Shah Alam KhanNeelima ShrivastavaMd.Jawaid AkhtarAftab Ahmad...
285-298,中插1-中插2页
查看更多>>摘要：Ebola virus disease(EVD)is a rare,highly contagious and a deadly disease with a variable fatality rate ranging from 30%to 90%.Over the past two decades,Ebola pandemic has severely affected the sub-Sahara region including Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC),and Uganda.The causative agents of the most EVD cases are three distinct species out of six Ebolaviruses namely Zaire Ebolavirus(ZEBOV),Sudan Ebolavirus(SUDV)and Bundibugyo Ebolavirus(BDBV).In recent years,significant strides have been made in therapeutic interventions.Notably,the US Food and Drug Administration has approved two monoclonal antibodies:InmazebTM(REGN-EB3)and Ansuvimab or EbangaTM.Additionally,many small molecules are currently in the developmental stage,promising further progress in medical treatment.Addressing the critical need for preventive measures,this review provides an in-depth analysis of the licensed Ebola vaccines-Ervebo and the combination of Zabdeno(Ad26.ZEBOV)and Mvabea(MVA-BN-Filo)as well as the vaccines which are currently being tested for their efficacy and safety in clinical studies.These vaccines might play an important role in curbing the spread and mitigating the impact of this lethal disease.The current treatment landscape for EVD encompasses both nutritional(supportive)and drug therapies.The review comprehensively details the origin,pathogenesis,and epidemiology of EVD,shedding light on the ongoing efforts to combat this devastating disease.It explores small molecules in various stages of the development,discusses patents filed or granted,and delves into the clinical and supportive therapies that form the cornerstone of EVD management.This review aims to provide the recent developments made in the design and synthesis of small molecules for scientific community to facilitate a deeper understanding of the disease and fostering the development of effective strategies for prevention,treatment,and control of EVD.
查看更多>>摘要：Objective:To explore the correlation between genotypes of Orientia(O.)tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus patients.Methods:Clinical data of patients with scrub typhus admitted to different types of medical institutions in Guangzhou from September 2012 to December 2016 were collected using medical records.Demographic data,clinical manifestations,as well as hematological and biochemical indicators of patients infected with different genotypes were analyzed and compared.Results:A total of 192 patients were included in this study,including 121 patients with Karp genotype of O.tsutsugamushi infection(63.0%),36 patients with Gilliam genotype(19.0%),23 patients with Kato genotype(12.0%),and 12 patients with TA763 genotype(6.0%)infection.The median value of albumin in patients with Karp genotype infection was significantly lower than that of Gilliam-infected patients(P=0.032).Patients with Karp genotype infection had a significantly longer hospital stay(9 days)than those with Gilliam genotype(7 days)(P=0.009)and Kato genotype infection(6 days)(P=0.005).Karp-infected patients also represented for the largest number of patients with complicated organ involvement(88/133,66.2%).Furthermore,Karp-infected patients had higher risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(18.2%)and requiring intensive care unit treatment(15.9%).Besides,patients with Gilliam genotype(8 days)and TA763 genotype infection(7.5 days)had shorter fever duration than those with Karp genotype(9 days)and Kato genotype(9 days)infection,respectively.Conclusions:Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi were associated with varying clinical manifestations,organ involvement,and treatment outcomes,suggesting that genotypes ranged in virulence.
查看更多>>摘要：Objective:To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris(A.)lumbricoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry,Sundergarh and Wayanad.Methods:Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence,different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility.9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were included.The study was conducted in two rounds:baseline&follow up survey.All eligible children found positive for A.lumbricoides at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day Initiative.During post-treatment follow-up survey,eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final analysis.Stool samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz technique.Efficacy was estimated based on cure rate(CR)and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate(FECRR)among children found positive in baseline and follow-up surveys.Results:328 Out of 625(52.5%)were found positive for A.lumbricoides in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples(47.8%)during post-treatment follow-up survey.Overall,the estimated CR was 52.2%.FECRR(95%CI)for albendazole was 72.6%(79.2%-66.0%).The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri[89.7%(96.8%-82.6%)],followed by Sundergarh[86.4%(95.3%-77.5%)]and Wayanad[69%(81.7%-56.4%)].Conclusions:Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for A.lumbricoides infection at three different locations in India.However,these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any.
查看更多>>摘要：Objective:To assess the correlation between atmospheric pollutants,meteorological factors,and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City.Methods:Daily data on atmospheric pollutants,meteorological factors,and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City from 2018 to 2021 were collected.The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation,and a distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the health effects and lag impacts of environmental factors.Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age.Results:According to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10:J00-J99),a total of 221 913 cases were included,accounting for 21.3%of the total emergency department visits in Haikou City.For every 1℃increase in temperature,the risk of emergency department visits increased by 1.029%(95%CI 1.016%-1.042%).Relative humidity greater than 80%reduced the risk of visits,while higher atmospheric pressure(>1 010 hpa)also decreased the likelihood of daily emergency department visits.Higher concentrations of PM2.5(30-50 µg/m3),PM10(>60 µg/m3),and O3(75-125 µg/m3)were associated with increased visits.Higher temperatures(>25℃)have a greater impact on females and children aged 0-14 years,while males are more sensitive to low atmospheric pressure.Individuals aged 65 and above exhibited increased sensitivity to O3 concentration,and the effects of PM2.5,PM10,and O3 are more pronounced in individuals over 14 years old.Conclusions:Short-term exposure to high temperatures,particulate matter pollutants(PM2.5 and PM10),and ozone(O3)is associated with increased emergency department visits for respiratory diseases.
查看更多>>摘要：Rationale:Lepromatous leprosy can have many atypical presentations,obscuring early diagnosis.We present a case of lepromatous leprosy,presenting with atypical features,which made a diagnostic dilemma.Patient concerns:A 48-year-old man presented with bilateral lower limb oedema and scaly"ichthyosis like"skin rash in both hands and feet,hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia,over a course of three months,without any classical features of leprosy.A skin biopsy revealed an unexpected diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy.Diagnosis:Lepromatous leprosy.Interventions:Multi-drug regimen treatment with rifampicin,dapsone and clofazimine for lepromatous leprosy.Outcomes:The patient made a good clinical recovery.Lessons:In endemic settings,clinicians should be aware of similar atypical manifestations of leprosy to face the global challenge of eradicating this chronic deforming disease.
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