查看更多>>摘要:To accurately model flows with shock waves using staggered-grid Lagrangian hydrody-namics,the artificial viscosity has to be introduced to convert kinetic energy into inter-nal energy,thereby increasing the entropy across shocks.Determining the appropriate strength of the artificial viscosity is an art and strongly depends on the particular prob-lem and experience of the researcher.The objective of this study is to pose the problem of finding the appropriate strength of the artificial viscosity as an optimization problem and solve this problem using machine learning(ML)tools,specifically using surrogate models based on Gaussian Process regression(GPR)and Bayesian analysis.We describe the optimization method and discuss various practical details of its implementation.The shock-containing problems for which weapply this method all have been implemented in the LANL code FLAG(Burton in Connectivity structures and differencing techniques for staggered-grid free-Lagrange hydrodynamics,Tech.Rep.UCRL-JC-110555,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore,CA,1992,1992,in Consistent finite-volume discretization of hydrodynamic conservation laws for unstructured grids,Tech.Rep.CRL-JC-118788,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore,CA,1992,1994,Mul-tidimensional discretization of conservation laws for unstructured polyhedral grids,Tech.Rep.UCRL-JC-118306,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore,CA,1992,1994,in FLAG,a multi-dimensional,multiple mesh,adaptive free-Lagrange,hydrody-namics code.In:NECDC,1992).First,we apply ML to find optimal values to isolated shock problems of different strengths.Second,we apply ML to optimize the viscosity for a one-dimensional(1D)propagating detonation problem based on Zel'dovich-von Neumann-Doring(ZND)(Fickett and Davis in Detonation:theory and experiment.Dover books on physics.Dover Publications,Mineola,2000)detonation theory using a reactive burn model.We compare results for default(currently used values in FLAG)and optimized val-ues of the artificial viscosity for these problems demonstrating the potential for significant improvement in the accuracy of computations.