for handling GD that does not rely on the calibration observations.With this advantage,it can be used to solve the GD models of telescopes which were intractable in the past.The method was implemented in Python and released on GitHub.It was then applied to solve GD in the observations taken with the 1 m and 2.4 m telescopes at Yunnan Observatory.The resulting GD models were compared with those obtained using well-established methods to demonstrate the accuracy.Furthermore,the method was applied in the reduction of observations for two targets,the moon of Jupiter(Himalia)and binary GSC 2038-0293,to show its effectiveness.After GD correction,the astrometric results for both targets show improvements.Notably,the mean residual between the observed and computed position(O-C)for binary GSC 2038-0293 decreased from 36 to 5 mas.

    Deep Neural Network Closed-loop with Raw Data for Optical Resident Space Object Detection

    He ZhaoRong-Yu SunSheng-Xian Yu
    95-103页
    查看更多>>摘要:Optical survey is an important means for observing resident space objects and space situational awareness.With the application of astronomical techniques and reduction method,wide field of view telescopes have made significant contributions in discovering and identifying resident space objects.However,with the development of modem optical and electronic technology,the detection limit of instruments and infrastructure has been greatly extended,leading to an extensive number of raw images and many more sources in these images.Challenges arise when reducing these data in terms of traditional measurement and calibration.Based on the amount of data,it is particularly feasible and reliable to apply machine learning algorithms.Here an end-to-end deep learning framework is developed,it is trained with a priori information on raw detections and the automatic detection task is performed on the new data acquired.The closed-loop is evaluated based on consecutive CCD images obtained with a dedicated space debris survey telescope.It is demonstrated that our framework can achieve high performance compared with the traditional method,and with data fusion,the efficiency of the system can be improved without changing hardware or deploying new devices.The technique deserves a wider application in many fields of observational astronomy.

    The Progenitors of Be-stars Paired with O-subdwarfs:The Spin-up of a Be Star at the Stage of Conservative Mass Exchange

    Evgeny Staritsin
    104-111页
    查看更多>>摘要:The spinning-up of the accreting component in the process of conservative mass exchange is considered in binary systems—progenitors of systems consisting of a main sequence Be-star and an O-subdwarf.During the mass exchange,the meridional circulation transfers 80%-85%of the angular momentum that entered the accretor together with the accreted matter to the accretor surface.This angular momentum is removed from the accretor by the disk.When the mass exchange finishes,the accretor has a rotation typical of classical Be-type stars.